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wood

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Wood

English

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Varieties of wood (sense 2).
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Etymology 1

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
    Proto-Indo-European *dwi-
    Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-
    Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁-
    Proto-Indo-European *-us
    Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)wéydʰ(h₁)us
    Proto-Germanic *widuz
    Proto-West Germanic *widu
    Old English widu
    Old English wudu
    Middle English wode
    English wood

      From Middle English wode, from Old English wudu, widu (“wood, forest, grove; tree; timber”), from Proto-West Germanic *widu, from Proto-Germanic *widuz (“wood”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁- (“to separate”). The spelling developed as it did in wool.

      Cognate with Dutch wede (“wood, twig”), Middle High German wite (“wood”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish ved (“wood”), Elfdalian wið (“wood, timber”), Faroese and Icelandic viður (“wood”), Norwegian Nynorsk ved (“wood, firewood”), vid (“wide, broad”). Further cognates include Irish fiodh (“a wood, tree”), Old Irish fid (“tree”) and Welsh gwŷdd (“trees”), from Proto-Celtic *widus (“wood”). Unrelated to Dutch woud (“forest”), German Wald (“forest”) (see English wold).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      wood (countable and uncountable, plural woods)

      2. (uncountable) The substance making up the central part of the trunk and branches of a tree. Used as a material for construction, to manufacture various items, etc. or as fuel.
        This table is made of wood.
        There was lots of wood on the beach.
        • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 1006–11:
          O that men / (Canſt thou believe ?) ſhould be ſo ſtupid grown, / While yet the Patriark liv’d, who ſcap’d the Flood, / As to forſake the living God, and fall / To worſhip thir own work in Wood and Stone / For Gods !
        • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
          He stood transfixed before the unaccustomed view of London at night time, a vast panorama which reminded him […] of some wood engravings far off and magical, in a printshop in his childhood.
        • 2026 June 12, Jane Mutune, Peter Minang, “Building a resilient wood-based bioeconomy in Africa”, in Forest News‎[1]:
          Africa’s growing demand for wood products presents an opportunity to build a resilient bioeconomy that creates jobs, strengthens local industries and reduces pressure on natural forests. Wood remains one of Africa’s most vital natural resources, supporting livelihoods, economic development and industrial growth across the continent. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, more than 600 million Africans depend on forests and trees for their livelihoods, relying on wood value chains for employment, energy, construction materials and income generation. The sector supports industries such as furniture manufacturing, paper production, packaging, electricity transmission, housing and construction. In rural Africa, wood and tree-based systems also provide fuel and income, forming a cornerstone of household survival. As population growth and urbanization accelerate, demand for wood products is rising sharply, creating both opportunities and challenges for sustainable development. Harnessing this potential could position the wood sector as a driver of economic transformation and green growth. At the centre of this opportunity is the idea of a resilient wood-based bioeconomy, an approach that sustainably uses renewable biological resources like wood and forest products to produce materials, energy and services while safeguarding ecosystem health.
      4. (countable) The wood from a particular species of tree.
        Teak is much used for outdoor benches, but a number of other woods are also suitable, such as ipé, redwood, etc.
        • 1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 93:
          A few woods, such as cedar and redwood, are prized for their rugged naturalness and they age so beautifully that they are generally left unfinished.
      6. (countable, often as plurale tantum) A forested or wooded area.
        Synonyms: woods, forest, woodland; see also Thesaurus:forest
        A wood beyond this moor was viewed as a border area in the seventeenth century.
        He got lost in the woods beyond Seattle.
        • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 144, column 2, lines 92–94:
          Macbeth ſhall neuer vanquiſh’d be, vntill / Great Byrnam Wood, to high Dunſmane Hill / Shall come againſt him.
        • 1845, Hans Christian Andersen, translated by Mary Howitt, Only a Fiddler! and O.T., volume II, London: Richard Bentley, page 298:
          “There upon the hill, close by the wood, did I act the elf-maiden,” said Sophie.
      7. Firewood.
        We need more wood for the fire.
        • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
          We toted in the wood and got the fire going nice and comfortable. Lord James still set in one of the chairs and Applegate had cabbaged the other and was hugging the stove.
        • 2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:
          Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame.
      8. (countable, golf) A type of golf club, the head of which was traditionally made of wood.
      9. (music) A woodwind instrument.
      10. (uncountable, slang) An erection of the penis.
        That girl at the strip club gave me wood.
      11. (chess, uncountable, slang) Chess pieces.
        • 1971, Chess Life & Review, volume 26, page 309:
          […] White has nothing but a lot of frozen wood on the board while Black operates on the Q-side.
      Usage notes
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      • In the sense of a forested area, the singular generally refers to a discrete area of forest, while the plural is often used when a more vaguely defined area is meant. For the sense of woodwind instrument, wind is the more common shortening.
      Synonyms
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      Derived terms
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      Translations
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      The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
      Translations to be checked

