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彈

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 弹 and 弾
彈 U+5F48, 彈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F48
← 彇
[U+5F47] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 彉 →
[U+5F49]

Translingual

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Traditional 彈
Shinjitai 弾
Simplified 弹

Han character

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彈 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+12, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 弓口口十 (NRRJ), four-corner 16256, composition ⿰弓單)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 360, character 45
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9865
  • Dae Jaweon: page 678, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1002, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5F48

Chinese

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trad. 彈
simp. 弹
2nd round simp. 𰐔
alternative forms 𢎫

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 彈
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚲 *taːlʔ
癉 *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn
奲 *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ
驒 *daːl, *daːn, *teːn
鼉 *daːl
磾 *teːl
鷤 *deːl, *deːls, *daːn
觶 *tjal, *tjals
單 *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans
鄲 *taːn
殫 *taːn
簞 *taːn
匰 *taːn
襌 *taːn
彈 *daːn, *daːns
貚 *daːn, *deːn
撣 *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ
潬 *daːnʔ
僤 *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan
憚 *daːns
樿 *tjanʔ
燀 *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ
戰 *tjans
闡 *tʰjanʔ
繟 *tʰjanʔ
幝 *tʰjanʔ
嘽 *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ
灛 *tʰjanʔ
蟬 *djan
禪 *djan, *djans
嬋 *djan
墠 *djanʔ
鱓 *djanʔ
蕇 *teːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daːn, *daːns): semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).

Etymology

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"to shoot pellets at; to play (a stringed instrument)"
Probably related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tal (“bow”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 2 ("bow for shooting pellets" > "pellet") is a general derivation of pronunciation 1 "to shoot pellets at".
See also 憚 (OC *daːns, “to fear”), to which it has been alternatively linked with.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • daan6 - to catapult, to flick, to spring, to be elastic;
  • taan4 - to play (an instrument), to accuse.
Note:
  • tân - literary;
  • tôaⁿ/tōaⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 彈
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒干切
Baxter dan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dan/
Li
Rong 		/dɑn/
Wang
Li 		/dɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		taan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 彈 彈
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tán tán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dan › ‹ dan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.dˁar/ /*[d]ˁar/
English shoot pellets shoot pellets

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 彈
Reading # 1/2
No. 2003
Phonetic
component 		單
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		壇
Old
Chinese 		/*daːn/

Definitions

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彈

  1. to shoot (with a slingshot); to catapult; to eject
  2. to flick; to fluff; to strike
  3. (music) to play (a stringed musical instrument)
    彈琴／弹琴  ―  tánqín  ―  to play stringed instruments or piano
  4. to accuse; to criticise; to expose
    彈劾／弹劾  ―  tánhé  ―  to impeach
    糾彈／纠弹  ―  jiūtán  ―  to denounce publicly; to censure formally
  5. to spring; to leap; to bounce
    反彈／反弹  ―  fǎntán  ―  to rebound
    彈性／弹性  ―  tánxìng  ―  elasticity
  6. bouncy; elastic
  7. (traditional Chinese medicine) to puncture
  8. (of tear) to fall
  9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to weigh
  10. (Cantonese) to reject
  11. (Eastern Min) to shine
  12. (Eastern Min) to look at oneself in the mirror
  13. (Southern Min) to blather; to speak nonsense
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Chinese Wikipedia has an article on:
彈 / 弹
Wikipedia zh
Note:
  • tôaⁿ, tōaⁿ - vernacular;
  • tân, tān, thân - literary.
Note: duain7 - in 黃彈／黄弹.
Note:
  • dan5 - vernacular;
  • dan4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 彈
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 定 (7)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 徒案切
    Baxter danH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/dɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/dɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/dɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/danH/
    Li
    Rong         		/dɑnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/dɑnH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/dʱɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		dàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		daan6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 彈
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		dàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ danH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[d]ˁar-s/
    English pellet

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 彈
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 2013
    Phonetic
    component         		單
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		憚
    Old
    Chinese         		/*daːns/

    Definitions

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    彈

    1. shot; pellet
    2. slingshot
    3. (obsolete) alternative form of 蛋 (dàn, “egg”)
    4. bullet; shot
      子彈／子弹  ―  zǐdàn  ―  bullet
    5. bomb; shell

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (彈):
    • → Vietnamese: đạn (彈)

    Japanese

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    Shinjitai

    		弾

    Kyūjitai

    		彈

    Kanji

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    彈

    (Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 弾)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings

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    • Go-on: だん (dan)
    • Kan-on: たん (tan)
    • Kun: たま (tama, 彈)、はじく (hajiku, 彈)、はずむ (hazumu, 彈む)←はづむ (fadumu, 彈む, historical)、ひく (hiku, 彈く)

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    彈 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Compounds

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    彈: Hán Nôm readings: đạn, đàn, đằn, đan, đận, rờn

    Noun

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    (classifier 丸 (viên)) 彈

    1. chữ Hán form of đạn (“(firearms) a bullet”)

    Derived terms

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