шум

See also: шӱм and Appendix:Variations of "sum"

Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʂum]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, nominative plural шу́мы, genitive plural шу́маў)

1. noise

Declension

Declension of шум (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	шум šum	шу́мы šúmy
genitive	шу́му šúmu	шу́маў šúmaw
dative	шу́му šúmu	шу́мам šúmam
accusative	шум šum	шу́мы šúmy
instrumental	шу́мам šúmam	шу́мамі šúmami
locative	шу́ме šúmje	шу́мах šúmax
count form	—	шу́мы1 šúmy1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃu̟m]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -um

Noun

шум • (šum) m

1. noise, sound, noisiness
2. (medicine) murmur (as in cardiac murmur)
3. (figuratively) stir, to-do, fuss, tumult

Declension

Declension of шум

	singular	plural
indefinite	шум šum	шу́мове šúmove
definite (subject form)	шумъ́т šumǎ́t	шу́мовете šúmovete
definite (object form)	шума́ šumá
count form	—	шу́ма šúma

Komi-Yazva

Шум.

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *šöm. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian шом (šom), Komi-Permyak шом (šom) and Udmurt шум (šum).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʃum/, [ˈʃ̺um]
• Rhymes: -um
• Hyphenation: шум

Noun

шум (šum)

1. coal

   Synonym: угөль (ugåľ)

References

• V. I. Lytkin (1961), Коми-язьвинский диалект [The Komi-Yazva dialect] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Издательство Академии наук СССР, page 200

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃum]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -um

Noun

шум • (šum) m

1. noise

Declension

Declension of шум

	singular	plural
indefinite	шум (šum)	шумови (šumovi)
definite unspecified	шумот (šumot)	шумовите (šumovite)
definite proximal	шумов (šumov)	шумовиве (šumovive)
definite distal	шумон (šumon)	шумовине (šumovine)
vocative	шуму (šumu)	шумови (šumovi)
count form	—	шума (šuma)

Derived terms

• шум на срце m (šum na srce)

Related terms

• шумлив (šumliv)
• шуми impf (šumi), шумка impf (šumka), шумоли impf (šumoli)

Russian

Alternative forms

• шумъ (šum) — pre-1918 spelling

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʂum]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Saint Petersburg):

  (file)

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́ма, nominative plural шу́мы or шумы́^*, genitive plural шу́мов or шумо́в^*, relational adjective шумово́й, diminutive шумо́к) (* Professional usage.)

1. noise, radio static
2. sound, murmur
3. uproar, din, blare, clamour, hubbub
4. whirr
5. sensation, stir, bustle

Declension

Declension of шум (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a/c) 

	singular	plural
nominative	шу́м šúm	шу́мы, шумы́* šúmy, šumý*
genitive	шу́ма šúma	шу́мов, шумо́в* šúmov, šumóv*
dative	шу́му šúmu	шу́мам, шума́м* šúmam, šumám*
accusative	шу́м šúm	шу́мы, шумы́* šúmy, šumý*
instrumental	шу́мом šúmom	шу́мами, шума́ми* šúmami, šumámi*
prepositional	шу́ме šúme	шу́мах, шума́х* šúmax, šumáx*
partitive	шу́му šúmu

^* Professional usage.

Derived terms

• бесшу́мный (besšúmnyj)
• под шумо́к (pod šumók)
• шуми́ха f (šumíxa)
• шумли́вый (šumlívyj)
• шу́мный (šúmnyj)
  • шумнова́тый (šumnovátyj)
• шумови́к m anim (šumovík)

Compound words:

• шумо- (šumo-)
• • шумозащи́тный (šumozaščítnyj)
  • шумоизоля́ция f (šumoizoljácija)
  • шумоме́р m (šumomér)
  • шумоподавле́ние n (šumopodavlénije)
• From шумово́й (šumovój):
  • светошумово́й (svetošumovój)

Compounds:

• без шу́ма и пы́ли (bez šúma i pýli)
• бе́лый шум m (bélyj šum)
• наде́лать шу́му pf (nadélatʹ šúmu)
• подня́ть шум pf (podnjátʹ šum), поднима́ть шум impf (podnimátʹ šum) (подыма́ть шум impf (podymátʹ šum))
• шум и гам (šum i gam)

Related terms

• шуме́ть impf (šumétʹ)

Collocations

• шум в уша́х (šum v ušáx)
• шум дождя́ (šum doždjá)
• шум ле́са (šum lésa)
• шум у́лицы (šum úlicy)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: šumu

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “шум”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “шум”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 428
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “шум”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
• Krylov, G. A. (2004), “шум”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “шум”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃûːm/

Noun

шу̑м m inan (Latin spelling šȗm)

1. noise (sound or signal generated by random fluctuations)

Declension

Declension of шум

	singular	plural
nominative	шу̑м	шу́мови
genitive	шума	шумова
dative	шуму	шумовима
accusative	шум	шумове
vocative	шуме	шумови
locative	шуму	шумовима
instrumental	шумом	шумовима

Derived terms

• шу̑ман
• шу́ме̄ћӣ
• шу́мити
• шу́мјети
• шу̑мнӣк
• шу̑мно
• шу̏мор

Further reading

• “шум”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃum]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, nominative plural шу́ми, genitive plural шу́мів)

1. noise

Declension

Declension of шум
(inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	шум šum	шу́ми šúmy
genitive	шу́му šúmu	шу́мів šúmiv
dative	шу́мові, шу́му šúmovi, šúmu	шу́мам šúmam
accusative	шум šum	шу́ми šúmy
instrumental	шу́мом šúmom	шу́мами šúmamy
locative	шу́мі šúmi	шу́мах šúmax
vocative	шу́ме šúme	шу́ми šúmy

Derived terms

• шу́мний (šúmnyj)
• шумли́вий (šumlývyj)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle High German schūm, from Old High German scūm, from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz. Cognate with English scum, German Schaum.

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, uncountable)

1. foam, froth

   Synonyms: пі́на (pína), пі́нка (pínka)

2. (rare) whirlpool

   Synonyms: коловоро́т (kolovorót), вир (vyr)

Declension

Declension of шум
(inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	шум šum
genitive	шу́му šúmu
dative	шу́мові, шу́му šúmovi, šúmu
accusative	шум šum
instrumental	шу́мом šúmom
locative	шу́му, шу́мі šúmu, šúmi
vocative	шу́ме šúme

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šuma.

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, uncountable)

1. (archaic) forest, woods

   Synonym: ліс (lis)

2. A traditional Ukrainian dance.

Declension

Declension of шум
(inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	шум šum
genitive	шу́му šúmu
dative	шу́мові, шу́му šúmovi, šúmu
accusative	шум šum
instrumental	шу́мом šúmom
locative	шу́му, шу́мі šúmu, šúmi
vocative	шу́ме šúme

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “шум”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “шум”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “шум”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “шум”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)