по

See also: По and Appendix:Variations of "po"

Bulgarian

Pronunciation 1

• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /po/

Preposition

по • (po)

1. used to indicate movement over a surface or movement bound to certain limits (usually continuous or repeating in time), on, over, through, along

   Вървя по улицата. — Vǎrvja po ulicata. — I am walking on the street.

2. introducing the object of a targeted action or for an action related to certain state, on, over, for

   Потупaх го по рамото. — Potupah go po ramoto. — I tapped him on the shoulder.

   Ударих го по главата. — Udarih go po glavata. — I hit him on/over the head.

   Тъгувам по лятото. — Tǎguvam po ljatoto. — I long for the summer.

3. in conjunction with countable nouns for price or quantity, expressing quantity, expressing distribution, by

   По евро за книга. — Po evro za kniga. — A euro for a book.

   Двама по двама. — Dvama po dvama. — Two by two.

   Тичам по малко (всеки ден). — Tičam po malko (vseki den). — I am running a little (every day).

4. expressing approximate time

   По обед. — Po obed. — Around lunchtime.

   По Коледа. — Po Koleda. — Around Christmas.

5. used to describe attire, with ... on

   Ходя по чорапи. — Hodja po čorapi. — I am walking with my socks on.

6. used to indicate means, by, via, on

   Пращам го по автобус. — Praštam go po avtobus. — I am sending it by bus.

   Пращам го по въздушна поща. — Praštam go po vǎzdušna pošta. — I am sending it via airmail.

   Говоря по телефона. — Govorja po telefona. — I am talking on the phone.

7. indicating an activity or it's domain, of

   Учител по история. — Učitel po istorija. — History teacher.

   Факултет по физика. — Fakultet po fizika. — Faculty of physics.

8. according to, based on, by, of

   Съдя го по външността му. — Sǎdja go po vǎnšnostta mu. — I am judging him by his appearance.

   Работя по усмотрение. — Rabotja po usmotrenie. — I work of my own accord.

9. used to indicate cause, by

   Пропуснато е по погрешка. — Propusnato e po pogreška. — It is missed by mistake.

   По негова вина закъснях. — Po negova vina zakǎsnjah. — It is his fault I was late.

10. used to indicate direction, along

    Плувам по течението. — Pluvam po tečenieto. — I am swimming along the current.

    Ходя по пътеката. — Hodja po pǎtekata. — I am walking along the path.

Pronunciation 2

• (stressed) IPA^(key): /pɔ/

Particle

по • (po)

1. used as a prefix to form comparative for adjectives and adverbs, more

   Корабите са по-бавни от самолетите. — Korabite sa po-bavni ot samoletite. — Ships are slower than airplanes.

   Този филм е по-интересен. — Tozi film e po-interesen. — This film is more interesting.

   Трябва да ходя по-бързо. — Trjabva da hodja po-bǎrzo. — I should walk faster.

пò • (pó)

1. used for nouns, verbs and other parts of speech to form a comparative, more

   Пò я обичам! — Pò ja običam! — I love her more!

   Той е пò юнак от теб. — Toj e pò junak ot teb. — He is more of a hero than you.

2. used before prepositions to form a comparative, more

   Областта е пò на север. — Oblastta e pò na sever. — The region is more northwards.

See also

• повече

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Macedonian

Preposition

по • (po)

1. after

   Ќе се вратат по вечерата.

   They'll return after dinner.

2. on (movement along a surface)

   Одам по улицата.

   I'm walking on the street.

3. by (distributive)

   Влезете еден по еден.

   Enter one by one.

4. times

   Два по два е четири.

   Two times two is four.

5. (colloquial) according to

   По тебе, што ќе се случи следно?

   According to you, what's going to happen next?

