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flesh

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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From Middle English flesh, flesch, flæsch, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

Cognates

Cognate with Yola vleash, vlesh (“flesh”), North Frisian flaasch, flaosk, Fleesk, fleäsk, floask, flääsk, flååsch (“flesh, meat”), Saterland Frisian Flaask (“flesh, meat”), West Frisian fleis (“flesh, meat”), Cimbrian blòas, vlaisch, vlòas (“flesh, meat”), Dutch vlees, vleesch (“flesh, meat”), German Fleisch (“flesh, meat”), German Low German and Luxembourgish Fleesch (“flesh, meat”), Vilamovian fłaś (“meat; muscle”), Yiddish פֿלייש (fleysh, “flesh, meat”), Danish flæsk (“pork; bacon”), Faroese, Icelandic, and Norwegian Nynorsk flesk (“pork; bacon”), Swedish fläsk (“pork”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /flɛʃ/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛʃ

Noun

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flesh (usually uncountable, plural fleshes)

  2. The soft tissue of the body, especially muscle and fat.
    • 1918, Fannie Farmer, Boston Cooking-School Cook Book, Chapter XVII: Poultry and Game:
      The flesh of chicken, fowl, and turkey has much shorter fibre than that of ruminating animals, and is not intermingled with fat,—the fat always being found in layers directly under the skin, and surrounding the intestines.
  3. The skin of a human or animal.
  4. (by extension) Bare arms, bare legs, bare torso.
  5. Animal tissue regarded as food; meat (but sometimes excluding fish).
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “ij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XV:
      Thenne syr launcelot sayd / fader what shalle I do / Now sayd the good man / I requyre yow take this hayre that was this holy mans and putte it nexte thy skynne / and it shalle preuaylle the gretely / syr and I wille doo hit sayd sir launcelot / Also I charge you that ye ete no flesshe as longe as ye be in the quest of the sancgreal / nor ye shalle drynke noo wyne / and that ye here masse dayly and ye may doo hit
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1530 January 27 (Gregorian calendar), W[illiam] T[yndale], transl., [The Pentateuch] (Tyndale Bible), Malborow [Marburg], Hesse: […] Hans Luft [actually Antwerp: Johan Hoochstraten], →OCLC, Leuiticus vij:[19–21], folio XI, verso:
      The fleſh that twycheth any vnclene thinge ſhall not be eaten. but burnt with fire: and all that be clene in their fleſh, maye eate fleſh. Yf any ſoule eate of the fleſh of the peaceofferynges, that pertayne vnto the Lorde and hys vnclenneſſe yet apon him, the ſame ſoule ſhall periſſhe from amonge his peoole.[sic] Moreouer yf a ſoule twych any vnclene thinge, whether it be the vnclenneſſe of man or of any vnclene beeſt or any abhominacion that is vnclene: ãd thẽ eate of the fleſh of the peaceoffrynges whiche pertayne vnto the Lord, that ſoule ſhall periſſh from his people.
    • 2018 May 8, Raj Patel, Jason W Moore, “How the chicken nugget became the true symbol of our era”, in The Guardian:
      Chicken is already the most popular meat in the US, and is projected to be the planet’s favourite flesh by 2020.
  6. The human body as a physical entity.
    • 1530 January 27 (Gregorian calendar), W[illiam] T[yndale], transl., [The Pentateuch] (Tyndale Bible), Malborow [Marburg], Hesse: […] Hans Luft [actually Antwerp: Johan Hoochstraten], →OCLC, Leuiticus vj:[10], folio IX, recto:
      And the preaſt ſhall put on his lynen albe and his lynen breches apon his fleſh, and take awaye the aſſhes whiche the fire of the burntſacrifice in the altare hath made, and put them beſyde the alter, […]
    • 1986 February 15, Michael Bronski, “Carl Wittman: An Activist's Life”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 31, page 7:
      In my political/cultural mythology Carl remained this larger-than-life figure […] But knowing Carl, the fantasy made flesh, was a different experience. The keen mind that wrote "A Gay Manifesto" was even more perceptive and challenging in real life.
  7. (religion) The mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.
  8. (religion) The evil and corrupting principle working in man.
  9. The soft, often edible, parts of fruits or vegetables.
    • 2003, Diana Beresford-Kroeger, Arboretum America: A Philosophy of the Forest, page 81:
      The flesh of black walnuts was a protein-packed winter food carefully hoarded in tall, stilted buildings.
  10. (obsolete) Tenderness of feeling; gentleness.
  11. (obsolete) Kindred; stock; race.
  12. A yellowish pink color; the color of some Caucasian human skin.
    • 2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 243:
      She opened [...] a third that was the peachy white that crayon companies used to call “flesh”.
    flesh:  

Synonyms

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Translations

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body tissue
human body entity
(religion) mortal body
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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flesh (third-person singular simple present fleshes, present participle fleshing, simple past and past participle fleshed)

  1. (transitive) To reward (a hound, bird of prey etc.) with flesh of the animal killed, to excite it for further hunting; to train (an animal) to have an appetite for flesh.
  2. (transitive) To bury (something, especially a weapon) in flesh.
    • 1933, Robert E. Howard, The Scarlet Citadel:
      Give me a clean sword and a clean foe to flesh it in.
  3. (obsolete) To inure or habituate someone in or to a given practice. [16th–18th c.]
  4. (transitive) To glut.
  5. (transitive) To put flesh on; to fatten.
  6. To remove the flesh from the skin during the making of leather.

Translations

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Derived terms

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Terms derived from the noun or verb flesh

See also

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Anagrams

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /flɛːʃ/, /flɛʃ/

Noun

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flesh (uncountable)

  1. flesh (especially that of a mammal)
  2. (Christianity, theology) A communion wafer
  3. (anatomy) A muscle
  4. meat, flesh for consumption
  5. A human or being
  6. The body, physical existence, nature (especially that of a human)
  7. sexual intercourse, copulation

Usage notes

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Much like with English fish, this word is a collective noun, but can be pluralised to refer to different meats.

Descendants

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  • English: flesh
  • Scots: flesch
  • Yola: vleash, vlesh

References

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