      See also

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      Descendants

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      • Sranan Tongo: udu

      Verb

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      wood (third-person singular simple present woods, present participle wooding, simple past and past participle wooded)

      1. (transitive) To cover or plant with trees.
        • 1542, Sir Richard Devereux, letter, in Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica, London: J. Nichols, published 1792, page 155:
          Their be ii good bellys, a chales, and a few veſtments of litil valure, the ſtuff beſide is not worth xl s. lead ther ys non except in ii gutters the which the p’or hath convey’d in to ye town, but that is ſuar yt is metely wodey’d in hege rowys.
      2. (reflexive, intransitive) To hide behind trees.
        • c. 1586, Sir Ralph Lane, “Lane’s Account of the Englishmen Left in Virginia”, in Henry Sweetser Burrage, editor, Early English and French Voyages: Chiefly from Hakluyt, 1534–1608, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1906, page 246:
          Immediatly, the other boate lying ready with their shot to skoure the place for our hand weapons to lande upon, which was presently done, although the land was very high and steepe, the Savages forthwith quitted the shoare, and betooke themselves to flight: wee landed, and having faire and easily followed for a smal time after them, who had wooded themselves we know not where […]
      3. (transitive) To supply with wood, or get supplies of wood for.
        to wood a steamboat or a locomotive
      4. (intransitive) To take or get a supply of wood.
        • c. 1629, Captain John Smith, chapter XXVII, in The True Travels, Adventures, and Observations of Captain John Smith, volume II, London: Awnsham and John Churchill, published 1704, page 409:
          In this little Iſle of Mevis, more than twenty Years ago, I have remained a great time together, to Wood and Water and refreſh my Men […]
      Translations
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      Etymology 2

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        From Middle English wood, from Old English wōd (“mad, insane”). See the full etymology at wode.

        Alternative forms

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        Adjective

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        wood (comparative wooder, superlative woodest)

        1. (archaic) Mad, insane, crazed.
        Derived terms
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        Translations
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        Etymology 3

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          Back-formation from peckerwood.

          Noun

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          wood (plural woods)

          1. (US, sometimes offensive, chiefly prison slang, of a person) A peckerwood.
            • 1991, Mary E. Pelz, James W. Marquart and Terry Pelz, "Right-Wing Extremism in the Texas Prisons: The Rise and Fall of the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas", The Prison Journal, Winter-Fall 1991:
              He further stated that "I can't remember ever seeing a wood [white inmate] assault a nigger without being provoked".
            • 2009, Brendan Joel Kelly, “Pride vs. Power”, in The Phoenix New Times:
              Other than shout-outs to fellow "woods," I found no references on their record to racism, and after getting to know the members, I think Woodpile's message is the opposite of what the L.A. Times construed it to be — they want to bring hardcore white guys to rap music, rather than alienating anyone of any race.
            • 2011, Christian Workman, Black Boxed: Coming of Age Behind Prison Walls:
              The only thing is, even though there are ways to remain neutral, to just be a wood and not get caught up in the white supremacist gang stuff, you do have to take a side if things get bad.

          Middle English

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          Adjective

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          wood

          1. alternative form of wode (“mad, insane, crazy”)
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