spina

See also: Appendix:Variations of "spina"

English

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin spīna (“a thorn; a prickle, spine”). Doublet of spine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspaɪ.nə/
• Rhymes: -aɪnə

Noun

spina (plural spinae)

1. (anatomy) A spine; the backbone.
2. (music) One of the quills of a spinet.
3. (historical) A barrier dividing the Ancient Roman hippodrome longitudinally.

Related terms

• spina bifida
• spina externa
• spina interna

Further reading

• Spina (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• aspin, PAINs, Pains, PAINS, nipas, pains, Spain, pinas, ispán, piñas, NSAPI, pisan, IP SAN, Pisan

Esperanto

Etymology

From spino +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspina/
• Rhymes: -ina
• Syllabification: spi‧na

Adjective

spina (accusative singular spinan, plural spinaj, accusative plural spinajn)

1. spinal

Further reading

• “spina”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN

Faroese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspiːna/

Noun

spina f (genitive singular spinu, uncountable)

1. sperm

Declension

f1s	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	spina	spinan
accusative	spinu	spinuna
dative	spinu	spinuni
genitive	spinu	spinunnar

Synonyms

• sáð
• spin

References

• "spina" at Sprotin.fo

Anagrams

• nispa, pinsa, pisan

Franco-Provençal

Noun

spina (plural spìneus) (Piemontais)

1. alternative form of èpena (“thorn”)

References

• spina in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Gallurese

Etymology

From Classical Latin spīna, from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey-neh₂, derived from the root *spey- (“long; thin; sharp”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspina/
• IPA^(key): (Calangianus, Sant'Antonio di Gallura) /ˈʃpina/

Noun

spina f (plural spini)

1. thorn

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin spīna (literally “thorn”), from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈspina/ [ˈspi.na]
• Rhymes: -ina
• Syllabification: spi‧na

Noun

spina (plural spina-spina)

1. (anatomy, technical) backbone, spinal column, spine, vertebral column

   Synonyms: tulang belakang, tulang punggung, vertebra

Derived terms

• berspina

• spina servikal

Related terms

• spinal

Further reading

• “spina”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Italian

Etymology

From Latin spīna, from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspi.na/
• Rhymes: -ina
• Hyphenation: spì‧na

Noun

spina f (plural spine, diminutive spinétta)

1. thorn
2. spine, prickle
3. plug (electrical)
4. bone (of fish)
5. bunghole

Derived terms

• birra alla spina (“draught/draft beer”)
• spina dorsale
• spinale
• spinarolo
• spinoso
• tenere sulle spine

Related terms

• spino

Further reading

• spina in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
• spina in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• naspi, spani

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈspiː.na]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈspiː.na]

Noun

spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension

1. (literal) a thorn or a thorny tree or shrub, such as whitethorn, hawthorn, or blackthorn
2. (transferred sense)
   1. (zootomy) a thorn, spine, prickle
   2. (zootomy) a fishbone
   3. (anatomy) the backbone, spine
   4. a low wall along the centre of a circus (racecourse); a barrier
   5. a toothpick
3. (figurative, in the plural)
   1. (Classical Latin, Medieval Latin) thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating
      • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Proverbs.15.19:

        Iter pigrōrum quasi sēpēs spīnārum; via iūstōrum absque offendiculō.

        The way of the slothful is as a hedge of thorns; the way of the just is without offence.
        (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

   2. cares
   3. errors

Inflection

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	spīna	spīnae
genitive	spīnae	spīnārum
dative	spīnae	spīnīs
accusative	spīnam	spīnās
ablative	spīnā	spīnīs
vocative	spīna	spīnae

Derived terms

• spīnālis
• spīnēscō
• spīnētum
• spīneus
• Spīniēnsis
• spīnifer
• spīniger
• spīnōsus
• spīnula
• spīnus

Related terms

• spīnea
• spīneola
• spīnōsitās
• spīnōsulus

Descendants

(Note: see also spīnus.)

• Franco-Provençal: èpena
• Italo-Dalmatian
  • Dalmatian: spaina
  • Italian: spina
  • Neapolitan: spina
  • Sicilian: spina
• Old French: espine
  • Champenois: épingne
  • Middle French: espine
    • French: épine
  • → Middle English: spyne
    • English: spine
• Occitano-Romance
  • Catalan: espina
  • Occitan: espina
• Rhaeto-Romance
  • Friulian: spine
  • Romansh: spina, spegna
• Sardinian:

  Campidanese: spina

  Logudorese: ispina

• Venetan: spina
• West Iberian
  • Asturian: espina
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha
    • Fala: (Mañegu, Valverdeñu) espiña, (Lagarteiru) ispiña
    • Galician: espiña
    • Portuguese: espinha
  • Spanish: espina
• → Albanian: shpinë
• → Middle Irish: spín
  • Irish: spíon
  • Scottish Gaelic: spìon
• → Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)
  • English: spine
• → Polish: spina (learned) (see there for further descendants)

References

• “spina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "spina", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “spina”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • subtleties of logic; dilemmas: disserendi spinae (Fin. 4. 28. 79)
    
  • minute, captious subdivisions and definitions: spinae partiendi et definiendi (Tusc. 5. 8. 22)
    
• “spina”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “spina”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
• “spina”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 580
• spina, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Middle English

Noun

spina

1. alternative form of spyne

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspi.na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ina
• Syllabification: spi‧na

Etymology 1

Deverbal from spinać się.

Noun

spina f

1. (slang) sudden jitters or anxiety

Declension

Declension of spina

	singular	plural
nominative	spina	spiny
genitive	spiny	spin
dative	spinie	spinom
accusative	spinę	spiny
instrumental	spiną	spinami
locative	spinie	spinach
vocative	spino	spiny

Etymology 2

Back-formation from spinka.

Noun

spina f

1. (dated) augmentative of spinka (“fastener”)

Declension

Declension of spina

	singular	plural
nominative	spina	spiny
genitive	spiny	spin
dative	spinie	spinom
accusative	spinę	spiny
instrumental	spiną	spinami
locative	spinie	spinach
vocative	spino	spiny

Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Latin spīna.

Noun

spina f

1. (obsolete) spine, vertebral column

   Synonym: kręgosłup

Declension

Declension of spina

	singular	plural
nominative	spina	spiny
genitive	spiny	spin
dative	spinie	spinom
accusative	spinę	spiny
instrumental	spiną	spinami
locative	spinie	spinach
vocative	spino	spiny

Related terms

adjectives

• szpiczasty

nouns

• szpic
• szpica
• szpilka
• szprycha

Descendants

• → Belarusian: спі́на (spína)
• → Latvian: spina
• → Russian: спина́ (spiná)
• → Ukrainian: спи́на (spýna)

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

spina

1. third-person singular present of spinać

Further reading

• “spina”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[2] (in Polish)