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連

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 连 and 運

連 U+9023, 連
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9023
← 逢
[U+9022] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 逤 →
[U+9024]

連 U+F99A, 連
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99A
← 蓮
[U+F999] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 鍊 →
[U+F99B]

Translingual

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Stroke order
11 strokes

Han character

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連 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜十田十 (YJWJ), four-corner 35300, composition ⿺辶車)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1259, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38902
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1747, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3836, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9023

Chinese

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trad. 連
simp. 连*

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (連) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
連 *ren
漣 *ren
鰱 *ren
翴 *ren
鏈 *ren, *rens, *r̥ʰen
璉 *renʔ
僆 *renʔ, *reːns
摙 *renʔ, *rens
蓮 *renʔ, *reːn
嗹 *reːn
縺 *reːn

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 辶 (“to walk”) + 車 (“chariot”) – man-drawn carriage.

According to Duan Yucai, 聯 / 联 (lián) and 連 are two characters for a same word, with the former used in the Zhou dynasty and the latter in the Han dynasty.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjan (“equal; to place in a row; to align; row”); related to 聯 (OC *ɡ·ron) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • liân/lên - literary (incl. surname);
  • nî (黃連), liâm (連鞭) - vernacular.
Note:
  • liang5 - Shantou;
  • liêng5 - Chaozhou;
  • hian5 - alternative pronunciation for surname sense.
Rime
Character 連
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力延切
Baxter ljen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lian/
Li
Rong 		/liɛn/
Wang
Li 		/lĭɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 連 連
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lián lián
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljen › ‹ ljen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.ra[n]/ /*[r]a[n]/
English [surname] connect in a row

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 連
Reading # 1/1
No. 7992
Phonetic
component 		連
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		連
Old
Chinese 		/*ren/

Definitions

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連

  1. (historical) man-drawn carriage
  2. to link; to join; to connect
    我們忘了把電腦連上網線了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们忘了把电脑连上网线了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen wàng le bǎ diànnǎo lián shàng wǎngxiàn le. [Pinyin]
    We forgot to connect the computer to the network cable.
    新運河將兩條河連在一起。 [MSC, trad.]
    新运河将两条河连在一起。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xīn yùnhé jiāng liǎng tiáo hé lián zàiyīqǐ. [Pinyin]
    The new canal links the two rivers.
  3. to ally with; to unite
  4. to involve; to implicate
  5. to simultaneously gain (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  6. to include; including; counting
    連我在內共有十人出席。 [MSC, trad.]
    连我在内共有十人出席。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lián wǒ zài nèi gòngyǒu shí rén chūxí. [Pinyin]
    There were ten present including myself.
  7. continuously; successively; one after one; repeatedly
    連勝三局／连胜三局  ―  lián shèng sān jú  ―  to win three games in succession
    這種新鞭炮叫爆珠，可以連響。 [MSC, trad.]
    这种新鞭炮叫爆珠，可以连响。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè zhǒng xīn biānpào jiào Bàozhū, kěyǐ lián xiǎng. [Pinyin]
    This new firecracker called Bao Zhu could sound continuously.
  8. from; counting from (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  9. and; with (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  10. together; with each other (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  11. hard; difficult; tough (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  12. full; entire; whole (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  13. (used in the 連…都/也… structures for emphasis) even; paradoxically
    他連美國都不知道在哪裡 [MSC, trad.]
    他连美国都不知道在哪里 [MSC, simp.]
    tā lián měiguó dōu bù zhīdào zài nǎlǐ [Pinyin]
    He doesn't even know where the USA is
    甚至連孩子都看得懂這本書。 [MSC, trad.]
    甚至连孩子都看得懂这本书。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shènzhì lián háizǐ dōu kàn dé dǒng zhè běn shū. [Pinyin]
    Even a child can understand the book
  14. affinity; relationship by marriage
  15. (military) company (consisting of platoons (排) and forming part of a battalion (營))
  16. (grammar) short for 連詞／连词 (liáncí, “conjunction”)
  17. a surname
    連戰／连战  ―  Lián Zhàn  ―  Lien Chan (chairman of the Kuomintang from 2000 to 2005)
Synonyms
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  • (to link):
  • (to include):
  • (continuously):
  • (and):
Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 與, 及
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 跟, 和
Taiwan 跟, 和
Malaysia 和, 跟
Singapore 和, 跟
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 和, 跟, 給
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 和
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 和
Wanrong (Ronghe) 連
Xi'an 跟, 連
Xining 帶, 和
Xuzhou 給
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帶
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 連
Lanzhou 跟, 和
Ürümqi 跟, 連, 和
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 跟, 給, 和
Wuhan 跟
Guiyang 跟, 同, 和
Guilin 跟, 和
Liuzhou 跟, 同, 和
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 告, 跟
Yangzhou 跟, 交
Hefei 跟
Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 同埋, 共
Hong Kong 同, 同埋
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 同
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 同
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 同
Macau 同, 同埋
Taishan 同埋
Kaiping (Chikan) 同, 同埋
Dongguan 同, 同埋
Yangjiang 鄧, 同
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 同
Penang (Guangfu) 同
Singapore (Guangfu) 同
Gan Nanchang 跟, 同
Lichuan 和
Pingxiang 同, 跟
Hakka Meixian 同, 摎
Yudu 澗
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 摎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 同
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 摎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 同
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 摎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和
Hong Kong 摎
Kuching (Hepo) 佮
Huizhou Jixi 搭
Shexian 搭
Huangshan (Tunxi) 和, 合
Xiuning 合
Yixian 和, 同
Qimen 跟
Wuyuan 剛
Jin Taiyuan 和, 跟
Xinzhou 給
Northern Min Jian'ou 邀
Jian'ou (Dikou) 邀, 儉, 教
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 邀
Pucheng (Shibei) 邀, 跟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 共
Fuzhou (Changle) 共
Fuqing 共
Yongtai 共
Gutian 共
Fu'an 共
Ningde 共
Shouning 隨
Zhouning 傮, 共
Fuding 跟
Southern Min Xiamen 佮, 交
Xiamen (Tong'an) 佮
Quanzhou 佮, 交
Zhangzhou 佮
Tainan 佮
Hsinchu 交
Penang (Hokkien) 佮
Singapore (Hokkien) 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 佮, 交
Chaozhou 佮, 共
Shantou 佮
Jieyang 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮
Pontianak (Teochew) 佮
Leizhou 共
Wenchang 共
Haikou 共
Qionghai 共
Puxian Min Putian 共
Xianyou 共
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 同, 同埋
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 跟, 邀
Wu Shanghai 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搭
Shanghai (Jiading) 搭, 脫, 脫仔
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Suzhou 搭, 搭仔
Danyang 同, 跟
Hangzhou 同
Ningbo 搭, 搭仔
Wenzhou 伉
Jinhua 亨, 跟
Xiang Changsha 跟
Loudi 跟
Shuangfeng 跟, 同
  • (even):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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連

