convex

English

Top: a spoon with its convex side up.
Bottom: a spoon with its concave side up.

A convex set. For any points x and y within the set, the connecting line lies within the set.

A convex polygon.

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French convexe, from Latin convexus (“arched”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒn.vɛks/

  • Audio (UK)

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑn.vɛks/
• The noun was often stressed on the second syllable by early writers, such as Milton, and occasionally by later poets.

Adjective

convex (comparative more convex, superlative most convex)

1. Curved or bowed outward like the outside of a bowl, circle, or sphere.
   • 1837, William Whewell, “Earliest Stages of Astronomy”, in History of the Inductive Sciences, from the Earliest to the Present Times. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […]; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: J. and J. J. Deighton, OCLC 1112872753, book III (History of Greek Astronomy), section 9 (The Globular Form of the Earth), page 150:

     [D]rops of water naturally form themselves into figures with a convex surface; […]

2. (functional analysis, not comparable, of a real-valued function on the reals) having an epigraph which is a convex set.
3. (geometry, not comparable, of a polygon) having no internal angles greater than 180 degrees.
4. (mathematics, not comparable, of a set in Euclidean space) arranged such that for any two points in the set, a straight line between the two points is contained within the set.

Antonyms

• concave

Derived terms

• biconvex
• concavo-convex
• convex combination
• convexedly
• convex function
• convex hull
• convexification
• convexify
• convexity
• convex lens
• convexly
• convexness
• convexoconcave
• convexoconvex
• convexoplane
• convex set
• double-convex
• equiconvex
• hyperconvex
• nonconvex
• planoconvex
• plano-convex
• polyconvex
• pseudoconvex
• quasiconvex
• semiconvex
• subconvex

 

Translations

curved or bowed outward like the outside of a bowl, circle, or sphere

• Armenian: ուռուցիկ (hy) (uṙucʿik)
• Asturian: convexu
• Bengali: উত্তল (bn) (uttôl)
• Bulgarian: изпъкнал (bg) (izpǎknal)
• Catalan: convex (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 凸 (zh) (tū)

• Cornish: bothgrom
• Czech: konvexní (cs)
• Danish: konveks
• Dutch: bol (nl)
• Esperanto: malkava, konveksa
• Estonian: kumer
• Finnish: kupera (fi)
• French: convexe (fr)
• Galician: convexo, comba (gl)
• German: konvex (de)
• Greek: κυρτός (el) (kyrtós)

  Ancient: κυρτός (kurtós)

• Hawaiian: ʻeʻemu
• Hebrew: קעור‎ (qa'ur)
• Hindi: उत्तल (uttal), गुंबद (hi) (gumbad), उन्नतोदर (hi) (unnatodar)
• Hungarian: domború (hu), konvex (hu)
• Icelandic: kúptur, ávalur

• Italian: convesso (it)
• Japanese: 凸面 (とつめん, totsumen)
• Kannada: ನಿಮ್ನದರ್ಪಣ (nimnadarpaṇa)
• Korean: 볼록한 (bollokhan)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: qoqiz (ku)

• Latin: convexus
• Lithuanian: išgaubtas
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: konveks (no)

  Nynorsk: konveks

• Occitan: convèx (oc)
• Persian: کوژ‎ (fa)
• Polish: wypukły (pl)
• Portuguese: convexo (pt)
• Russian: вы́пуклый (ru) (výpuklyj)
• Sindhi: گھُٻيل‎ (sd)
• Slovak: konvexný
• Slovene: konveksen (sl)
• Spanish: convexo (es)
• Swedish: konvex (sv)
• Tagalog: malukob
• Thai: นูน (th) (nuun)
• Turkish: konveks (tr), dışbükey (tr)
• Welsh: amgrwm (cy) m, amgrom f

Noun

convex (plural convexes)

1. Any convex body or surface.
   • 1714, Thomas Tickell, Royal Progress

     Half heaven's convex glitters with the flame.

2. (gambling) A playing card made convex for use in cheating.

   Coordinate term: concave

3. (gambling) A small convex mirror used to cheat by observing other players' cards.

   Synonym: shiner

   • 2019, John Philip Quinn, Fools of Fortune; or, Gambling and Gamblers

     Of all the devices for defrauding at poker, the “shiner,” or “convex” […] Modern convexes are also considerably larger than those of former days.

References

• John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “convex”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

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Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin convexus.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /komˈvɛks/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /kumˈbɛks/

Adjective

convex (feminine convexa, masculine plural convexos, feminine plural convexes)

1. convex

Antonyms

• còncau

Related terms

• convexitat

Further reading

• “convex” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French convexe, from Latin convexus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔnˈvɛks/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: con‧vex
• Rhymes: -ɛks

Adjective

convex (comparative convexer, superlative meest convex or convext)

1. convex

   Synonym: bolrond

   Antonym: concaaf

Inflection

Inflection of convex
uninflected	convex
inflected	convexe
comparative	convexer
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		convex	convexer	het convext het convexte
indefinite	m./f. sing.	convexe	convexere	convexte
	n. sing.	convex	convexer	convexte
	plural	convexe	convexere	convexte
definite		convexe	convexere	convexte
partitive		convex	convexers	—

Derived terms

• biconvex
• convexiteit

Descendants

• → Indonesian: konvèks

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Romanian

Etymology

From French convexe, from Latin convexus.

Adjective

convex m or n (feminine singular convexă, masculine plural convecși, feminine and neuter plural convexe)

1. convex

Declension

Declension of convex

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	convex		convexă	convecși	convexe
	definite	convexul		convexa	convecșii	convexele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	convex		convexe	convecși	convexe
	definite	convexului		convexei	convecșilor	convexelor