亡

See also: 亾

Translingual

Stroke order

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 亡
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script
Oracle bone script j27316 j27317 j27318 j27319 j27320 j27321 j27322 j27323 j27324 j27325 j27326 j27327 j27328 j27329 j27330 j27331 j27332 j27333 j27334 j27335 j27336 j27337 j27338 j27339 j27340 j27341 j27342 j27343 j27344 j27345 j27346 j27347 j27348 j27349 j27350 j27351 j27352 j27353 j27354 j27355 j27356 j27357 j27358 j27359 j27360 j27361 j27362 j27363 j27364 j27365 j27366 j27367 j27368 j27369 j27370 j27371 j27372 j27373 j27374 j27375 j27376 j27377 j27378 j27379 j27380 j27381 j27382 j27383 j27384 j27385 j27386 j27387 j27388 j27389 j27390 j27391 j27392 j27393 j27394 j27395 j27396 j27397 j27398 j27399 j27400 j27401 j27402 j27403 j27404 j27405 j27406 j27407 j27408 j27409 j27410 j27411 j27412 j27413 j27414 j27415 j27416 j27417 j27418 j27419 j27420 j27421 j27422 j27423 j27424 j27425 j27426 j27427 j27428 j27429 j27430 j27431 j27432 j27433 j27434 j27435 j27436 j27437 j27438 j27439 j27440 j27441 j27442 j27443 j27444 j27445 j27446 j27447 j27448 j27449 j27450 j27451 j27452 j27453 j27454 j27455 j27456 j27457 j27458 j27459 j27460 j27461 j27462 j27463 j27464 j27465 j27466 j27467 j27468 j27469 j27470 Bronze inscriptions b17680 b17681 b17682 b17683 b17684 b17685 b17686 b17687 b17688 b17689 b17690 b17691 b17692 b17693 b17694 b17695 b17696 b17697 b17698 b17699 b17700 b17701 b17702 b17703 b17704 b17705 b17706 b17707 b17708 b17709 b17710 b17711 b17712 b17713 Large seal script L32570 L32571 L09148 L09149 Small seal script s09433
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Older form have a man 人 behind something 𠃊, hiding.

人 have been replaced by 亠 in modern form.

Is also interpreted as a Pictogram (象形) : a picture of a broken sickle, meaning destroyed/dead.

References

• McNaughton, William (2005) Reading & Writing Chinese: Simplified Character Edition, 2nd Edition edition, Tuttle, ISBN 978-0804835091, page 18
• “亡”, in 字源^[1] (in Mandarin), accessed 2014-02-22

Han character

亡 (radical 8 亠+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜女 (YV), four-corner 0071₀, composition ⿱亠𠃊)

1. death, destroyed
2. lose, perish

References

• KangXi: page 88, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 287
• Dae Jaweon: page 184, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 279, character 5
• Unihan data for U+4EA1

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		亡

Alternative forms

• 亾

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wáng (wang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mong⁴, mou⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mòng
• Min Nan (POJ): bông

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: wáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˊ
    • Wade-Giles: wang²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wang
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mong⁴, mou⁴
    • Yale: mòhng, mòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴, mou⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹/, /mou̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: mongˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mong²
    • IPA: /moŋ¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông
    • Tâi-lô: bông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boong
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /mʉɐŋ/▼

Rime
Character	亡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	武方切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muaŋ/
Li Rong	/miuaŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/miwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wáng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*maŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wáng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjang ›
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/
English	flee; disappear; die
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亡
Reading #	1/1
No.	12662
Phonetic component	亡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亡
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/

Verb

亡

1. to die, to perish

   死亡 (sǐwáng)

2. to flee, to hide

   逃亡 (táowáng)

3. to loose

Adjective

亡

1. deceased
2. subjugated

   亡國／亡国 (wángguó)

References

• (Mandarin) 亡 in CEDICT on MDBG
• (Min Nan) “Entry #185”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

亡

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. destroy
2. fall; collapse
3. not exist; nonexistent
4. run away

Readings

• Goon: もう (mō)
• Kan’on: ぼう (bō)
• Kun: な-い (亡い, na-i), な-き (亡き, na-ki), ほろ-ぶ (亡ぶ, horo-bu), ほろ-びる (亡びる, horo-biru), ほろ-ぼす (亡ぼす, horo-bosu)

Compounds

Compound words that contain 亡

Common 死亡 (しぼう, shibō) 亡夫 (ぼうふ, bōfu) 亡父 (ぼうふ, bōfu) 存亡 (そんぼう, sonbō) 逃亡 (とうぼう, tōbō) 亡骸 (なきがら, nakigara) 亡命 (ぼうめい, bōmei) 亡霊 (ぼうれい, bōrei) 滅亡 (めつぼう, metsubō) 死亡者 (しぼうしゃ, shibōsha) 死亡率 (しぼうりつ, shibōritsu) 未亡人 (みぼうじん, mibōjin) 亡くなる (なくなる, naku naru) Uncommon 亡柿 (ぼうし, bōshi) 亡子 (ぼうし, bōshi) 亡児 (ぼうじ, bōji) 亡婦 (ぼうふ, bōfu) 亡母 (ぼうぼ, bōbo) 興亡 (こうぼう, kōbō) 衰亡 (すいぼう, suibō) 損亡 (そんぼう, sonbō) 敗亡 (はいぼう, haibō) 亡君 (ぼうくん, bōkun) 亡兄 (ぼうけい, bōkei) 亡国 (ぼうこく, bōkoku) 亡魂 (ぼうこん, bōkon)

Uncommon (continued) 亡妻 (ぼうさい, bōsai) 亡失 (ぼうしつ, bōshitsu) 亡親 (ぼうしん, bōshin) 亡弟 (ぼうてい, bōtei) 亡八 (ぼうはち, bōhachi) 亡妹 (ぼうまい, bōmai) 亡友 (ぼうゆう, bōyū) 死亡地 (しぼうち, shibōchi) 亡き後 (なきあと, nakiato) 亡き人 (なきひと, nakihito) 亡き者 (なきもの, nakimono) 亡状 (ぼうじょう, bōjō) 流亡 (りゅうぼう, ryūbō) 死亡記事 (しぼうきじ, shibōkiji) 逃亡者 (とうぼうしゃ, tōbōsha) 逃亡犯 (とうぼうはん, tōbōhan) 亡命者 (ぼうめいしゃ, bōmeisha) 死亡時刻 (しぼうじこく, shibōjikoku) 死亡届 (しぼうとどけ, shibōtodoke) 死亡保険 (しぼうほけん, shibōhoken) 胎児死亡 (たいじしぼう, taijishibō) 多岐亡羊 (たきぼうよう, takibōyō) 逃亡中 (とうぼうちゅう, tōbōchū) 死亡広告 (しぼうこうこく, shibōkōkoku) Rare 陰亡 (おんぼう, onbō) 亡き魂 (なきたま, nakitama)

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Korean

Hanja

亡 • ‎(mang, mu) (hangeul 망, 무, revised mang, mu, McCune-Reischauer mang, mu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

亡 (vong, vô)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation