柄
| ||||||||
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]柄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 木一人月 (DMOB), four-corner 41927, composition ⿰木丙)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 518, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14603
- Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1179, character 2
- Unihan data for U+67C4
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
柄 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 棅 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 柄 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 更 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs |
| 粳 | *kraːŋ |
| 埂 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ |
| 浭 | *kraːŋ |
| 稉 | *kraːŋ |
| 梗 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 哽 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 綆 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 鯁 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 挭 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 骾 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 郠 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 硬 | *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs |
| 鞕 | *ŋɡraːŋs |
| 丙 | *pqraŋʔ |
| 炳 | *praŋʔ |
| 邴 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 怲 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 苪 | *praŋʔ |
| 蛃 | *praŋʔ |
| 昺 | *praŋʔ |
| 昞 | *praŋʔ |
| 窉 | *praŋʔ |
| 柄 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 鈵 | *praŋs |
| 寎 | *praŋs |
| 病 | *braŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 丙 (OC *pqraŋʔ) – a wooden handle.
Etymology 1
[edit]Derived from 秉 (OC *praŋʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).
- "pattern; texture"
- Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 柄 (gara).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bǐng
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bǐng
- Wade–Giles: ping3
- Yale: bǐng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biing
- Palladius: бин (bin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bìng
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bìng
- Wade–Giles: ping4
- Yale: bìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binq
- Palladius: бин (bin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: beng3 / bing3
- Yale: beng / bing
- Cantonese Pinyin: beng3 / bing3
- Guangdong Romanization: béng3 / bing3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɛːŋ³³/, /pɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- beng3 - vernacular;
- bing3 - literary.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: piang
- Hakka Romanization System: biang
- Hagfa Pinyim: biang4
- Sinological IPA: /pi̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: biangˇ
- Sinological IPA: /piaŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pèⁿ
- Tâi-lô: pènn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pvex
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ̃²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan): /pẽ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- pìⁿ/pèⁿ - vernacular;
- pèng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bên3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pèⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pẽ²¹³/
- Middle Chinese: pjaengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[p]raŋʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*praŋʔ/, /*praŋs/
Definitions
[edit]柄
- handle (of an axe, implement, etc.) (Classifier: 個／个 c; 條／条 c; 支 c; 轆／辘 c)
- stem (of a flower, leaf, fruit, etc.)
- (in compounds) words or behaviour that can be used against someone
- (literary, or in compounds) power; authority
- (literary) to wield; to be in control of
- 柄政 ― bǐngzhèng ― to hold power
- (literary or regional) Classifier for things with a handle.
- (Cantonese, slang) penis; knob (Classifier: 條／条 c; 支 c; 轆／辘 c)
- 1994, 陳嘉上 [Gordon Chan], 陳慶嘉 [Chan Hing Ka], directed by 陳嘉上 [Gordon Chan], 錦繡前程 [Long and Winding Road], spoken by 張志誠 (黃子華 [Dayo Wong]):
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:柄.
- (Internet, fandom slang) pattern; texture (of 谷子 (gǔzi, “goods”))
Synonyms
[edit]- (handle): 把 (bà)
- (power):
- (to wield):
- 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
- 主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
- 克制 (kèzhì)
- 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
- 制壓 / 制压 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 制禦 / 制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
- 制約 / 制约 (zhìyuē)
- 君 (jūn) (literary)
- 執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
- 壓制 / 压制 (yāzhì)
- 壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
- 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 局限 (júxiàn)
- 左右 (zuǒyòu)
- 把
- 抑制 (yìzhì)
- 把持 (bǎchí)
- 把控 (bǎkòng)
- 把攬 / 把揽 (bǎlǎn)
- 抵制 (dǐzhì)
- 拘束 (jūshù)
- 按 (àn)
