望

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See also: 朢
望 U+671B, 望
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-671B
← 朚
[U+671A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 朜 →
[U+671C]
Ufa93.svg
望 U+FA93, 望
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA93
← 朗
[U+FA92] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 杖 →
[U+FA94]
望 U+2F8D9, 望
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D9
← 朗
[U+2F8D8] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 朡 →
[U+2F8DA]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes
Japanese 望
Simplified 望
Traditional 望

Alternative forms[edit]

Note that in simplified Chinese and Vietnamese scripts, 亡 is written with an upward hook. In Hong Kong and Taiwan (traditional Chinese script), 月 is written like 夕 with an extra slash below while 王 is written as 𡈼. In China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, the bottom component is written 王. Note that the standard Kangxi form is written ⿱⿰亡月𡈼.

Han character[edit]

望 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜月竹土 (YBHG) or 卜月一土 (YBMG), four-corner 07104, composition ⿱⿰亡月王(GJKV) or ⿱⿰亡⿴𠂊⺀𡈼(HT))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 505, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14368
  • Dae Jaweon: page 884, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2080, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+671B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 望
simp. # 望
alternative forms 朢／望
𦣠 ancient

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 望
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
望-oracle.svg 望-bronze.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
忙 *maːŋ
芒 *maːŋ, *maŋ
茫 *maːŋ
恾 *maːŋ
吂 *maːŋ, *maːŋs
汒 *maːŋ, *maŋs
朚 *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙 *maːŋ, *maŋ
杗 *maːŋ, *maŋ
荒 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs
肓 *hmaːŋ
衁 *hmaːŋ
巟 *hmaːŋ
詤 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ
謊 *hmaːŋʔ
喪 *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ
亡 *maŋ
望 *maŋ, *maŋs
莣 *maŋ
朢 *maŋ, *maŋs
鋩 *maŋ
硭 *maŋ
忘 *maŋ, *maŋs
网 *mlaŋʔ
罔 *mlaŋʔ
蛧 *maŋʔ
網 *mlaŋʔ
輞 *maŋʔ
棢 *maŋʔ
惘 *maŋʔ
菵 *maŋʔ
誷 *maŋʔ
魍 *maŋʔ
妄 *maŋs
盲 *mraːŋ
蝱 *mraːŋ
虻 *mraːŋ
氓 *mraːŋ
甿 *mraːŋ

Originally written 𦣠, an ideogrammic compound (會意): 臣 (“eye”) + 𡈼 (“person standing on the ground”) – a person standing up and looking off into the distance. Later 月 (“moon”) was added to produce 朢.

The 臣 component is now written 亡, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *maŋ, *maŋs): phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 月 + semantic 𡈼.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mraŋ (“to see”). Cognate with Burmese မြင် (mrang).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • mong4 - vernacular;
  • vong4 - literary.
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • bāng - vernacular;
    • bōng - literary.
    Note: bhuang6 - “fame, 15th day in a lunar month”.
    Note:
    • 3maan - vernacular;
    • 3hhuaan - literary.
    Rime
    Character 望 望
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 明 (4) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 陽 (106) 陽 (106)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed Closed
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 武方切 巫放切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mʉɐŋ/ /mʉɐŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mʷiɐŋ/ /mʷiɐŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miuɑŋ/ /miuɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/muaŋ/ /muaŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/miuaŋ/ /miuaŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭwaŋ/ /mĭwaŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/miwaŋ/ /miwaŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wáng wàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		mong4 mong6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 望 望
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wàng wàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjang › ‹ mjangH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*maŋ/ /*maŋ-s/
    English look at from a distance look at from a distance

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 望 望
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 12667 12686
    Phonetic
    component         		亡 亡
    Rime
    group         		陽 陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		亡 妄
    Old
    Chinese         		/*maŋ/ /*maŋs/

    Definitions[edit]

