гора

See also: горя, ropa, Appendix:Variations of "gora", and Appendix:Variations of "hora"

Belarusian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *goře. Related to гарэ́ць (harécʹ, “to burn, to be consumed by fire”). Cognates include Russian го́ре (góre), Ukrainian го́ре (hóre).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɣora]

Noun

го́ра • (hóra) n inan (genitive го́ра, uncountable)

1. (uncountable) grief, distress, sadness
2. (uncountable) trouble
3. (uncountable) misfortune, disaster

Declension

Declension of го́ра (inan sg-only hard neut-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	го́ра hóra
genitive	го́ра hóra
dative	го́ру hóru
accusative	го́ра hóra
instrumental	го́рам hóram
locative	го́ры hóry

References

• “гора” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

гора

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡoˈra]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ra
• Syllabification^(key): го‧ра

Noun

гора́ • (gorá) f (relational adjective го́рски, diminutive гори́ца or гори́чка, augmentative гори́ще)

1. wood, forest, woods
2. (obsolete, used in names) mountain

   Synonym: планина́ (planiná)

   Сре́дна гора́ ― Srédna gorá ― Sredna Gora (literally, “Middle Mountain”)

Declension

Declension of гора́

	singular	plural
indefinite	гора́ gorá	гори́ gorí
definite	гора́та goráta	гори́те goríte
vocative form	го́ро góro	гори́ gorí

References

• “гора”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “гора”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гора́”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 264

Anagrams

• агро- (agro-), арго (argo), рога (roga)

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɔɾa]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: го‧ра

Noun

гора • (gora) f (plural гори, relational adjective горски, diminutive горичка or горица)

1. forest

   Synonym: шума f (šuma)

2. (archaic) mountain

   Synonym: планина f (planina)

Declension

Declension of гора

	singular	plural
indefinite	гора (gora)	гори (gori)
definite unspecified	гората (gorata)	горите (gorite)
definite proximal	горава (gorava)	гориве (gorive)
definite distal	горана (gorana)	горине (gorine)
vocative	горо (goro)	гори (gori)

Derived terms

• Гора f (Gora)
• горица f (gorica)
• горичка f (gorička)
• горјанин m (gorjanin)
• горјанка f (gorjanka)
• горјански (gorjanski)
• горски (gorski)
• подгорјанин m (podgorjanin)
• подгорјанка f (podgorjanka)
• подгорје n (podgorje)
• предгорје n (predgorje)
• развигор m (razvigor)
• развигора f (razvigora)
• развигорец m (razvigorec)
• развигорче n (razvigorče)
• Скопска Црна Гора f (Skopska Crna Gora)
• Црна Гора f (Crna Gora)

Related terms

• горе (gore)
• горе-долу (gore-dolu)
• горедолу (goredolu)
• горен (goren)
• згора (zgora)
• нагоре (nagore)
• нагорен (nagoren)
• нагорнина f (nagornina)
• нагорница f (nagornica)
• најгоре (najgore)
• наугоре (naugore)
• наугорен (naugoren)
• наугорниште n (naugornište)
• одгоре (odgore)
• одозгора (odozgora)
• озгора (ozgora)
• погоре (pogore)
• пругоре (prugore)
• пругорен (prugoren)
• пругорнина f (prugornina)
• пругорница f (prugornica)
• пругорниште n (prugornište)
• угоре (ugore)
• угоре-удолу (ugore-udolu)
• угорен (ugoren)
• угорнина f (ugornina)
• угорнинка f (ugorninka)
• угорница f (ugornica)
• угорничав (ugorničav)
• угорничиште n (ugorničište)
• угорниште n (ugornište)

References

• “гора” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Old Church Slavonic

Рила Блъгарїѩ горꙑ ѥсть ⁙

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ.

Noun

гора • (gora) f

1. mountain
   • from Vita Methodii, 0700300-0700310:

     а тꙑ любиши гороу вельми, то не мози горꙑ ради оставити оучениꙗ своѥго, паче бо можеши кꙑмь съпасенъ бꙑти.

     a ty ljubiši goru velĭmi, to ne mozi gory radi ostaviti učenija svojego, pače bo možeši kymĭ sŭpasenŭ byti.

     Though you have great love for the mountain, still leave not your teaching for the mountain’s sake, for you can sooner be saved through it.

Declension

Declension of гора (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	гора gora	горѣ gorě	горꙑ gory
genitive	горꙑ gory	гороу goru	горъ gorŭ
dative	горѣ gorě	горама gorama	горамъ goramŭ
accusative	горѫ gorǫ	горѣ gorě	горꙑ gory
instrumental	гороѭ gorojǫ	горама gorama	горами gorami
locative	горѣ gorě	гороу goru	горахъ goraxŭ
vocative	горо goro	горѣ gorě	горꙑ gory

Derived terms

• горьнъ (gorĭnŭ)
• горьнь (gorĭnĭ)
• горьши (gorĭši)
• горѣ (gorě)

References

• Nikolić, Svetozar (1989), Staroslovenski jezik: Pravopis, glasovi, oblici, Beograd

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɔˈrɑ/→/ɡɔˈra/→/ɡɔˈra/

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ɡɔˈrɑ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ɡɔˈra/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ɡɔˈra/

