лес
Appearance
See also: лёс and Appendix:Variations of "les"
Belarusian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *lěsъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]лес • (ljes) m inan (genitive ле́су, nominative plural лясы́, genitive plural лясо́ў)
Declension
[edit]Declension of лес (inan hard masc-form accent-c)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | лес ljes |
лясы́ ljasý |
genitive | ле́су ljésu |
лясо́ў ljasóŭ |
dative | ле́су ljésu |
ляса́м ljasám |
accusative | лес ljes |
лясы́ ljasý |
instrumental | ле́сам ljésam |
ляса́мі ljasámi |
locative | ле́се ljésje |
ляса́х ljasáx |
count form | — | ле́сы1 ljésy1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
References
[edit]- “лес” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“hedge, forest”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]лес • (les) m (relational adjective ле́сов, diminutive лесо́к)
- (literary) a large and centuries-old forest
- де́вствени лесове́ ― dévstveni lesové ― virgin/untilled forests
Declension
[edit]Declension of лес
Coordinate terms
[edit]- гора́ (gorá, “forest”) (literally: “highland”)
- орма́н (ormán, “forest”) (dialectal, Turkish borrowing)
- дъбра́ва (dǎbráva, “deciduous forest”)
- гъстала́к (gǎstalák, “thicket”)
- шума́к (šumák, “young forest, grove”)
- шубра́к (šubrák, “thicket”)
- дриба́к (dribák, “thicket”) (dialectal)
- дрезга́ (drezgá, “grove, small forest”) (dialectal)
Derived terms
[edit]- залеся́ pf (zalesjá), залеся́вам impf (zalesjávam, “to afforest”) (causative-iterative)
- залеси́тел (zalesítel, “afforester”) (agent noun)
- обезлеся́ pf (obezlesjá), обезлеся́вам impf (obezlesjávam, “to deforest”) (iterative)
- обезлеси́тел (obezlesítel, “deforester”) (agent noun)
- ле́сник (lésnik), леша́нин (lešánin, “forest dweller”)
- лeсничéй (lesničéj, “ranger, forester”)
- лесниче́йство (lesničéjstvo)
- Лесово (Lesovo), Лешани (Lešani), Лесеница (Lesenica) (toponyms)
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “лес”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “лес”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “лѣсъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 33
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лес¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 367
- “лѣсъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024
Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- лѣсъ (lěs) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic лѣсъ (lěsŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]лес • (les) m inan (genitive ле́са, nominative plural леса́, genitive plural лесо́в, relational adjective лесно́й or лесово́й, diminutive лесо́к)
- forest, woods
- леса́ ― lesá ― woodland, forests
- де́вственный лес ― dévstvennyj les ― virgin forest, primeval forest
- запове́дный лес (zapovédnyj les) means:
- запове́дник ― zapovédnik ― protection forest
- та́йный лес, свяще́нный лес, бо́жий лес (poetic) ― tájnyj les, svjaščénnyj les, bóžij les ― sacred forest, a forest that nobody may enter
- корабе́льный лес ― korabélʹnyj les ― ship timber
- ли́ственный лес ― lístvennyj les ― leaf-bearing forest
- сме́шанный лес ― sméšannyj les ― mixed forest
- тропи́ческий лес ― tropíčeskij les ― rainforest
- хво́йный лес ― xvójnyj les ― coniferous forest
- ча́ща леса ― čášča lesa ― thicket, the depths of forest
- шум леса ― šum lesa ― murmur of the forest
- как в лесу́ (saying) ― kak v lesú ― at sea, lost, disoriented
- кто в лес, кто по дрова́ (proverb) ― kto v les, kto po drová ― (to be) at sixes and sevens (literally, “some go to the forest, some go for firewood”)
- лес ру́бят — ще́пки летя́т (proverb) ― les rúbjat — ščépki letját ― you can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs (literally, “when cutting trees, chips fly”)
- (для него́) э́то тёмный лес (saying, figuratively) ― (dlja nevó) éto tjómnyj les ― it is all Greek (to him), (he is) completely in the dark about it (literally, “this is the dark forest for him”)
- (для него́) э́то дрему́чий лес (saying, figuratively) ― (dlja nevó) éto dremúčij les ― it is all Greek (to him), (he is) completely in the dark about it (literally, “this is the dark forest for him”)
