牙
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Contents
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
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Han character[edit]
牙 (radical 92 牙+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一女木竹 (MVDH), four-corner 10240)
- Kangxi radical #92, ⽛ (“fang”).
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 695, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19909
- Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1419, character 8
- Unihan data for U+7259
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
牙 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 牙
|
||
|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngà
- Min Dong (BUC): ngà / ngāi
- Min Nan (POJ): gê / gêe / gâ
- Wu (Wiktionary): nga (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
- Wade-Giles: ya2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
- IPA (key): /i̯a̠³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ngaa4
- Yale: ngàh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa4
- IPA (key): /ŋɑː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngà
- Hakka Romanization System: ngaˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nga2
- IPA: /ŋa¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngà / ngāi
- IPA (key): /ŋa⁵³/, /ŋai³³/
- Note: ngāi - synaeresis of 牙齒 used alone or in some compounds.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nga (T3)
- IPA (key): /ŋᴀ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 牙 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ia³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ia²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /iɑ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ia⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ia⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ia⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /nia²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ia²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ia⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ia⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ia⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ia²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ia³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ia²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ia̠³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /iɑ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ia⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /nia¹¹/ /ia¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ȵiɑ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ia³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ŋa²³/ /ɦia²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ŋɑ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiɑ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ŋo³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ŋa⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ŋɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ia¹³/ /ŋa¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ŋɒ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋɑ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋa¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋɑ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋa²¹/ |
| Nanning | /ŋa²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ŋa²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /ga³⁵/ /ge³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋa⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ŋa³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ŋẽ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /za³¹/ /ŋɛ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五加切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋaɨ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋa/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋa/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yá |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yá |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngæ › |
| Old Chinese |
/*m-ɢˤ<r>a/ |
| English | tooth |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14177 |
| Phonetic component |
牙 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
牙 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋraː/ |
Definitions[edit]
牙
- tooth
- fang; tusk; canine tooth
- 尖牙 ― jiānyá ― fang
- ivory; tusk of elephant
- 象牙 ― xiàngyá ― ivory
- screw thread
- (historical) broker
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 牙
Descendants[edit]
Others:
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
牙
Readings[edit]
- Goon: げ (ge)
- Kan’on: が (ga)
- Kun: きば (kiba), き (ki), かび (kabi) (non-Jōyō reading), は (ha) (non-Jōyō reading)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
| き Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
Although this term is no longer used in isolation, it does persist in certain compounds.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
| きば Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Compound of Old Japanese elements 牙 (ki, “fang, tusk”) + 歯 (ha, “tooth”).[2] The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- fang, tusk, tooth (particularly the canines)
- (falconry) dog (primarily used for counting hunting dogs)
Usage notes[edit]
This is the most common term for fang in modern Japanese.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms[edit]
Idioms
|
See also[edit]
- 門歯 (monshi): incisor tooth
- 犬歯 (kenshi): canine tooth
- 小臼歯 (shōkyūshi): premolar
- 臼歯 (kyūshi): molar
- 象牙 (zōge): elephant tusk, ivory
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
| かび Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Cognate with, and probably the noun derivation of, verb 黴びる (kabiru, “to go moldy”), from the root idea of something sprouting.[2] Used in the Kojiki.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
| は Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Non-standard alternate spelling for 歯 (ha, “tooth”).[2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 5[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
| げ Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 牙 (ngæ). Compare modern Min Nan reading ge5.
The goon reading, so probably the reading as first imported into Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
The tooth meaning is much more commonly expressed using the word 歯 (ha).
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
|
Etymology 6[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
| が Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 牙 (ngæ). Compare modern Cantonese reading ngaa4.
The kan'on reading, so probably a later importation.
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
The ga reading is only used in compounds, and is never used in isolation.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
|
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
牙 • (a) (hangeul 아, McCune-Reischauer a, Yale a)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese terms spelled with 牙 read as きば
- Japanese compound words
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- ja:Falconry
- Japanese terms spelled with 牙 read as かび
- Japanese terms spelled with 牙 read as は
- Japanese terms spelled with 牙 read as げ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms spelled with 牙 read as が
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