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希望

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

[edit]
to hope; rare; infrequent
hope; expect; to visit
hope; expect; to visit; to gaze (into the distance); look towards; towards
 
trad. (希望) 希 望
simp. #(希望) 希 望

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 希 望 望
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 明 (4) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 微 (20) 陽 (106) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Closed Closed
Division (等) III III III
Fanqie 香衣切 武方切 巫放切
Baxter xj+j mjang mjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨi/ /mʉɐŋ/ /mʉɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hɨi/ /mʷiɐŋ/ /mʷiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xiəi/ /miuɑŋ/ /miuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hɨj/ /muaŋ/ /muaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/xiəi/ /miuaŋ/ /miuaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/xĭəi/ /mĭwaŋ/ /mĭwaŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xe̯i/ /miwaŋ/ /miwaŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xī wáng wàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hei1 mong4 mong6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 希 望 望
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xī wàng wàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjɨj › ‹ mjang › ‹ mjangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰəj/ /*maŋ/ /*maŋ-s/
English thin, sparse look at from a distance look at from a distance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 希 望 望
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
No. 13250 12667 12686
Phonetic
component 		希 亡 亡
Rime
group 		微 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		1 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		希 亡 妄
Old
Chinese 		/*hlɯl/ /*maŋ/ /*maŋs/

Noun

[edit]

希望

  1. hope; wish (feeling of desire for something to happen)
    希望工程  ―  xīwàng gōngchéng  ―  Project Hope
    所有的希望都破滅了。 [MSC, trad.]
    所有的希望都破灭了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Suǒyǒu de xīwàng dōu pòmiè le. [Pinyin]
    All hope was lost.
  2. hope (a person or thing that may help someone)
    你是我唯一的希望。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Nǐ shì wǒ wéiyī de xīwàng. [Pinyin]
    You are my only hope.
    我看不到希望，找不到出路。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ kàn bù dào xīwàng, zhǎo bù dào chūlù. [Pinyin]
    I can't see any hope — and I can't find a way out.

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (hope):

Verb

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希望

  1. to hope; to wish
    希望你明天能來。 [MSC, trad.]
    希望你明天能来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xīwàng nǐ míngtiān néng lái. [Pinyin]
    I hope you can come tomorrow.
    希望沒有讓您等太久。 [MSC, trad.]
    希望没有让您等太久。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xīwàng méiyǒu ràng nín děng tài jiǔ. [Pinyin]
    I hope I didn't make you wait too long.
    希望你一切都好。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Xīwàng nǐ yīqiè dōu hǎo. [Pinyin]
    Wish you all the best.
    希望你能早點好。 [MSC, trad.]
    希望你能早点好。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xīwàng nǐ néng zǎodiǎn hǎo. [Pinyin]
    Get well soon.
    她希望能夠在學術史上留名。 [MSC, trad.]
    她希望能够在学术史上留名。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā xīwàng nénggòu zài xuéshùshǐ shàng liúmíng. [Pinyin]
    She hopes to be able to make a name for herself in the history of scholarship.
  2. (literary) to look up
  3. (literary) to cater to

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (to hope):

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (希望):
  • → Japanese: 希(き)望(ぼう) (kibō)
  • → Korean: 희망(希望) (huimang)
  • → Vietnamese: hi vọng (希望)

Japanese

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
希 望
き
Grade: 4 		ぼう
Grade: 4
kan'on
Alternative spelling
冀望 (rare)

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) きぼー [kìbóó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [kʲibo̞ː]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

[edit]

希(き)望(ぼう) • (kibō) ←きばう (kibau)?

  1. hope (expectations)
    希望(きぼう)を失(うしな)う ― kibō o ushinau ― to lose hope
    希望(きぼう)を与(あた)える ― kibō o ataeru ― to give someone hope
  2. wish; hope; desire
    Synonyms: 願い (negai), 望み (nozomi)
    希望(きぼう)が叶(かな)う ― kibō ga kanau ― a wish comes true
  3. (with ordinals (第)) that which one hopes for
    第一(だいいち)希望(きぼう)の大学(だいがく)
    dai-ichi kibō no daigaku
    first choice for university

Verb

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希(き)望(ぼう)する • (kibō suru) ←きばう (kibau)?transitive suru (stem 希(き)望(ぼう)し (kibō shi), past 希(き)望(ぼう)した (kibō shita))

  1. to wish for; to hope for
    参加(さんか)を希望(きぼう)します。
    Sanka o kibō shimasu.
    I hope for your participation.
Conjugation
[edit]
Conjugation of "希望する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 希望し きぼうし kibō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 希望し きぼうし kibō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 希望する きぼうする kibō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 希望する きぼうする kibō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 希望すれ きぼうすれ kibō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 希望せよ¹
希望しろ² 		きぼうせよ¹
きぼうしろ² 		kibō seyo¹
kibō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 希望される きぼうされる kibō sareru
Causative 希望させる
希望さす 		きぼうさせる
きぼうさす 		kibō saseru
kibō sasu
Potential 希望できる きぼうできる kibō dekiru
Volitional 希望しよう きぼうしよう kibō shiyō
Negative 希望しない きぼうしない kibō shinai
Negative continuative 希望せず きぼうせず kibō sezu
Formal 希望します きぼうします kibō shimasu
Perfective 希望した きぼうした kibō shita
Conjunctive 希望して きぼうして kibō shite
Hypothetical conditional 希望すれば きぼうすれば kibō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Derived terms
[edit]

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Etymology 2

[edit]

Various nanori and irregular readings.

Proper noun

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Kanji in this term
希 望
き
Grade: 4 		ぼう
Grade: 4
on'yomi
Kanji in this term
希 望
き
Grade: 4 		み
Grade: 4
on'yomi nanori
Kanji in this term
希 望
のぞ
Grade: 4 		み
Grade: 4
nanori

希(き)望(ぼう) or 希(き)望(み) or 希望(きらり) or 希望(なるみ) or 希(のぞ)望(み) or 希望(のの) or 希望(ゆめ) • (Kibō or Kimi or Kirari or Narumi or Nozomi or Nono or Yume) 

  1. a female given name


希望(のぞむ) • (Nozomu) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja in this term
希望

Noun

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希望 • (huimang) (hangeul 희망)

  1. hanja form? of 희망 (“hope”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
希望

Noun

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希望

  1. chữ Hán form of hi vọng (“hope”)

Verb

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希望

  1. chữ Hán form of hi vọng (“to hope”)
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