芽

芽 U+82BD, 芽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82BD ← 芼 [U+82BC] CJK Unified Ideographs 芾 → [U+82BE]

Translingual

Han character

芽 (radical 140 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿一女竹 (TMVH), four-corner 4424₁, composition ⿱艹牙)

References

• KangXi: page 1021, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30860
• Dae Jaweon: page 1480, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3179, character 13
• Unihan data for U+82BD

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		芽

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (牙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
邪	*ljaː, *laː
衺	*ljaː
牙	*ŋraː
芽	*ŋraː
齖	*ŋraː, *ŋraːs
呀	*ŋraː, *hŋraː
枒	*ŋraː, *ŋraːs
雅	*ŋraːʔ
厊	*ŋraːʔ
庌	*ŋraːʔ
訝	*ŋraːs
迓	*ŋraːs
砑	*ŋraːs
犽	*ŋraːs
疨	*hŋraː
岈	*hŋraː
谺	*hŋraː
颬	*hŋraː
鴉	*qraː
釾	*laː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraː): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) – an aspect of plants.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yá (ya²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngà
• Min Nan (POJ): gê / gêe / gâ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yá
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ya²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
    • IPA ^(key): /i̯a̠³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngaa⁴
    • Yale: ngàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: nga⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋɑː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngà
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngaˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nga²
    • IPA: /ŋa¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê
    • Tâi-lô: gê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gee
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /ge²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ge²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêe
    • Tâi-lô: gêe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /gɛ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâ
    • Tâi-lô: gâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gaa
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ga²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ga²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ga¹³/

Note:

• gê/gêe - vernacular;
• gâ - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋˠa/▼

Rime
Character	芽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨ/
Li Rong	/ŋa/
Wang Li	/ŋa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yá

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*m-ɢˤ<r>a/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	芽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yá
Middle Chinese	‹ ngæ ›
Old Chinese	/*m-ɢˤ<r>a/
English	shoot, sprout
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芽
Reading #	1/1
No.	14178
Phonetic component	牙
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	牙
Old Chinese	/*ŋraː/

Definitions

芽

1. bud, shoot, sprout

Compounds

• 側芽／侧芽
• 催芽
• 冠芽
• 出芽 (chūyá)
• 出芽生殖
• 吸芽
• 嫩芽 (nènyá)
• 幼芽 (yòuyá)
• 抽芽 (chōuyá)
• 接芽
• 摘芽
• 新芽 (xīnyá)
• 根芽
• 海帶芽／海带芽 (hǎidàiyá)
• 滋芽
• 珠芽

• 發芽／发芽 (fāyá)
• 白雪黃芽／白雪黄芽
• 肉芽 (ròuyá)
• 胚芽 (pēiyá)
• 胚芽米
• 胚芽鞘
• 胞芽
• 胞芽杯
• 腋芽
• 芽兒／芽儿
• 芽孢
• 芽接法
• 芽眼
• 芽茶
• 芽菜 (yácài, “bean sprout”)

• 芽豆
• 芽韭
• 芽體／芽体
• 茶芽
• 萌芽 (méngyá)
• 葉芽／叶芽 (yèyá)
• 裸芽
• 豆芽 (dòuyá)
• 豆芽菜 (dòuyácài)
• 防芽遏萌
• 雷芽
• 麥芽／麦芽 (màiyá)
• 麥芽糖／麦芽糖 (màiyátáng)
• 黃芽／黄芽
• 黃豆芽／黄豆芽

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Japanese

Kanji

芽

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. bud, sprout, shoot

Readings

• Goon: げ (ge)
• Kan’on: が (ga, Jōyō)
• Kun: め (me, 芽, Jōyō); めぐむ (megumu, 芽む)

Compounds

Compounds

• 嫩 (どん)芽 (が) (donga): young shoot
• 麦芽 (ばくが) (bakuga): malt
• 木 (き)の芽 (め) (kinome): leaves of Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum) used as condiment

Kanji in this term
芽
め Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) め​ [méꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [me̞]

Noun

芽 (hiragana め, rōmaji me)

1. bud, sprout, shoot

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Korean

Hanja

芽 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune-Reischauer a, Yale a)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

芽 (nha)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.