год
Belarusian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Belarusian годъ (hod), from Old East Slavic годъ (godŭ), from Proto-Slavic *godъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]год • (hod) m inan (genitive го́да or го́ду, nominative plural гады́, genitive plural гадо́ў)
- year (time it takes for the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun)
- Synonym: (obsolete) рок (rok)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | год hod |
гады́ hadý |
genitive | го́да, го́ду hóda, hódu |
гадо́ў hadóŭ |
dative | го́ду hódu |
гада́м hadám |
accusative | год hod |
гады́ hadý |
instrumental | го́дам hódam |
гада́мі hadámi |
locative | го́дзе hódzje |
гада́х hadáx |
count form | — | гады́1 hadý1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
Derived terms
[edit]- (periods of years): дзесяціго́ддзе (dzjesjacihóddzje), дваццаціго́ддзе (dvaccacihóddzje), трыццаціго́ддзе (tryccacihóddzje), саракаго́ддзе (sarakahóddzje), пяцідзесяціго́ддзе (pjacidzjesjacihóddzje), шасцідзесяціго́ддзе (šascidzjesjacihóddzje), сямідзесяціго́ддзе (sjamidzjesjacihóddzje), васьмідзесяціго́ддзе (vasʹmidzjesjacihóddzje), дзевяностаго́ддзе (dzjevjanostahóddzje), стаго́ддзе (stahóddzje)
References
[edit]- “год” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
Komi-Permyak
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian год (god).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]год • (god)
Declension
[edit]Declension of год (stem: год-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | год (god) | годдэз (goddez) | |
accusative | I* | год (god) | годдэз (goddez) |
II* | годӧс (godös) | годдэзӧс (goddezös) | |
instrumental | годӧн (godön) | годдэзӧн (goddezön) | |
comitative | годкӧт (godköt) | годдэзкӧт (goddezköt) | |
caritive | годтӧг (godtög) | годдэзтӧг (goddeztög) | |
consecutive | годла (godla) | годдэзла (goddezla) | |
genitive | годлӧн (godlön) | годдэзлӧн (goddezlön) | |
ablative | годлісь (godliś) | годдэзлісь (goddezliś) | |
dative | годлӧ (godlö) | годдэзлӧ (goddezlö) | |
inessive | годын (godyn) | годдэзын (goddezyn) | |
elative | годісь (godiś) | годдэзісь (goddeziś) | |
illative | годӧ (godö) | годдэзӧ (goddezö) | |
egressive | годсянь (godśań) | годдэзсянь (goddezśań) | |
approximative | годлань (godlań) | годдэзлань (goddezlań) | |
terminative | I | годӧдз (godödź) | годдэзӧдз (goddezödź) |
II | годви (godvi) | годдэзви (goddezvi) | |
prolative | годӧт (godöt) | годдэзӧт (goddezöt) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
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References
[edit]- P. S. Kuznecov, A. M. Sporova (1946) “год”, in Русско-Коми-Пермяцкӧй словарь [Russian-Komi-Permyak dictionary], Kudymkar: Комипермгиз
- G. I. Nemtinova, V. V. Fedoseeva, L. F. Yarkova (1993) “год”, in V. N. Kokoleva, editor, Коми-пермяцко-русский русско-коми-пермяцкий словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian Russian-Komi-Permyak dictionary], Kudymkar: Коми-Пермяцкӧй книжнӧй издательство
Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- годъ (god) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
[edit]From Old East Slavic годъ (godŭ, “time, period, year, age”), from Proto-Slavic *godъ (“suitable time”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰodʰo-, from *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, be suitable”).
Cognates include Ukrainian годі (hodi, “enough”), Bulgarian годе (gode, “ever”) (as in кой-годе (koj-gode) = whoever), Czech hod, Polish gody (“yearly feast”), Upper Sorbian hody (“Christmas”), Lower Sorbian gódy (“Christmas”), Latvian gadigs.
Germanic cognates include German Gatte (“husband”), gätlich (“convenient”), Dutch gegade, gade, gading, Dutch gader, goed, German gut, as well as English gather, together and good.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]год • (god) m inan (genitive го́да, nominative plural го́ды or года́ or лета́, genitive plural годо́в or лет, relational adjective годи́чный, diminutive го́дик or годо́к)
- year
- из го́да в год ― iz góda v god ― year in and year out, from year to year
- в э́том году́ ― v étom godú ― this year
- года́ми ― godámi ― for years; for years on end
- девяно́стые го́ды ― devjanóstyje gódy ― the '90s
- уче́бный год ― učébnyj god ― school year; academic year
- Но́вый год ― Nóvyj god ― New Year’s Day
- Ему́ два́дцать оди́н год. ― Jemú dvádcatʹ odín god. ― He is 21 years old.
- Ему́ два́дцать три го́да. ― Jemú dvádcatʹ tri góda. ― He is 23 years old.
- Ему́ два́дцать пять лет. ― Jemú dvádcatʹ pjatʹ let. ― He is 25 years old.
