साल

See also: सल, सूल, सेल, साली, and साला

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /sɑːl/, [säːl]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Delhi):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁-?

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts

Proto-Iranian *carHdáh

Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d)

Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭𐭲 (sāl)

Classical Persian سَال (sāl)bor.

Hindi साल (sāl)

Borrowed from Classical Persian سَال (sāl), from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭𐭲 (sāl), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d), from Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁-. Doublet of शरद् (śarad).

Noun

साल • (sāl) m (Urdu spelling سال)

1. year

   Synonyms: बरस (baras), वर्ष (varṣ)

   मेरा भाई अगले साल भारत लौटेगा।

   merā bhāī agle sāl bhārat lauṭegā.

   My brother will return to India next year.

   हर साल मुझे एक दस्तावेज़ बरख़ुदारोव से मिलता है।

   har sāl mujhe ek dastāvez barxudārov se miltā hai.

   Every year I get a document from Barkhudarov.

Declension

Declension of साल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	साल sāl	साल sāl
oblique	साल sāl	सालों sālõ
vocative	साल sāl	सालो sālo

See also

units of time: समय के मात्रक (samay ke mātrak)edit

• सहस्राब्दी (sahasrābdī)
• शताब्दी (śatābdī), शती (śatī)
• दशक (daśak)
• वर्ष (varṣ), साल (sāl), बरस (baras)
• मास (mās), महीना (mahīnā)
• पखवाड़ा (pakhvāṛā), पक्ष (pakṣ)
• सप्ताह (saptāh), हफ़्ता (haftā)
• दिन (din), दिवस (divas)
• पहर (pahar)
• घंटा (ghaṇṭā)
• मुहूर्त (muhūrt)
• घटी (ghaṭī)
• मिनट (minaṭ)
• पल (pal)
• सैकंड (saikaṇḍ)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Sanskrit शाल (śāla)

Hindi साल (sāl)

From Sanskrit शाल (śāla).

Noun

साल • (sāl) m (Urdu spelling سال)

1. sal tree and its wood (Shorea robusta)

Declension

Declension of साल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	साल sāl	साल sāl
oblique	साल sāl	सालों sālõ
vocative	साल sāl	सालो sālo

Etymology 3

Etymology tree

Sanskrit शल्य (śalya)

Hindi साल (sāl)

From Sanskrit शल्य (śalya).

Noun

साल • (sāl) m (Urdu spelling سال)

1. thorn

Declension

Declension of साल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	साल sāl	साल sāl
oblique	साल sāl	सालों sālõ
vocative	साल sāl	सालो sālo

Etymology 4

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-der.

Sanskrit शाला (śālā)

Hindi साल (sāl)

From Sanskrit शाला (śālā), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-.

Noun

साल • (sāl) f (Urdu spelling سال)

1. house
2. hall
3. place

Declension

Declension of साल (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	साल sāl	सालें sālẽ
oblique	साल sāl	सालों sālõ
vocative	साल sāl	सालो sālo

Etymology 5

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European?

the BMAC substratebor.?

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárgušder.

Proto-Indo-Aryan *śr̥gālás

Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla)

Hindi साल (sāl)

From Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla).

Noun

साल • (sāl) m (Urdu spelling سال)

1. jackal

Declension

Declension of साल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	साल sāl	साल sāl
oblique	साल sāl	सालों sālõ
vocative	साल sāl	सालो sālo

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “साल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “साल”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Konkani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɑːl]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit छल्ली (challī).

Noun

साल • (sāl) f (Latin script sal, Kannada script ಸಾಲ್)

1. peel (of a fruit)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Portuguese sala.

Noun

साल • (sāl) f (Latin script sal, Kannada script ಸಾಲ್)

1. living room

   Synonym: वासरी (vāsrī)

References

• Pushpak Bhattacharyya (2017), IndoWordNet‎^[1]
• Madhavi Sardesai (2006), A Comparative Linguistic and Cultural Study of Lexical Influences on Konkani‎^[2], Goa University (doctoral thesis)

Marathi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit छल्ली (challī). Cognate to Gujarati છાલ (chāl), Hindi छाल (chāl).

Noun

साल • (sāl) f (plural साली)

1. skin/peel of fruits or of tree barks

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian سال (sāl). Compare Old Marathi 𑘭𑘰𑘩 (sāla), Bengali সাল (śal), Hindi साल (sāl).

Noun

साल • (sāl) n

1. (uncommon) year

   Synonyms: वरीस (varīs), वर्ष (varṣa)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “साल”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “साल”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “challi”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press