штык
Appearance
Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- штыкъ (štyk) — pre-1918 spelling
Etymology
[edit]Attested since ca. 1706. Borrowed from Polish sztych directly and/or through Old Ruthenian штыхъ (štyx, “sharp point”), even though the difference in Auslaut seems unexplained.
Compare natively formed Czech bodák (akin to бода́ть (bodátʹ), note бо́день (bódenʹ), боде́ц (bodéc), listed by Dahl).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]штык • (štyk) m inan (genitive штыка́, nominative plural штыки́, genitive plural штыко́в, relational adjective штыково́й)
- bayonet
- Synonym: (historical) багине́т (baginét)
- Примкну́ть штыки́! ― Primknútʹ štykí! ― Fix bayonets!
- (military, dated) foot soldier, infantryman (as a counting unit of military strength; see also са́бля (sáblja) and ша́шка (šáška))
- blade (of a spade)
- (agriculture, archaeology) a spade's depth (of soil)
- на шты́к ― na štýk ― a spade deep
- (nautical) a type of knot
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- в штыки́ (v štykí)
- как штык (kak štyk), быть как штык impf (bytʹ kak štyk)
- на штыка́х (na štykáx)
- полушты́к m (poluštýk)
- штыково́й (štykovój), штыкова́я f (štykovája)
- штыко́вый (štykóvyj)
Compound words:
- сабля-штык f (sablja-štyk)
- штык-болт m (štyk-bolt)
- штык-нож m (štyk-nož)
Compounds:
- восприня́ть в штыки pf (vosprinjátʹ v štyki), воспринима́ть в штыки impf (vosprinimátʹ v štyki)
Phrases:
- пу́ля ду́ра, штык молоде́ц (púlja dúra, štyk molodéc)
See also
[edit]- штык-ю́нкер m anim (štyk-júnker) (etymologically unrelated)
Further reading
[edit]- Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “штык”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
Categories:
- Russian terms borrowed from Polish
- Russian terms derived from Polish
- Russian terms derived from Old Ruthenian
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Russian/ɨk
- Rhymes:Russian/ɨk/1 syllable
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian terms with usage examples
- ru:Military
- Russian dated terms
- ru:Agriculture
- ru:Archaeology
- Russian terms with collocations
- ru:Nautical
- Russian velar-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian velar-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern b
- ru:Weapons