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Nenets

Noun

по

1. year

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Old Church Slavonic

Preposition

по • (po)

1. along
2. on
3. after
4. by

References

• Mali staroslavensko-hrvatski rječnik, Matica hrvatska, Zagreb, 2004

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Russian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *po.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /po/

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

по (po)

1. with accusative case
   1. up to
   2. till
   3. indicates distribution (with numbers other than one, a thousand, a million, a billion)

      по́ два (две) / по две́сти — pó dva (dve) / po dvésti — two / two hundred each

2. with dative case
   1. along
   2. over
   3. on
   4. according to
   5. indicates the direct object of some verbs of striking or hitting

      нанести́ уда́р по я́дерным объе́ктам Ира́на — nanestí udár po jádernym obʺjéktam Irána — to launch a strike at Iran's nuclear ambitions

   6. indicates repetition of time
   7. indicates distribution (with numbers one, a thousand, a million, a billion)

      по одному́ (одно́й) / по ты́сяче / по миллио́ну / по миллиа́рду — po odnomú (odnój) / po týsjače / po milliónu / po milliárdu — one / a thousand / a million / a billion each

3. with prepositional case
   1. after
   2. for

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From пол, from Proto-Slavic *polъ. See по-.

Alternative forms

• по̑л

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pôː/

Adverb

по̑ (Latin spelling pȏ)

1. half

   сат и по — hour and a half

   четири и по — four thirty

   чов(ј)ек и по — an excellent man

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)po.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pô/

Preposition

по̏ (Latin spelling pȍ)

1. (with accusative) for

   отићи по мл(иј)еко — to go and get the milk

   по ц(иј)ели дан — all day long

   по шести пут — for the sixth time

   бити штетан по некога/нешто — to be harmful for sb/sth

   добро/лоше по њега — good/bad for him

2. (with locative) over, through, across, in, on

   ударити по глави — to hit on the head

   сн(иј)ег је пао по цести — snow fell on the road

   вода се пролила по поду — water spilled over the floor

   шетати по шуми — to walk in the woods

3. (with locative) by, with (using an intermediary)

   послао сам му пакет по заједничком пријатељу — I've sent him a package with a common friend

4. (with locative) by, according to

   све иде по плану — everything is going according to the plan

   по глави становника — per capita

   жив(ј)ети по принципима — to live according to principles

   по мом(е) мишљењу — in my opinion

   по мом рачуну — by my reckoning

   по мени — in my opinion; as far as I'm concerned

   по зраку/води — by air/water

   по запов(иј)еди — by order

   свирати по слуху — to play by the ear

   судити по вањштини — to judge by appearance

5. (with locative) after

   по свршетку сукоба — after (the end of) the conflict

6. (with locative) during

   по киши/сунцу — in the rain/sun

   по дану — during the day

7. (with locative) in miscellaneous senses in various phrasal constructs

   разум(иј)е се (само) по себи — it goes without saying

   нека буде по твоме — let it be your way

   Америка је прва држава по богатству у св(иј)ету — America is the richest country in the world

   једнак по величини — equal in size

   све је по старом — everything is/goes in the accustomed/usual manner

   по обичају — as usual, according to custom

   по вр(иј)едности — in value

   по свој прилици — in all likelihood

   по роду — by birth

   по нарави/природи — in nature

   по тој ц(иј)ени — at this price

   по параграфу 13 — under section 13

   по што по то — by all means

   по могућности — if possible

   по реду — in order, one after another

   по мом укусу — (according) to my taste

   по квалитети — by quality

   по томе — according to this/that, accordingly, consequently, then

   по закону — according to the law, by the law

   по дуљини — lengthwise

Etymology 3

Particle

по (Latin spelling po)

1. (with accusative or nominative) denoting distribution and succession

   попили смо сви по чашицу ракије — we all drank a glass of rakija

   корак по корак — step by step

   један по један — one by one

   мало по мало — little by little

   сви смо добили по јабуку — each of us received an apple

References

• “по” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “по” in Hrvatski jezični portal

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Tajik

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”), cognates include Sanskrit पद् (pad), Latin pes (French pied), German Fuß, English foot.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔː/

Noun

Dari	پا
Iranian Persian	پا
Tajik	по (po)

по • (po)

1. leg, foot

See also

• пой (poy) (poy)