    望

    1. to see; to watch (especially from a distance)
      眺望  ―  tiàowàng  ―  to watch from a vantage point
    2. (chiefly dialectal) to look; to look at
      東張西望／东张西望  ―  dōngzhāngxīwàng  ―  to look around
      我望嚟望去都望唔到喎！ [Cantonese, trad.]
      我望嚟望去都望唔到㖞！ [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 mong6 lai4 mong6 heoi3 dou1 mong6 m4 dou3-2 wo3! [Jyutping]
      I kept looking but I still can't see it!
      望下嗰度！ [Cantonese]  ―  mong6 haa5 go2 dou6! [Jyutping]  ―  Look over there!
      望左 [Cantonese]  ―  mong6 zo2 [Jyutping]  ―  look left (found on roads in Hong Kong)
    3. to gaze at; to stare at
    4. (figuratively) to observe; to watch
      觀望／观望  ―  guānwàng  ―  to observe without taking action
    5. to hope; to expect
      希望  ―  xīwàng  ―  to hope; to wish; to desire
      願望／愿望  ―  yuànwàng  ―  wish; desire
    6. fame; reputation
      名望  ―  míngwàng  ―  fame
      威望  ―  wēiwàng  ―  prestige
    7. location; locality
      郡望  ―  jùnwàng  ―  ancestral home; place of origin (of one's lineage)
      地望  ―  dìwàng  ―  geographical location; geography
    8. (Chinese astronomy) the day or night of the full moon
      朔望月  ―  shuòwàngyuè  ―  synodic month

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 看 (“to look”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 視, 見, 看
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 看
    Mandarin Beijing 看, 瞧, 瞅
    Taiwan 看
    Harbin 看, 瞧
    Yantai (Muping) 看
    Jinan 看
    Wanrong 看
    Xi'an 看
    Xining 看
    Ürümqi 看
    Wuhan 看, 睄, 瞄
    Chengdu 看, 𧢭
    Guiyang 看, 望
    Guilin 看
    Liuzhou 看
    Xuzhou 看, 望
    Yangzhou 看, 望, 瞧
    Nanjing 看, 瞧
    Hefei 看, 望
    Malaysia 看
    Singapore 看
    Cantonese Guangzhou 睇, 望
    Hong Kong 睇, 望
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 睇
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 睇
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 睇
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 睇
    Macau 睇
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 睇
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 睇
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 睇
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 睇
    Foshan 睇
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 睇
    Foshan (Shunde) 睇
    Foshan (Sanshui) 睇
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 睇
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 看
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 睇
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 睇
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 睇
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 睇
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 睇
    Taishan 睇, 望
    Kaiping (Chikan) 睇
    Enping (Niujiang) 睇
    Heshan (Yayao) 睇
    Dongguan 睇
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 睇
    Qingyuan 睇
    Fogang 睇
    Yingde (Hanguang) 睇
    Yangshan 望
    Lianshan (Butian) 看
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 望
    Shaoguan 睇
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 睇
    Renhua 睇
    Lechang 睇
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 睇
    Sihui 睇
    Guangning 睇
    Deqing 睇
    Huaiji 望
    Yunfu 睇
    Xinxing 睇
    Luoding 睇
    Yunan (Pingtai) 睇
    Yangjiang 看, 睇, 瞄
    Xinyi 睇
    Maoming (Xinpo) 睇
    Lianjiang 睇
    Nanning 睇
    Wuzhou 睇
    Yulin 睇
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 看
    Guiping 睇
    Mengshan (Xihe) 看
    Guigang (Nanjiang) 睇
    Beiliu (Tangliao) 睇
    Baise 睇
    Bobai 睇
    Lingshan 看
    Pubei 睇
    Qinzhou 睇
    Beihai 睇
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 睇
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 睇
    Ningming 睇
    Hengxian 睇
    Hezhou (Pumen) 睇
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 睇
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 睇
    Penang (Guangfu) 睇
    Singapore (Guangfu) 睇
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 睇
    Móng Cái 睇
    Gan Nanchang 看, 相, 望
    Lichuan 看
    Pingxiang 看
    Hakka Meixian 看, 睞
    Xingning 看
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 睇
    Huiyang 看
    Huidong (Daling) 看
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 看
    Boluo (Bendihua) 睇
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 看
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 看
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 睇
    Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 睇
    Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 睇
    Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 看, 睇
    Wengyuan 看
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 看
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 看
    Liannan 看
    Conghua (Lütian) 看
    Jiexi 看
    Luhe 看
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 䀴
    Changting 䀴, 望
    Wuping 看
    Wuping (Yanqian) 看
    Wuping (Pingyu) 看
    Liancheng 䀴
    Ninghua 䀴
    Yudu 看, 望
    Ningdu 看
    Ruijin 看
    Shicheng 看
    Shangyou (Shexi) 看