- 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
- 控 (literary, or in compounds)
- 控制 (kòngzhì)
- 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
- 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
- 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
- 撥弄 / 拨弄 (bōnòng)
- 撙節 / 撙节 (zǔnjié)
- 操控 (cāokòng)
- 操縱 / 操纵 (cāozòng)
- 擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
- 擺治 / 摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
- 支配 (zhīpèi)
- 收斂 / 收敛 (shōuliǎn)
- 束 (literary, or in compounds)
- 束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
- 框 (kuàng)
- 禁錮 / 禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
- 積壓 / 积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
- 節制 / 节制 (jiézhì)
- 節撙 / 节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 管制 (guǎnzhì)
- 管束 (guǎnshù)
- 約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
- 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
- 統治 / 统治 (tǒngzhì)
- 羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
- 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
- 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
- 鎮 / 镇 (zhèn)
- 限 (xiàn)
- 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 限制 (xiànzhì)
- 駕 / 驾 (jià)
- 駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)
- (penis):
Compounds
[edit]- 六柄
- 兵柄
- 刀柄 (dāobǐng)
- 劍柄 / 剑柄
- 國柄 / 国柄
- 執柄 / 执柄
- 大柄
- 太阿之柄
- 孢囊柄
- 尺土之柄
- 巴柄
- 把柄 (bǎbǐng)
- 授人以柄 (shòu rén yǐ bǐng)
- 政柄 (zhèngbǐng)
- 文柄
- 斗柄
- 曲柄笠
- 朝柄
- 柄任
- 柄子
- 柄政 (bǐngzhèng)
- 柄用
- 柄臣
- 機柄 / 机柄
- 權柄 / 权柄 (quánbǐng)
- 殺生之柄 / 杀生之柄
- 沒把柄 / 没把柄
- 沒頭脫柄 / 没头脱柄
- 百年之柄
- 笑柄 (xiàobǐng)
- 箭柄魚 / 箭柄鱼
- 胚柄
- 胸骨柄 (xiōnggǔbǐng)
- 花柄 (huābǐng)
- 菌柄 (jūnbǐng)
- 落人笑柄
- 葉柄 / 叶柄 (yèbǐng)
- 蒴柄
- 話柄 / 话柄
- 談柄 / 谈柄
- 貪權竊柄 / 贪权窃柄
- 魁柄
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: beng3
- Yale: beng
- Cantonese Pinyin: beng3
- Guangdong Romanization: béng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɛːŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]柄
References
[edit]- “柄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]柄
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ひょう (hyō)←ひやう (fyau, historical)
- Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
- Kun: え (e, 柄, Jōyō)←え (e, 柄, historical)←𛀁 (ye, 柄, ancient)、かび (kabi, 柄)、かい (kai, 柄)、から (kara, 柄)、がら (gara, 柄, Jōyō)、つか (tsuka, 柄)、つく (tsuku, 柄)
- Nanori: から (kara)、ら (ra)
Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柄 |
| え Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Change in meaning from 枝 (e, historically ye, “branch, stem”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Kagoshima) えぇ [ê] (type A)ZAJ
Noun
[edit]Idioms
[edit]- 柄の無い所に柄をすげる (e no nai tokoro ni e o sugeru): “to attach a handle where there isn't one” → to strain credibility with one's words, to talk out one's ass
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柄 |
| かび Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 穎 |
From Old Japanese. Used in the Kojiki. Generally regarded as cognate with 黴 (kabi, “mold”), from the shared idea of sprouts or shoots. Appears to be the noun stem of Old Japanese verb かぶ (kabu) (source of modern 黴る (kabiru, “to go moldy”)), with probable original meaning of to sprout.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (archaic) a sprout
- Synonym: 芽 (me)
- 穎: (archaic) an ear of grain, particularly of rice
- (archaic) the handle or grip of a tool, or hilt of a blade (by extension from the idea of “a smaller portion sticking out from the main body” like a sprout)
- Synonym: 柄 (tsuka)
Usage notes
[edit]The grain sense is more commonly spelled 穎.
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柄 |
| かい Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 穎 |
/kabi/ → /kapi/ → /kaɸi/ → /kawi/ → /kai/
Alteration of kabi.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柄 |
| から Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kara. Origin of particle から (kara, “from, because”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Often followed by the particle に (ni). This usage evolved into the modern particle から (kara, “from, because”).[1]
Suffix
[edit]- of the same lineage
- the inherent qualities or characteristics of a thing
Usage notes
[edit]The lineage sense is often found embedded in other words, such as the first few of the following.
Derived terms
[edit]- (lineage): 同胞 (harakara): “of the (same) belly” → a sibling, more specifically a sibling from the same mother
- (lineage): 族 (yakara): “of the (same) house” → a family member
- (lineage): 親族 (ukara): “of the (same) parents/ancestors” → a blood relative
- (qualities): 神柄 (kamikara), 神柄 (kamukara): the true nature of a god
- (qualities): 山柄 (yamakara): the nature or characteristics of a mountain
Etymology 5
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柄 |
| から Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 幹 |
In light of the stem sense, probably derived semantically from origin, source meanings.
Compare also Korean 가락 (garak), similarly used as a counter for long and slender objects.
Pronunciation
[edit]Counter
[edit]- used to count items with shafts
Noun
[edit]Prefix
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]The shaft sense is often found embedded in other words, such as the following, which are often spelled with other kanji.
Derived terms
[edit]- 柄臼, 唐臼, 碓 (karausu): a kind of mortar and pestle with the pestle mounted on a long shaft for leverage
- 柄秤, 唐秤, 権衡 (karahakari): a balance scale (as opposed to a spring scale)
- 柄秤, 唐秤, 権衡 (karabakari): same as above
- 柄楫, 唐楫 (karakaji): a tiller with a shafted handle
- 柄鋤, 唐鋤, 犂 (karasuki): a plow (literally, “a spade on a long shaft”)
Etymology 6
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柄 |
| がら Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Alteration of kara, “qualities, characteristics”. Originally only found as a suffix. The kara changes to gara as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The rendaku pronunciation was then later used independently.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]- the inherent qualities or characteristics of a thing
- a shape, pattern, or design
Derived terms
[edit]- (qualities): 随神 (kannagara): will of the gods; Shinto belief in harmony with the gods and nature
- (qualities): 国柄 (kunigara): a nation's (good) qualities; the state of a nation
- (qualities): 人柄 (hitogara): a person's character
- (qualities): 家柄 (iegara): a family's or household's station or standing in society
- (qualities): 続柄, 続き柄 (tsuzukigara): one's immediate relations, such as parents or siblings
- (qualities): 場所柄 (bashogara): the qualities of a place; that which is appropriate or suitable for a place
- (qualities): 時節柄 (jisetsugara): the qualities of a time or season; that which is appropriate or suitable for a time or season
- (shape): 花柄 (hanagara): a flower pattern
Noun
[edit]- one's physical shape or build
- one's character, personality, or temperament
- a pattern or design, such as on cloth
Idioms
[edit]- 柄にもない (gara ni mo nai): “not even in one's character” → just not in one, just not suitable for one's character or abilities
Etymology 7
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柄 |
| つか Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 欛 |
Cognate with 束 (tsuka, ancient unit of length, equivalent to the amount covered from pinky to forefinger when gripping something; analogous to English hand).[1]
Both likely derive from verb 付く (tsuku, “to set to, to attach, to accompany”), particularly as seen in modern Japanese idioms such as 手を付ける (te o tsukeru, “to set one's hand to something”), 手が付く (te ga tsuku, “to start using something”, literally “one's hand sets on something”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- the hilt of a sword or knife, or the grip of a bow or staff
- (calligraphy) the portion of a brush pen held in the hand
- a penis
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎
Idioms
[edit]- 柄を握る (tsuka o nigiru): “to hold the grip” → to stay the course in a career or trade and become an old master
- 柄を取る (tsuka o toru): “to take the grip” → to stay the course in a career or trade and become an old master
Etymology 8
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柄 |
| つく Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 銑 釻 |
Nominalization of verb 付く (tsuku, “to attach”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- 柄, 銑, 釻: the nock on either end of a bow where the bowstring rests
- 柄, 銑, 釻: a bent nail or other kind of spike attached to or driven through an iron staff or a truncheon to make the weapon more dangerous
- 柄, 銑, 釻: the areas on either end of a yoke or other carrying pole where cordage or rope is attached, from which the load is carried
- the grip of a tiller, boathook, or other pole
- 柄, 銑, 釻: (as a pun on the verb sense of stick to, attach) a female entertainer's or prostitute's secret lover
Usage notes
[edit]The grip sense is not spelled using the alternative forms, and is only spelled 柄 in kanji.
Etymology 9
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柄 |
| ほぞ Grade: S |
| irregular |
Ateji or misspelling for uncommon 表外字 (hyōgaiji, “off-the-chart character”, in reference to the chart of official educational kanji) character 枘 (hozo, “navel”, also generic term for something that protrudes slightly). Note that the right half of 柄 is 丙, with a top bar, while the right half of 枘 is 内, without a top bar.[1]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 柄 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 柄, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]- “柄”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]柄 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng, Yale pyeng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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