Jump to content

身

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
身 U+8EAB, 身
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8EAB
← 躪
[U+8EAA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 躬 →
[U+8EAC]
⾝ U+2F9D, ⾝
KANGXI RADICAL BODY
← ⾜
[U+2F9C] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾞ →
[U+2F9E]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
7 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 158 身

身 (Kangxi radical 158, 身+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹難竹 (HXH), four-corner 27400)

  1. Kangxi radical #158, ⾝.

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1237, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38034
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1709, character 36
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3807, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8EAB

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 身
simp. # 身
2nd round simp. ⿻㇒力
alternative forms 𡰬
𨊘

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 身
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (身) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
身 *qʰjin
銵 *kʰriːŋ

Pictogram (象形): from a pictograph of a pregnant woman. See also the reversed version 㐆. Unrelated to 射.

Etymology 1

[edit]

STEDT relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n ~ *sin (“flesh; animal; body”), but recent Old Chinese reconstructions would not support this etymology.

Because 身 is used as a phonetic for 仁 (OC *niŋ) in excavated texts, Baxter and Sagart (2012, 2014) reconstruct the initial as nasal. This would allow for a comparison to Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart”), Japhug tɯsni (“heart”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2012; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019), which are from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-niŋ (“heart; mind; brain”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • sin - literary;
  • sian - vernacular (as classifier).
Note:
  • sing1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • sêng1 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 身
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʂən²¹/
/sən²¹/
Jinan /ʂẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʃə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂən²⁴/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²¹/
Xining /ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂən³¹/
Hefei /ʂən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sen³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /ɕian¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən³³/
Xiangtan /sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sən⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʃen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn⁵³/
Nanning /sɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sin⁵⁵/
/sian⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /seiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /siŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tin²³/
Rime
Character 身
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 失人切
Baxter syin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕin/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 身
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*n̥i[ŋ]/
English body; self

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 身
Reading # 1/1
No. 11247
Phonetic
component 		身
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		申
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰjin/
Notes 甲金文象人鼓其腹，
表其身有孕，非申聲

Definitions

[edit]

身

  1. (anatomy) body
  2. (figurative) body; main part
    機身／机身  ―  jīshēn  ―  fuselage
    杯身  ―  bēishēn  ―  body of a cup
  3. oneself
    身不由己  ―  shēnbùyóujǐ  ―  in spite of oneself
  4. in person; personally
    以身試法／以身试法  ―  yǐshēnshìfǎ  ―  to challenge the law personally
  5. I; me
  6. life; one's (entire) life
    終身／终身  ―  zhōngshēn  ―  lifelong
    身後／身后  ―  shēnhòu  ―  time after death
  7. social status
    出身不凡  ―  chūshēn bùfán  ―  to be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth
    身敗名裂／身败名裂  ―  shēnbàimíngliè  ―  to have lost all standing and reputation
  8. moral character
    修身、齊家、治國、平天下 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
    修身、齐家、治国、平天下 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
    xiūshēn, qíjiā, zhìguó, píngtiānxià [Pinyin]
    to cultivate one's moral character, put one's own house in order, run the country well and let peace prevail on earth
    潔身自好／洁身自好  ―  jiéshēnzìhào  ―  to keep one’s integrity and/or chastity
  9. Classifier for suits of clothes.
  10. (euphemistic) pregnancy
    Synonyms: 身子 (shēnzi), 身孕 (shēnyùn)
  11. (literary or Southern Min, Puxian Min) Classifier for statues, dolls, puppets.
  12. (Southern Min) Classifier for silkworms.
  13. (Cantonese, idiomatic) Classifier for beatings.