- ты́сяча девятьсо́т девяно́сто второ́й год ― týsjača devjatʹsót devjanósto vtorój god ― (year) 1992 (in words)
- две ты́сячи оди́ннадцатый год ― dve týsjači odínnadcatyj god ― (year) 2011 (in words)
- с ка́ждым го́дом ― s káždym gódom ― from year to year, year by year, year after year
Usage notes
[edit]- When the genitive plural is needed after a (cardinal) number, the word лет (let) (the genitive plural of лето (leto), meaning summer) is used instead of годо́в (godóv). This applies to numbers whose names do not end in оди́н (odín) (1), два (dva) (2), три (tri) (3), or четы́ре (četýre) (4) when in nominative, genitive, or accusative case (so this includes numbers like 114 whose name in Russian does not end in четы́ре), as well as to numbers ending in два (dva), три (tri), or четы́ре (četýre) in genitive case.
- To put this in another way, when a number should be followed by a nominative or genitive singular, the appropriate form of год (god) is used. When a number should be followed by a genitive plural, the form лет (let) is used. When the number is in the dative, instrumental, or prepositional case, the appropriate form of год (god) must be used. Examples: оди́н год (nominative singular), два го́да (genitive singular), три го́да (genitive singular), пять лет (genitive plural); but бо́льше трёх лет (genitive plural), бо́льше пяти́ лет (genitive plural); and пяти́ года́м (dative plural), пятью́ года́ми (instrumental plural), o пяти́ года́х (prepositional plural).
- When used with an ordinal number, the above rules don't apply, and one simply uses the non-suppletive form of год. For example, В нача́ле девяно́стых годо́в ("At the beginning of the '90s")
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | го́д gód |
го́ды, года́△, лета́△ gódy, godá△, letá△ |
genitive | го́да góda |
годо́в, ле́т△ godóv, lét△ |
dative | го́ду gódu |
года́м, лета́м△ godám, letám△ |
accusative | го́д gód |
го́ды, года́△, лета́△ gódy, godá△, letá△ |
instrumental | го́дом gódom |
года́ми, лета́ми△ godámi, letámi△ |
prepositional | го́де góde |
года́х, лета́х△ godáx, letáx△ |
partitive | го́ду gódu |
|
locative | в году́ v godú |
△ Irregular.
Derived terms
[edit]- вы́года (výgoda)
- годи́на (godína)
- годи́ться (godítʹsja)
- го́дный (gódnyj)
- годова́лый (godovályj)
- годово́й (godovój)
- годовщи́на (godovščína)
- пого́да (pogóda)
- уго́да (ugóda)
Descendants
[edit]- → Komi-Permyak: год (god)
See also
[edit]- ле́то (léto)
References
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “год”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “год”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 198
- The template Template:R:orv:Sreznevsky does not use the parameter(s):
page=537
vol=1 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893–1912) “годъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments][1] (in Russian), volume, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences
Anagrams
[edit]- дог (dog)
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *godъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-. Cognate with Slovene god, Old Church Slavonic годъ (godŭ), Russian год (god).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]го̑д m (Latin spelling gȏd)
- name day
- anniversary, holiday
- ring (on a tree)
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Particle
[edit]год (Latin spelling god)
- generalization particle
- (т)ко год — whoever
- што год — whatever
- шта год — whatever
- какав год — of whatever kind
- колики год — of whatever size
- који год — whichever
- кад год — whenever
- чији год — whosoever
- како год хоћеш — however you want it, however you wish
- колико год (да) кошта, желим га — whatever it costs, I want it
Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic годъ (godŭ, “time, period, year, age”), from Proto-Slavic *godъ (“suitable time”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰodʰo-, from *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, be suitable”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]год • (hod) m inan (genitive го́ду, nominative plural го́ди, genitive plural год or го́дів)
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “год”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “год”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “год”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Belarusian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰedʰ-
- Belarusian terms inherited from Old Belarusian
- Belarusian terms derived from Old Belarusian
- Belarusian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian terms with audio pronunciation
- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian nouns
- Belarusian masculine nouns
- Belarusian inanimate nouns
- be:Time
- Komi-Permyak terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Komi-Permyak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Komi-Permyak terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Komi-Permyak terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Komi-Permyak terms borrowed from Russian
- Komi-Permyak terms derived from Russian
- Komi-Permyak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Komi-Permyak lemmas
- Komi-Permyak nouns
- koi:Time
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰedʰ-
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian terms with homophones
- Rhymes:Russian/ot
- Rhymes:Russian/ot/1 syllable
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian nouns with multiple argument sets
- Russian nouns with multiple declensions
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-e nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern e
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern c
- Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а
- Russian nouns with irregular plural stem
- Russian nouns with alternative genitive plural
- Russian nouns with multiple accent patterns
- Russian irregular nouns
- Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural
- Russian nouns with irregular genitive plural
- Russian nouns with irregular dative plural
- Russian nouns with irregular instrumental plural
- Russian nouns with irregular prepositional plural
- Russian nouns with partitive singular
- Russian nouns with locative singular
- Russian suppletive nouns
- ru:Time
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian particles
- sh:Calendar
- sh:Trees
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian nouns
- Ukrainian masculine nouns
- Ukrainian inanimate nouns
- Ukrainian dialectal terms
- Ukrainian colloquialisms
- Ukrainian poetic terms
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a