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) difficult

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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連

  1. (historical dictionaries only) to reach
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to remove

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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連

  1. only used in 連石／连石

References

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  • “連”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “连”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 213.

Japanese

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Shinjitai 連
Kyūjitai
[1]
連
&#xF99A;
or
連+&#xFE00;?
連󠄀
連+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
連󠄃
連+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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連

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 連)

  1. to take along, to lead, to join, connect
  2. (suffix) party, company, group, set

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
連
れん
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 連 (ljen).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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連(れん) • (ren) 

  1. (of paper) a ream
  2. (poetry) a stanza; a verse

Suffix

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連(れん) • (-ren) 

  1. a group of people
  2. amount of times consecutively

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
連
むらじ
Grade: 4
nanori

From Old Japanese [Term?], from 村(むら) (mura, “village”) + 主(ぬし) (nushi, “chief”).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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連(むらじ) • (Muraji) 

  1. (historical) the second-lowest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”) [from 675 CE]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ “連”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

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Hanja

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連 (eumhun 잇닿을 련 (itda'eul ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 잇닿을 연 (itda'eul yeon))

  1. hanja form? of 련/연 (“take along; lead; join; connect”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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連: Hán Việt readings: liên[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
連: Nôm readings: liền[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], len[2][3][4][6], lên[1][2], trên[1][2], luôn[1][7], liến[4][5], lèn[1], lươn[1], lườn[1], ren[1], rèn[1], trơn[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of liên (“(only in compounds) to join, to associate, to unite”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of lèn (“(uncommon) to stuff; to cram”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of lên (“to go up, come up, rise”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of liền (“continuous; successive; at once; immediately”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of luôn (“always; continually; at once”)
  6. chữ Nôm form of lươn (“Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus)”)
  7. chữ Nôm form of lườn (“breast (of a bird or chicken); fillet (of fish)”)
  8. chữ Nôm form of ren (“to thread; lace; weave”)
  9. chữ Nôm form of rèn (“(metallurgy) to forge”)
  10. chữ Nôm form of trên (“upper; higher; superior; on”)
  11. chữ Nôm form of trơn (“slippery; smooth”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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