- в лесу́ лю́ди лесеют, а в лю́дях людеют (proverb) ― v lesú ljúdi lesejut, a v ljúdjax ljudejut ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) (literally, “in the forest people become wild, and become people among people”)
- чей лес, того́ и пень (proverb) ― čej les, tovó i penʹ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) (literally, “the man who owns a forest, also owns a stump”)
- Бог и ле́су не сравня́л (saying) ― Box i lésu ne sravnjál ― people are not equal (literally, “God doesn’t even make the forest equal”)
- (only singular) lumber, timber
- (only plural) леса́ scaffolding, scaffold trestle, falsework
- леса́ ― lesá ― scaffolding, scaffold trestle
- (figuratively) much, many, a lot of something (especially high, eminent)
- лес рук ― les ruk ― a forest of hands (in school if nobody wants to answer the teacher’s question, it's used sarcastically, when nobody actually raises a hand, there is no "forest of hands", not a single "tree", i.e. hand)
- лес мачт ― les mačt ― a large number of ships
- лес штыко́в ― les štykóv ― forest of bayonets
Declension
[edit]Declension of лес (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c irreg)
Hyponyms
[edit]- (forest): березня́к (bereznják), бор (bor), дубра́ва (dubráva), е́льник (jélʹnik), пу́ща (púšča), ро́ща (róšča), тайга́ (tajgá), ча́ща (čášča)
Meronyms
[edit]- (forest): опу́шка (opúška)
Derived terms
[edit]- лесово́й (lesovój), ле́ший (léšij), леси́стый (lesístyj)
- лесо́к (lesók)
- ле́сом (lésom)
- лесни́к (lesník), лесни́чий (lesníčij), лесни́чество (lesníčestvo)
- лесни́на (lesnína)
- безлесье (bezlesʹje)
compound words:
- лесово́д (lesovód), лесово́дческий (lesovódčeskij)
- лесово́дство (lesovódstvo), лесово́дственный (lesovódstvennyj)
- лесово́з (lesovóz)
- лесовозвраще́ние (lesovozvraščénije)
- лесовозобновле́ние (lesovozobnovlénije)
- лесозаво́д (lesozavód)
- лесозагото́вка (lesozagotóvka), лесозаготови́тельный (lesozagotovítelʹnyj)
- лесозащи́та (lesozaščíta), лесозащи́тный (lesozaščítnyj)
- лесоинжене́рный (lesoinženérnyj)
- лесока́тка (lesokátka)
- лесоматериа́л (lesomateriál)
- лесомелиора́ция (lesomeliorácija), лесомелиорати́вный (lesomelioratívnyj)
- лесонасажде́ние (lesonasaždénije)
- лесообраба́тывающий (lesoobrabátyvajuščij)
- лесоохране́ние (lesooxranénije)
- лесопа́рк (lesopárk)
- лесопи́лка (lesopílka), лесопи́льня (lesopílʹnja), лесопи́льный (lesopílʹnyj)
- лесопито́мник (lesopitómnik)
- лесопоса́дки (lesoposádki), лесопоса́дочный (lesoposádočnyj)
- лесопромы́шленник (lesopromýšlennik)
- лесоразрабо́тка (lesorazrabótka)
- лесору́б (lesorúb)
- лесосе́ка (lesoséka)
- лесоспла́в (lesospláv)
- лесоспу́ск (lesospúsk)
- лесосте́пь (lesostépʹ), лесостепно́й (lesostepnój)
- лесосуши́лка (lesosušílka)
- лесота́ска (lesotáska)
- лесотехни́ческий (lesotexníčeskij)
- лесоту́ндра (lesotúndra), лесоту́ндровый (lesotúndrovyj)
- лесоустро́йство (lesoustrójstvo)
- лесохи́мия (lesoxímija), лесохими́ческий (lesoximíčeskij)
- лесоэ́кспорт (lesoéksport)
- лесхо́з (lesxóz)
See also
[edit]- де́рево (dérevo)
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“tree, forest”).
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]ле̑с m (Latin spelling lȇs)
Declension
[edit]Declension of лес
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]ле̑с m (Latin spelling lȇs)
Categories:
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian terms with audio pronunciation
- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian nouns
- Belarusian masculine nouns
- Belarusian inanimate nouns
- Belarusian hard masculine-form nouns
- Belarusian hard masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Belarusian nouns with accent pattern c
- be:Nature
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian nouns
- Bulgarian masculine nouns
- Bulgarian literary terms
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- bg:Forests
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Russian/es
- Rhymes:Russian/es/1 syllable
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern c
- Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а
- Russian irregular nouns
- Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural
- Russian nouns with partitive singular
- Russian nouns with locative singular
- ru:Forests
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German
- sh:Geology
- sh:Building materials
- sh:Burial
- sh:Forests