    Tonggu (Sandu) 看
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 看
    Dayu 看
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 看
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 看
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 看, 䀴
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 看, 䀴
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 䀴
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 䀴
    Hong Kong 看
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 看
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 睇
    Xinyi (Sihe) 睇
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 睇, 看
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 睇
    Dianbai (Shalang) 睇, 看
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 看
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 看
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 看
    Mengshan (Xihe) 看
    Luchuan 看
    Senai (Huiyang) 看
    Kuching (Hepo) 看
    Huizhou Jixi 看, 望
    Jin Taiyuan 看, 瞭
    Xinzhou 看
    Min Bei Jian'ou 覷
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 覷
    Songxi 䁐
    Zhenghe 覷
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 覷
    Jianyang 覷
    Wuyishan 覷
    Pucheng (Shibei) 覷
    Min Dong Fuzhou 看, 覷
    Changle, Fujian 覷
    Lianjiang 覷
    Fuqing 覷
    Pingtan 覷
    Yongtai 覷
    Minqing 覷
    Gutian 覷
    Pingnan 看
    Luoyuan 看
    Fu'an 睨
    Ningde 看
    Xiapu 看
    Zherong 看
    Shouning 望
    Zhouning 睨
    Fuding 看
    Matsu 看
    Manjung (Gutian) 看
    Min Nan Xiamen 看
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 看
    Quanzhou 看
    Jinjiang 看
    Nan'an 看
    Shishi 看
    Hui'an 看
    Anxi 看
    Yongchun 看
    Dehua 看
    Zhangzhou 看
    Zhangzhou (Longhai) 看
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 看
    Hua'an 看
    Nanjing 看
    Pinghe 看
    Zhangpu 看
    Yunxiao 看
    Zhao'an 看, 睇
    Dongshan 看
    Taipei 看
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 看
    Gaoxiong 看
    Tainan 看
    Kinmen 看
    Penghu (Magong) 看
    Penang (Hokkien) 看
    Singapore (Hokkien) 看
    Manila (Hokkien) 看
    Medan (Hokkien) 看
    Longyan (Xinluo) 䁐
    Zhangping 看
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 看
    Datian 看
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 看
    Guilin (Biyange) 看
    Chaozhou 睇
    Shantou 睇
    Shantou (Chenghai) 睇
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 睇
    Jieyang 睇
    Lufeng 睇
    Haifeng 睇
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 睇
    Singapore (Teochew) 睇
    Pontianak (Teochew) 睇
    Leizhou 望
    Wenchang 望
    Haikou 望
    Qionghai 望
    Singapore (Hainanese) 望
    Puxian Min Putian 看
    Xianyou 看
    Min Zhong Yong'an 䁐
    Sanyuan 䁐
    Shaxian 䁐
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 望, 覷
    Sanxiang 睇
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 看
    Shehua Fu'an 睇
    Fuding 睇
    Luoyuan 睇
    Sanming 睇
    Shunchang 睇
    Hua'an 睇
    Guixi (Zhangping) 睇
    Cangnan 睇
    Jingning 睇
    Lishui 睇
    Longyou 睇
    Chaozhou 睇
    Fengshun 睇
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 望
    Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 望
    Luxi (Baisha) 望
    Wu Shanghai 看, 望
    Shanghai (Chongming) 看
    Suzhou 看, 望
    Danyang 看, 望
    Hangzhou 看
    Ningbo 看, 相
    Wenzhou 眙, 張
    Jinhua 望
    Xiang Changsha 看
    Loudi 相
    Shuangfeng 看, 相

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 望

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Thai: มอง (mɔɔng, “watch, look”)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 望 U671b-j.svg
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2]
    望󠄁
    望+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)         		U671b-kyu.svg
    望󠄅
    望+&#xE0105;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)         		U671b-kyu2.svg
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    望

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. wish
    2. hope
    3. desire

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    望(のぞむ) • (Nozomu) 

    1. a male given name

    Proper noun[edit]

    望(のぞみ) • (Nozomi) 

    1. a female given name

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 659 (paper), page 342 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
    2. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1092 (paper), page 597 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 望 (MC mʉɐŋH). Recorded as Middle Korean 마ᇰ〯 (mǎng) (Yale: mǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [망(ː)]
      • Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    望 (eumhun 바랄 망 (baral mang))

    1. Hanja form? of 망 (“to desire; to expect; to hope”).
    2. Hanja form? of 망 (“to gaze; to look”).
    3. Hanja form? of 망 (“to admire; to respect”).
    4. Hanja form? of 망 (“to peek; to peep”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    望: Hán Nôm readings: vọng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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