• Hyphenation: го‧ра

Noun

гора (gora) f

1. mountain

Declension

Declension of гора (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	гора gora	горѣ gorě	горꙑ gory
genitive	горꙑ gory	гору goru	горъ gorŭ
dative	горѣ gorě	горама gorama	горамъ goramŭ
accusative	горѫ gorǫ	горѣ gorě	горꙑ gory
instrumental	гороѭ gorojǫ	горама gorama	горами gorami
locative	горѣ gorě	гору goru	горахъ goraxŭ
vocative	горо goro	горѣ gorě	горꙑ gory

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak hora, from Proto-Slavic *gora. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn гора́ (horá) and Slovak hora.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦɔra]
• Rhymes: -ɔra
• Hyphenation: го‧ра

Noun

гора (hora) f (relational adjective горски)

1. mountain

   за седем горами ― za sedem horami ― very far (literally, “beyond seven mountains”)

Declension

Declension of гора (hora)

	singular	plural
nominative	гора (hora)	гори (hori)
genitive	гори (hori)	горох (horox)
dative	гори (hori)	гором (horom)
accusative	гору (horu)	гори (hori)
instrumental	гору (horu)	горами (horami)
locative	гори (hori)	горох (horox)
vocative	горо (horo)	гори (hori)

Related terms

adjectives

• горнї (hornji)

adverbs

• горе (hore)

nouns

• горец m pers (horec)
• горяк m pers (horjak)
• загорє n (zahorje)
• медзигорє n (medzihorje)
• подгорє n (podhorje)
• предгорє n (predhorje)
• пригорє n (prihorje)

prepositions

• горе (hore)

proper nouns

• Горняк m pers (Hornjak)
• Чарна Гора f (Čarna Hora)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “гора”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “mountain”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 184

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡɐˈra]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Saint Petersburg):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a

Noun

гора́ • (gorá) f inan (genitive горы́, nominative plural го́ры, genitive plural гор, relational adjective го́рный or го́рский, diminutive го́рка or гору́шка)

1. mountain

   в го́ру ― v góru ― uphill

   по́д гору ― pód goru ― downhill

2. heap, pile

Declension

Declension of гора́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-fʹ) 

	singular	plural
nominative	гора́ gorá	го́ры góry
genitive	горы́ gorý	го́р gór
dative	горе́ goré	гора́м gorám
accusative	го́ру góru	го́ры góry
instrumental	горо́й, горо́ю gorój, goróju	гора́ми gorámi
prepositional	горе́ goré	гора́х goráx

Pre-reform declension of гора́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-fʹ) 

	singular	plural
nominative	гора́ gorá	го́ры góry
genitive	горы́ gorý	го́ръ gór
dative	горѣ́ gorě́	гора́мъ gorám
accusative	го́ру góru	го́ры góry
instrumental	горо́й, горо́ю gorój, goróju	гора́ми gorámi
prepositional	горѣ́ gorě́	гора́хъ goráx

Derived terms

• в го́ру (v góru)
• взго́рье n (vzgórʹje)
• го́рец m anim (górec)
• гори́стый (gorístyj)
• го́рка f (górka)
• го́рний (górnij)
• горня́к m anim (gornják)
• на-гора́ (na-gorá)
• наго́рный (nagórnyj)
• наго́рье n (nagórʹje)
• предго́рье n (predgórʹje)
• приго́рок m (prigórok)

Compound words:

• плоского́рье n (ploskogórʹje)

Compounds:

• златы́е го́ры pl (zlatýje góry)

Proverbs

• е́сли гора́ не идёт к Магоме́ту, то Магоме́т идёт к горе́ (jésli gorá ne idjót k Magométu, to Magomét idjót k goré)

Related terms

• го́рница f (górnica), го́ренка f (górenka)

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “гора”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡǒra/
• Hyphenation: го‧ра

Noun

го̀ра f (Latin spelling gòra)

1. mountain
2. (regional, Croatia) hill, highland
3. (by extension, Croatia) forest, woods (forested hilly area)

Declension

Declension of гора

	singular	plural
nominative	го̀ра	горе
genitive	горе	го́ра̄
dative	гори	горама
accusative	гору	горе
vocative	го̏ро	горе
locative	гори	горама
instrumental	гором	горама

Derived terms

• го̀рскӣ

Further reading

• “гора”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Ukrainian

Гове́рла — найви́ща гора́ Украї́ни.

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Ukrainian *гора f (*hora, “a mountain”), from Old East Slavic гора f (gora, “a mountain”), from Proto-Slavic *gorà f (“a mountain”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ f (“a forest”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷorH-eh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɦɔˈra]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: го‧ра́

Noun

гора́ • (horá) f inan (genitive гори́, nominative plural го́ри, genitive plural гір, relational adjective гірни́й or гірськи́й or горови́й, diminutive гі́рка)

1. mountain

Declension

Declension of гора́
(inan hard fem-form accent-d о-і)

	singular	plural
nominative	гора́ horá	го́ри hóry
genitive	гори́ horý	гір hir
dative	горі́ horí	го́рам hóram
accusative	го́ру hóru	го́ри hóry
instrumental	горо́ю horóju	го́рами hóramy
locative	горі́ horí	го́рах hórax
vocative	го́ро hóro	го́ри hóry

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “гора”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “гора”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[1]