凸

See also: 凹

凸 U+51F8, 凸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51F8 ← 凷 [U+51F7] CJK Unified Ideographs 凹 → [U+51F9]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

凸 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+3, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 月尸尸 (BSS), four-corner 7777₇, composition ⿵⿰⿳丨一丨㇎一)

Derived characters

• 𠱂, 𱖖, 𢫋, 𫥷, 𰄓, 𰄗, 𰄖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1809
• Dae Jaweon: page 301, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 307, character 6
• Unihan data for U+51F8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		凸

Glyph origin

Pictogram (象形).

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to 突?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tū, tú, dié (tu¹, tu², die²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ, ㄊㄨˊ, ㄉㄧㄝˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dat⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu̍t
• Eastern Min (BUC): tū / dŏk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t / thu̍t / thuh

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dug⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tū
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tu
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu¹
    • Yale: tū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tu
    • Palladius: ту (tu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tú
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tú
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu²
    • Yale: tú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
    • Palladius: ту (tu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dié
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dié
    • Wade–Giles: tieh²
    • Yale: dyé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
    • Palladius: де (de)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dat⁶
    • Yale: daht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ded⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: tud
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tud⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tū / dŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³³/, /touʔ⁵/

Note:

• tū - colloquial;
• dŏk - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: tu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dut
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tut̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: thu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tut
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰut̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰut̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰut̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thuh
    • Tâi-lô: thuh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tuq
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /tʰuʔ⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dug⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tu̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuk̚⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: dwot, det

Rime
Character	凸	凸
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	沒 (56)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	陀骨切	徒結切
Baxter	dwot	det
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duət̚/	/det̚/
Pan Wuyun	/duot̚/	/det̚/
Shao Rongfen	/duət̚/	/dɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dwət̚/	/dɛt̚/
Li Rong	/duət̚/	/det̚/
Wang Li	/duət̚/	/diet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱuət̚/	/dʱiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dú	dié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	deot6	dit6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*dɯːd/, /*duːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凸	凸
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12482	12483
Phonetic component	凸	凸
Rime group	物	物
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	姪	突
Old Chinese	/*dɯːd/	/*duːd/
Notes		突晚起分化字

Definitions

凸

1. protruding; sticking out

   凸現／凸现  ―  tūxiàn  ―  to appear distinctly

2. convex

   凸鏡／凸镜  ―  tūjìng  ―  convex mirror

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “convex”): 凹 (āo, “concave”)

Compounds

• 凸出 (tūchū)
• 凹凸 (āotū)
• 凹凸不平 (āotūbùpíng)
• 凹凸有致 (āotūyǒuzhì)
• 凸岸
• 凸版 (tūbǎn)
• 凸版印刷
• 凸狀 / 凸状
• 凸起 (tūqǐ)
• 凸輪 / 凸轮 (tūlún)
• 凸透鏡 / 凸透镜 (tūtòujìng)
• 凸面鏡 / 凸面镜 (tūmiànjìng)
• 凸額 / 凸额 (tū'é)
• 凸顯 / 凸显 (tūxiǎn)
• 凸點 / 凸点
• 挺胸凸肚
• 海凸
• 激凸 (jītū)
• 照相凸版

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǔ (gu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
    • Wade–Giles: ku³
    • Yale: gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
    • Palladius: гу (gu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gu²
    • Yale: gú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵/

Definitions

凸

1. alternative form of 鼓 (gǔ, “to protrude”)

Japanese

Kanji

凸

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: とち (tochi)
• Kan-on: とつ (totsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: でこ (deko, 凸)、つばくむ (tsubakumu, 凸む)

Compounds

• 凹(おう)凸(とつ) (ōtotsu): bumpy, uneven
• 凸(でこ)凹(ぼこ) (dekoboko): bumpy, uneven
• 凸(とっ)版(ぱん) (toppan): letterpress, relief printing

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
凸
とつ Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 凸 (MC dwot).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [to̞t͡sɨ]
• (Tokyo) とつ [tóꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])

Adjective

凸(とつ) • (totsu) -na (adnominal 凸(とつ)な (totsu na), adverbial 凸(とつ)に (totsu ni))

1. convex

Inflection

Inflection of 凸

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	凸だろ	とつだろ	totsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	凸で	とつで	totsu de
Terminal (終止形)	凸だ	とつだ	totsu da
Attributive (連体形)	凸な	とつな	totsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	凸なら	とつなら	totsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	凸であれ	とつであれ	totsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	凸ではない 凸じゃない	とつではない とつじゃない	totsu de wa nai totsu ja nai
Informal past	凸だった	とつだった	totsu datta
Informal negative past	凸ではなかった 凸じゃなかった	とつではなかった とつじゃなかった	totsu de wa nakatta totsu ja nakatta
Formal	凸です	とつです	totsu desu
Formal negative	凸ではありません 凸じゃありません	とつではありません とつじゃありません	totsu de wa arimasen totsu ja arimasen
Formal past	凸でした	とつでした	totsu deshita
Formal negative past	凸ではありませんでした 凸じゃありませんでした	とつではありませんでした とつじゃありませんでした	totsu de wa arimasen deshita totsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	凸で	とつで	totsu de
Conditional	凸なら（ば）	とつなら（ば）	totsu nara (ba)
Provisional	凸だったら	とつだったら	totsu dattara
Volitional	凸だろう	とつだろう	totsu darō
Adverbial	凸に	とつに	totsu ni
Degree	凸さ	とつさ	totsusa

Noun

凸(とつ) • (totsu) 

1. (Internet slang) attack

   Synonym: 突撃

2. (slang, video games, chiefly gacha games and social games) a character's awakening level in the corresponding awakening system; the awakening in the corresponding awakening system.
3. (slang, video games, chiefly gacha games and social games) a weapons's refinement level in the corresponding refinement system; the refinement in the corresponding refinement system.

Derived terms

• 凸る
• 完凸
• 無凸

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
凸
でこ Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 凸 – see the following entry.

【でこ】 [noun] forehead

(This term, 凸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

凸 (eumhun 볼록하다 철 (bollokhada cheol))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

凸: Nôm readings: trồi
凸: Hán Nôm readings: đột

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.