Synonyms

[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 身體 (“body”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 身體
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 身體, 身子
Taiwan 身體
Chifeng 身體, 身子
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 身體
Harbin 身體, 身子
Shenyang 身體, 身子
Singapore 身體
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 身子
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 身子
Tangshan 身體, 身子
Cangzhou 身子, 身子骨兒
Baoding 身子
Shijiazhuang 身子
Jinan 身體, 身子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 身體, 身子
Qingdao 身子, 身板骨兒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 身體, 身子
Zhengzhou 身
Xi'an 身體, 身子
Xining 身體, 身子
Xuzhou 身子, 身體
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 身子
Lanzhou 身子, 體子
Ürümqi 身體, 身子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 身體
Chongqing 身體, 身子
Wuhan 身體, 身子
Guiyang 身體, 身子
Kunming 身體, 身子
Guilin 身子, 身體
Liuzhou 身子, 身體
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 身體, 身子
Yangzhou 身子
Nantong 身子
Hefei 身體, 身子
Cantonese Guangzhou 身, 身子
Hong Kong 身
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 身體
Macau 身
Guangzhou (Panyu) 身
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 身
Guangzhou (Conghua) 身
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 身
Foshan 身
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 身
Foshan (Shunde) 身
Foshan (Sanshui) 身
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 身
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 身
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 身
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 身
Zhuhai (Doumen) 身
Jiangmen (Baisha) 身
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 身
Taishan 身
Kaiping (Chikan) 身
Enping (Niujiang) 身
Heshan (Yayao) 身體
Dongguan 身, 身體
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 身
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 身
Qingyuan 身
Fogang 身
Yingde (Hanguang) 身
Yangshan 身
Lianshan (Butian) 身體
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 身
Shaoguan 身
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 身體
Renhua 身
Lechang 身
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 身
Sihui 身體
Guangning 身體, 身
Deqing 身
Huaiji 身
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 身
Yunfu 身
Xinxing 身
Luoding 身
Yunan (Pingtai) 身
Yangjiang 身體, 身子
Xinyi 身
Maoming (Xinpo) 身
Lianjiang 身
Beihai 身體
Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) 身體
Singapore (Guangfu) 身
Gan Lichuan 身體
Hakka Meixian 身仔, 身體
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 身體
Dongguan (Qingxi) 完身
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 完身
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 身
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 身體, 完身
Wuhua (Huacheng) 身體
Wuhua (Changbu) 完身
Wuhua (Mianyang) 完身
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 身
Jiexi 膚身
Luhe 身體
Yudu 身體
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 圓身
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 圓身
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 膴身
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 圓身, 圍身
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 膴身
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 膴身
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 膚身
Singkawang 膚身
Huizhou Jixi 身體
Shexian 身體
Jin Taiyuan 身體, 身子
Xinzhou 身子, 身體, 身得, 身坯得
Linhe 身子
Jining 身體
Hohhot 身體, 身子
Zhangjiakou 身體, 身子
Handan 身體, 身子
Eastern Min Fuzhou 身, 身體
Fuzhou (Changle) 身
Fuqing 身體
Yongtai 完身
Gutian 完身
Pingnan 完身
Fu'an 完身
Ningde 完身
Xiapu 完身
Zherong 身體
Shouning 完身, 身體
Zhouning 完身
Fuding 身體
Southern Min Xiamen 身軀
Xiamen (Tong'an) 身軀
Quanzhou 身軀
Zhangzhou 身軀
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 渾身, 渾軀
Zhao'an 身體
Taipei 身軀
New Taipei (Sanxia) 身軀
Kaohsiung 身軀
Yilan 身軀
Changhua (Lukang) 身軀
Taichung 身軀
Taichung (Wuqi) 身軀
Tainan 身軀
Taitung 身軀
Hsinchu 身軀
Kinmen 身軀
Penghu (Magong) 身軀
Penang (Hokkien) 身軀
Singapore (Hokkien) 身軀
Manila (Hokkien) 身軀
Pingnan (Shangdu) 身體
Shantou 身體
Leizhou 身軀
Haikou 身體
Puxian Min Fuding (Aoyao) 身軀
Central Min Yong'an 完身
Sanming (Sanyuan) 完身
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 身
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 身
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 身
Wu Shanghai 身體, 身子
Shanghai (Chongming) 身體
Suzhou 身體
Danyang 身體
Hangzhou 身體
Ningbo 身體
Wenzhou 身體
Xiang Changsha 身子
Hengyang 身子

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (身):
  • → Vietnamese: thân (身)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

身

  1. only used in 身毒 (Juāndú)

Compounds

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
身

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. body
    Synonym: 体
  2. identity

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
  • Kun: み (mi, 身, Jōyō)、む (mu, 身)、むくろ (mukuro, 身)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
身
み
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *muy. Cognate with 実 (mi, “seed, fruit, offspring”).[1]

Standalone form of mu below. See also the etymology of 神 (kami, kamu).

Compare Korean 몸 (mom, “body”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

身(み) • (mi) 

  1. a body; (by extension):
    1. the main part of something
      1. the blade of a sword (as opposed to the handle)
      2. meat, flesh (as opposed to skin and bone)
      3. wood (as opposed to the bark)
    2. oneself
    3. one's position, one's social standing, one's circumstances
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
身
む
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Bound form of mi above, only found in compounds.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

身(む) • (mu) 

  1. (only in compounds) a body
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
身
むくろ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of 身(む) (mu, “body”, bound form of standalone mi) + くろ (kuro). The derivation of the kuro element is uncertain, but it might be an alteration or ancient form of 幹(から) (kara, “trunk, main part”).[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

身(むくろ) • (mukuro) 

  1. a living body
    • 720, 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki, “Chronicles of Japan”), Volume 7, in the section on 景行天皇 (Keikō-tennō, Emperor Keikō):
      身體長大
      人(ひと)となり、むくろ長(たか)く大(おお)きにして
      hitotonari, mukuro takaku ōki ni shite
      His personality and body were lofty and great
  2. 躯, 骸: a dead body, a corpse
    • 14th century, 太平記 (Taiheiki):
      御首(おんくび)は敷皮(しきかは)の上(うえ)に落(お)ちて質(むくろ)は尚(なほ)坐(ざ)せるが如(ごと)し
      onkubi wa shikikawa no ue ni ochite mukuro wa naozaseru ga gotoshi
      The head fell onto the hide rug, and the corpse looked as if it were sitting straight...
  3. a rotten tree trunk
Synonyms
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
身
しん
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 身 (syin, “body, self”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

身(しん) • (shin) 

  1. a body
Usage notes
[edit]

Seldom used on its own. In isolation, the reading mi is much more common.

Derived terms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 身 (MC syin). Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

身 (eumhun 몸 신 (mom sin))

  1. hanja form? of 신 (“body”)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

身: Hán Nôm readings: thân

  1. chữ Hán form of thân (“torso”)

Compounds

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=身&oldid=85022633"