禪

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See also: 禅
禪 U+79AA, 禪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79AA
← 禩
[U+79A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 禫 →
[U+79AB]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 禪
Simplified 禅
Japanese 禅
Korean 禪

Han character[edit]

禪 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 戈火口口十 (IFRRJ), four-corner 36256, composition ⿰礻單)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 846, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24835
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1267, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2408, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+79AA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 禪
simp. 禅

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 禪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚲 *taːlʔ
癉 *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn
奲 *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ
驒 *daːl, *daːn, *teːn
鼉 *daːl
磾 *teːl
鷤 *deːl, *deːls, *daːn
觶 *tjal, *tjals
單 *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans
鄲 *taːn
殫 *taːn
簞 *taːn
匰 *taːn
襌 *taːn
彈 *daːn, *daːns
貚 *daːn, *deːn
撣 *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ
潬 *daːnʔ
僤 *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan
憚 *daːns
樿 *tjanʔ
燀 *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ
戰 *tjans
闡 *tʰjanʔ
繟 *tʰjanʔ
幝 *tʰjanʔ
嘽 *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ
灛 *tʰjanʔ
蟬 *djan
禪 *djan, *djans
嬋 *djan
墠 *djanʔ
鱓 *djanʔ
蕇 *teːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djan, *djans): semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: sim4 - from dissimilation of initial and coda. Compare 蟬.
Note:
  • siân - literary;
  • sîⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • siêng5 - Chaozhou;
  • siang5 - Shantou, Chenghai.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 禪
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 市連切
    Baxter dzyen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑiɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑian/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiɛn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯ɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sin4
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 禪
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 2031
    Phonetic
    component         		單
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		鋋
    Old
    Chinese         		/*djan/

    Definitions[edit]

    禪

    1. (Buddhism) dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation
    2. Buddhist doctrine; Buddhist teachings
    3. relating to Buddhism; Buddhist; thoughtful; philosophical

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (禪):
    • → Japanese: 禅(ぜん) (zen) (see there for further descendants)
    • → Korean: 선(禪) (seon)
    • → Vietnamese: thiền (禪)

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Note: siang6 - Chenghai.
    Rime
    Character 禪
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 時戰切
    Baxter dzyenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiᴇnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑiɛnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjænH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑianH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiɛnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭɛnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯ɛnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sin6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 禪
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyenH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[d]ar-s/
    English hand over to another

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 禪
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 2036
    Phonetic
    component         		單
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		繕
    Old
    Chinese         		/*djans/

    Definitions[edit]

    禪

    1. (obsolete) to offer sacrifices to nature
      See also: 封
    2. to abdicate and pass the throne to someone
    3. to succeed; to replace

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    禪

    1. name of an ancient state

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		禅

    Kyūjitai

    		禪

    Kanji[edit]

    禪

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 禅)

    1. dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    禪 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)

    1. Zen

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    禪: Hán Nôm readings: thiền, thiện, xèng

    1. Dhyana
    2. Zen Buddhism
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