Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gora

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Noun

*gorà f

1. mountain
2. hill
3. any mountainous elevation (covered in forests)

Declension

Declension of *gorà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gorà	*gȍrě	*gȍry
genitive	*gorý	*gorù	*gòrъ
dative	*gorě̀	*goràma	*goràmъ
accusative	*gȍrǫ	*gȍrě	*gȍry
instrumental	*gorojǫ́	*goràma	*goràmi
locative	*gȍrě	*gorù	*goràsъ, *goràxъ*
vocative	*goro	*gȍrě	*gȍry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

• *gorakъ
• *goraľь
• *gorěnъ, *gor'an(in)ъ
• *gorica
• *gorьnъ
  • *gorьnakъ
  • *gorьnica
• *gorьskъ
• *gorovitъ
• *gorъka
• *gorũnъ
• *nagorьcь
• *nagorьje
• *nagorьnъ
  • *nagorьnikъ
• *nagorъ
  • *nagorъka
• *orzgorьje
• *otъgorьnъ, *otъgorьnь

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гора (gora)
    • Old Ruthenian: гора́ (horá)
      • Belarusian: гара́ (hará)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: гора́ (horá)
      • Ukrainian: гора́ (horá)
    • Russian: гора́ (gorá)
  • Old Novgorodian: гора (gora)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: гора (gora)

    Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱃⰰ (gora)

    • Bulgarian: гора́ (gorá)
      • → Megleno-Romanian: goră
    • Macedonian: гора (gora)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: го̀ра

    Latin script: gòra

  • Slovene: góra (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hora, hóra
    • Czech: hora, hůra (dialectal)
  • Old Polish: góra
    • Polish: góra
    • Silesian: gōra
  • Old Slovak: hora, hôra, hura
    • Pannonian Rusyn: гора (hora)
    • Slovak: hora
  • Polabian: ďöră
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: góra
    • Slovincian: góra
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: góra
    • Upper Sorbian: hora

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “гора́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 203
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gora”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 29
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гора́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress