Jump to content

局

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 侷 and 跼
局 U+5C40, 局
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C40
← 尿
[U+5C3F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 屁 →
[U+5C41]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character

[edit]

局 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸尸口 (SSR), four-corner 77227, composition ⿸尸⿹𠃌口)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 300, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7653
  • Dae Jaweon: page 596, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 967, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5C40

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 局

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 局
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (局) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鋦 *koɡ
挶 *koɡ
梮 *koɡ
局 *ɡoɡ
跼 *ɡoɡ
侷 *ɡoɡ

Pictogram (象形). It represents the shape of a deceased person's limbs being bent and buried. This practice of burying the body in a crouched position symbolizes "to bend," and by extension, "to shrink" or "to contract."[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • guŏh - vernacular;
  • gṳ̆k - literary.
Note:
  • kio̍k - literary (“classifier; without fail; interest; worth; narrow; to be limited; to force”);
  • kia̍k/ke̍k - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 局
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕy⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕy³¹/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑioʔ¹/
/d͡ʑyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /d͡ʑioʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiu²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /kʰiuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kok̚²/
Nanning /kuk̚²²/
Hong Kong /kuk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kiɔk̚⁵/
/kik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ky⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xɔk̚³/
Rime
Character 局
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 渠玉切
Baxter gjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/guawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiok̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭwok̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		guk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 局 局
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jú jú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjowk › ‹ gjowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-kʰ(r)ok/ /*[ɡ](r)ok/
English bent, curved department

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 局
Reading # 1/1
No. 7028
Phonetic
component 		局
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		局
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡoɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

局

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bent; crooked
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to bend
  3. to restrict; to limit
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to force; to coerce
  5. narrow; restricted
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) near; close
  7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) breadth of mind; tolerance
  8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) neighbour
  9. part; component
  10. arrangement; distribution; structure; organisation
  11. situation; circumstances
  12. event
  13. office; bureau
    郵局／邮局  ―  yóujú  ―  post office
  14. shop; store
  15. trap; trick
    騙局／骗局  ―  piànjú  ―  fraud, scam
    我乞光棍局去。 [Eastern Min, trad. and simp.]
    Nguāi ké̤ṳk-*guŏng-góng guŏh-kó̤ / [ŋuai³³ kʰyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kuoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ (k-)ŋouŋ²¹³ kuoʔ⁵⁻²¹ (kʰ-)ɔ²¹³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
    I got tricked by a scammer.
  16. feast; banquet; gathering
  17. chessboard
  18. Classifier for instances of boardgames and ballgames: game ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
  19. (Mainland China Hokkien) without fail; certainly; surely; definitely; inevitably
  20. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) interest; fun (said with 有 (ū) and 無 (bô))
  21. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) worth; profit; relative benefit (said with 有 (ū) and 無 (bô))
  22. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) narrow; cramped
  23. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be limited; to be confined
  24. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to force; to compel

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (interest):
  • (without fail):
  • (narrow):
  • (to limit):
  • (to trick):
Dialectal synonyms of 騙 (“to deceive; to fool”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 騙
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 騙
Harbin 騙
Malaysia 騙
Singapore 騙
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 騙
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 哄
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 騙
Xining 騙
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 騙
Ürümqi 騙
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 哄, 騙
Guilin 騙
Liuzhou 哄, ⿰言羅
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 騙
Yangzhou 騙, 哄
Cantonese Guangzhou 呃
Hong Kong 呃
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 騙呃
Macau 氹, 呃
Guangzhou (Panyu) 呃
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 呃
Guangzhou (Conghua) 呃
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 呃
Foshan 呃
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 呃
Foshan (Shunde) 氹
Foshan (Sanshui) 呃
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 呃
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 氹, 呃
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 氹
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 呃
Zhuhai (Doumen) 呃
Jiangmen (Baisha) 呃
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 呃
Taishan 呃
Kaiping (Chikan) 呃
Enping (Niujiang) 呃
Heshan (Yayao) 呃
Dongguan 呃
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 呃
Yulin 呃
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呃
Singapore (Guangfu) 呃
Gan Nanchang 徹
Hakka Meixian 撮, 騙
Yudu 騙
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 騙
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 騙
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 撮, 騙
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 騙, 諞
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 撮, 騙
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 惑
Senai (Huiyang) 騙
Huizhou Jixi 騙
Jin Taiyuan 騙
Eastern Min Fuzhou 騙, 局
Southern Min Xiamen 諞, 術
Quanzhou 諞, 術
Zhangzhou 諞, 術
Zhao'an 騙
Penang (Hokkien) 騙
Singapore (Hokkien) 騙
Manila (Hokkien) 騙
Bangkok (Teochew) 騙
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 騙
Singapore (Teochew) 騙
Wenchang 騙, 誑
Puxian Min Putian 騙
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 騙
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 騙
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 騙
Xianyou 騙
Xianyou (Fengting) 騙
Xianyou (Youyang) 騙
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 呃
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 呃
Binyang 騙
Wu Suzhou 騙
Danyang 騙
Hangzhou 騙
Jinhua 騙

