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鼓

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 皼
鼓 U+9F13, 鼓
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F13
← 鼒
[U+9F12] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鼔 →
[U+9F14]
⿎ U+2FCE, ⿎
KANGXI RADICAL DRUM
← ⿍
[U+2FCD] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿏ →
[U+2FCF]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 207 鼓

鼓 (Kangxi radical 207, 鼓+0, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土廿十水 (GTJE), four-corner 44147, composition ⿰壴支)

  1. Kangxi radical #207, ⿎.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1526, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2061, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4763, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9F13

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 鼓
2nd round simp. 壴
alternative forms
鼔
皷
𡔷
𪔐
𪔨
鼔
皷
𡔷
𪔐
𪔨
𪔎
𩉨
𩉲
𩉩
𩊉
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 鼓
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (鼓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
皷 *kʷaːʔ
鼓 *kʷaːʔ
瞽 *kʷaːʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 壴 (“drum”) + 支 (“hand holding drumstick”). Compare 殸. See also the right component of 段.

Etymology

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Area word; compare Proto-Tai *klɔŋᴬ (“drum”), Saek [script needed] (tlɔɔŋᴬ¹), Proto-Hlai *laŋ¹ (“drum”), Proto-Wa (*kloʔ, "bronze-drum") (Schuessler, 2007).

瞽 (OC *kʷaːʔ, “blind man; musician”) is a derivative.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 鼓
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 公戸切
Baxter kuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kuoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kuoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/koX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɔX/
Li
Rong 		/koX/
Wang
Li 		/kuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gu2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鼓
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁaʔ/
English drum (n. & v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鼓
Reading # 1/1
No. 4337
Phonetic
component 		鼓
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		古
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷaːʔ/
Notes 亦同皷
鼓

Definitions

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鼓

  1. (music) drum (Classifier: 面 m)
    鼓手  ―  gǔshǒu  ―  drummer
  2. to drum; to beat a drum
  3. (literary) to play; to perform; to sound (a musical instrument)
  4. to beat; to clap
    鼓掌  ―  gǔzhǎng  ―  to clap hands
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to blast hot air for smelting
  6. to incite; to encourage
    鼓勵／鼓励  ―  gǔlì  ―  to encourage
  7. to protrude; to bulge
  8. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (drum): (Hakka) 鼓仔
  • (to protrude):

Hypernyms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (鼓):
  • → Japanese: 鼓(こ) (ko)
  • → Korean: 고(鼓) (go)
  • → Vietnamese: cổ (鼓)

(Others):

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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鼓

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. drum

Readings

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  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
  • Kun: つづみ (tsuzumi, 鼓, Jōyō)←つづみ (tudumi, つづみ, historical)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
鼓
つづみ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

/tudumi1/ → /tudumi/ → /t͡sud͡zumi/ → /t͡suzumi/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *tuntumi. Related to Okinawan 鼓 (chijin).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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鼓(つづみ) • (tsuzumi) 

  1. generic name for musical instruments with a leather head that can be struck.
  2. a tsuzumi, hand drum with leather heads at both ends, used in Japanese traditional performing arts:
    1. a 小鼓 (kotsuzumi)
    2. an 大鼓 (ōtsuzumi)
  3. a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), like the leather head of a tsuzumi

Proper noun

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鼓(つずみ) • (Tsuzumi) 

  1. a surname

Proper noun

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鼓(つづみ) • (Tsuzumi) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2

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Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

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鼓(つつみ) • (Tsutsumi) 

  1. a surname

Proper noun

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鼓(ひびき) • (Hibiki) 

  1. a female given name
    from 響き (hibiki, “echo”)

References

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  1. ^ “鼓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

鼓 (eumhun 북 고 (buk go))

  1. hanja form? of 고 (“drum”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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鼓: Hán Nôm readings: cổ

  1. chữ Hán form of cổ (“drum”).

Compounds

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