Compounds

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
局

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. bureau
  2. board
  3. office

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: ごく (goku)
  • Kan-on: きょく (kyoku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: つぼね (tsubone, 局)、しきる (shikiru)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
局
つぼね
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Noun

[edit]

局(つぼね) • (tsubone) 

  1. a temporary room created by subdividing a larger room with curtains and screens
  2. a private room in a palace or noble residence created by subdividing a larger room or gallery with curtains and screens
    Synonym: 曹司 (zōshi)
  3. a lady-in-waiting or gentlewoman who lives in such a room
  4. an honorific appended to the names of high ranking women
  5. (Edo) a lady-in-waiting to a shōgun or daimyō
  6. the tenement room used by a 局女郎 (tsubone-jorō)
  7. Short for 局女郎 (tsubone-jorō, “a low grade prostitute who works out of a small tenement room and charges by the hour”).

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
局
きょく
Grade: 3
kan'on

Noun

[edit]

局(きょく) • (kyoku) 

  1. bureau, department
  2. channel such as on television

Counter

[edit]

局(きょく) • (-kyoku) 

  1. counter for buildings or operators suffixed "局" (e.g. 郵(ゆう)便(びん)局(きょく) (yūbin-kyoku, “post office”), テレビ局(きょく) (terebi-kyoku, “television station”))
    • 2019 February 28, “＜平(へい)成(せい)　この日(ひ)、（番(ばん)外(がい)）＞郵(ゆう)便(びん)局(きょく)で「うるう日(び)」障(しょう)害(がい)゠平(へい)成(せい)12(じゅうに)年(ねん)2(に)月(がつ)29(にじゅうく)日(にち)（19(じゅうく)年(ねん)前(まえ)） Ａ(エー)Ｔ(ティー)Ｍ(エム)の電(でん)源(げん)入(はい)らず窓(まど)口(ぐち)対(たい)応(おう)”, in 佐(さ)賀(が)新(しん)聞(ぶん) [Saga Shimbun]‎[1]:
      県(けん)内(ない)でも特(とく)定(てい)郵(ゆう)便(びん)局(きょく)など4(よん)局(きょく)で、業(ぎょう)務(む)開(かい)始(し)の午(ご)前(ぜん)8(はち)時(じ)から郵(ゆう)便(びん)貯(ちょ)金(きん)自(じ)動(どう)預(あずけ)払(ばらい)機(き)（A(エー)T(ティー)M(エム)）の電(でん)源(げん)が入(はい)らず、午(ご)後(ご)0(れい)時(じ)20(にじっ)分(ぷん)に復(ふっ)旧(きゅう)するまで、貯(ちょ)金(きん)の預(あず)け入(い)れは窓(まど)口(ぐち)で対(たい)応(おう)した。
      Kennai demo tokutei yūbin-kyoku nado yon-kyoku de, gyōmu kaishi no gozen hachiji kara yūbin chokin jidō azuke barai-ki (ētīemu) no dengen ga hairazu, gogo reiji nijippun ni fukkyū suru made, chokin no azukeire wa madoguchi de taiō shita.
      In the Prefecture, post office deposit automatic teller machines (ATMs) installed in four post offices including the Special Post Office couldn't turn on from 8 a.m. at starting operations and they handled depositing money work at windows until 12:20 a.m. when it had been restored.
  2. counter for board games (e.g. chess, shogi or go)
    • 2019 November 25, “将(しょう)棋(ぎ)ユーチューバー、四(よ)段(だん)に勝(しょう)利(り)　あと２(に)勝(しょう)でプロ入(い)り”, in 朝(あさ)日(ひ)新(しん)聞(ぶん) [Asahi Shimbun]‎[2], archived from the original on 2 December 2019:
      試(し)験(けん)は若(わか)手(て)棋(き)士(し) ５(ご)人(にん)と ５(ご)局(きょく)指(さ)し、 ３(さん)勝(しょう)で合(ごう)格(かく)する。
      Shiken wa wakate kishi go-nin to go-kyoku sashi, san-shō de gōkaku suru.
      In the examination, he will play five games against five young players and if he wins three games, he will pass the examination.

Suffix

[edit]

局(きょく) • (-kyoku) 

  1. bureau
Derived terms
[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

局 (eumhun 판 국 (pan guk))

  1. hanja form? of 국 (“bureau; department”)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

局: Hán Việt readings: cục
局: Nôm readings: cộc, cục, cuộc, gục, ngúc

  1. chữ Hán form of cuộc (“an office under a bộ (“ministry”)”).
  2. chữ Nôm form of cuộc (“any large-scale, periodic event”).
  3. chữ Nôm form of gục (“to lower (one's head); to bend down”).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=局&oldid=84436001"