Jump to content

邪

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
邪 U+90AA, 邪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90AA
← 邩
[U+90A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 邫 →
[U+90AB]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

邪 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+4 in Chinese, 邑+5 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 一竹弓中 (MHNL), four-corner 17227, composition ⿰牙阝)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1269, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39319
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1768, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3758, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+90AA

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 邪
simp. # 邪
alternative forms 衺 “evil; strange; tilted”
𧘪 “evil; strange; tilted”
耶 “evil; strange; tilted; particle”

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 邪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (牙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
邪 *ljaː, *laː
衺 *ljaː
牙 *ŋraː
芽 *ŋraː
齖 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
呀 *ŋraː, *hŋraː
枒 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
雅 *ŋraːʔ
厊 *ŋraːʔ
庌 *ŋraːʔ
訝 *ŋraːs
迓 *ŋraːs
砑 *ŋraːs
犽 *ŋraːs
疨 *hŋraː
岈 *hŋraː
谺 *hŋraː
颬 *hŋraː
鴉 *qraː
釾 *laː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljaː, *laː): phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 邑 (“town; city”).

The semantic component suggests that this character was originally used in a place name, which Shuowen suggests to be 琅邪. It was later borrowed for other meanings, the most prominent being “wrong; evil” (originally written as 衺).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • Longyan:
    • siâ - vernacular;
    • siê - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 邪
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɛ³⁵/
Harbin /ɕiɛ²²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕie⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiə⁴²/
Qingdao /siə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /siɛ⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xining /ɕi⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕie⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiə⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕiɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕie²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕie³¹/
Guiyang /ɕie²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ³¹/
Nanjing /sie²⁴/
Hefei /ɕi⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕie̞¹³/
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ʑia²³/
Suzhou /ziɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiɑ²¹³/
Wenzhou /zei³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰiɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /sie¹³/
Xiangtan /siɒ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɑ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sia¹¹/
Taoyuan /siɑ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰe²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sia³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sia⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sia²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /sia⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /se³¹/
/tia³¹/
Rime
Character 邪
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似嗟切
Baxter zjae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zia/
Pan
Wuyun 		/zia/
Shao
Rongfen 		/zia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zia/
Li
Rong 		/zia/
Wang
Li 		/zĭa/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/zi̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xié
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ce4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 邪
Reading # 1/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xié
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*sə.ɢA/
English awry

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 邪
Reading # 1/2
No. 14175
Phonetic
component 		牙
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		衺
Old
Chinese 		/*ljaː/

Definitions

[edit]

邪

  1. wrong; evil; depraved; vicious; perverse; heterodox
    邪念  ―  xiéniàn  ―  evil thought
  2. unnatural; strange
  3. disaster; calamity
  4. (traditional Chinese medicine) unwholesome environmental factor; pathogenetic factor
    風邪／风邪  ―  fēngxié  ―  pathogenic influence; cold
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 斜 (“tilted; inclined”)
  6. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 邪 (MC yae)

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 邪
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以遮切
Baxter yae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jia/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jia/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jia/
Li
Rong 		/ia/
Wang
Li 		/jĭa/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		je4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 邪
Reading # 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yá
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢ(r)A/
English 琅邪 (name of a mountain in Shāndōng)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 邪
Reading # 2/2
No. 14197
Phonetic
component 		牙
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		邪
Old
Chinese 		/*laː/
Notes 俗作耶

Definitions

[edit]

邪

  1. Only used in 琅邪, alternative form of 琅琊 (Lángyá)

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 3

[edit]
Rime
Character 邪
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以遮切
Baxter yae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jia/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jia/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jia/
Li
Rong 		/ia/
Wang
Li 		/jĭa/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		je4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 邪
Reading # 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ](r)A/
English (interrogative particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 邪
Reading # 2/2
No. 14197
Phonetic
component 		牙
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		邪
Old
Chinese 		/*laː/
Notes 俗作耶

Definitions

[edit]

邪

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 耶 (sentence-final interrogative particle)
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) The chant of labourers used for synchronized pulling, lifting, etc., similar to heigh-ho.

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 4

[edit]
Rime
Character 邪
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似嗟切
Baxter zjae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zia/
Pan
Wuyun 		/zia/
Shao
Rongfen 		/zia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zia/
Li
Rong 		/zia/
Wang
Li 		/zĭa/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/zi̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xié
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ce4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 邪
Reading # 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*sə.la/
English walk slowly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

[edit]

邪

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 徐 (xú, “slow”)

Pronunciation 5

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

邪

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 餘 / 余 (“remainder; remaining days”)

Pronunciation 6

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

邪

  1. Only used in 歸邪／归邪.

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 邪
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
邪󠄂
邪+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
邪󠄄
邪+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

[edit]
邪

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. wicked
  2. injustice
  3. wrong

Readings

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 邪 (MC zjae); compare Mandarin 邪 (xié):

  • Go-on: じゃ (ja, Jōyō)←じや (zya, historical)
  • Kan-on: しゃ (sha)

From Middle Chinese 邪 (MC yae); compare Mandarin 邪 (yé, yá):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

[edit]

Synonyms

[edit]

Antonyms

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Kanji in this term
邪
よこしま
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
横しま
邪ま

Adjective

[edit]

邪(よこしま) • (yokoshima) -na (adnominal 邪(よこしま)な (yokoshima na), adverbial 邪(よこしま)に (yokoshima ni))

  1. evil, wicked
    邪(よこしま)な心(こころ)
    yokoshima na kokoro
    evil heart
  2. 横しま: horizontal

Inflection

[edit]
Inflection of 邪
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 邪だろ よこしまだろ yokoshima daro
Continuative (連用形) 邪で よこしまで yokoshima de
Terminal (終止形) 邪だ よこしまだ yokoshima da
Attributive (連体形) 邪な よこしまな yokoshima na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 邪なら よこしまなら yokoshima nara
Imperative (命令形) 邪であれ よこしまであれ yokoshima de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 邪ではない
邪じゃない 		よこしまではない
よこしまじゃない 		yokoshima de wa nai
yokoshima ja nai
Informal past 邪だった よこしまだった yokoshima datta
Informal negative past 邪ではなかった
邪じゃなかった 		よこしまではなかった
よこしまじゃなかった 		yokoshima de wa nakatta
yokoshima ja nakatta
Formal 邪です よこしまです yokoshima desu
Formal negative 邪ではありません
邪じゃありません 		よこしまではありません
よこしまじゃありません 		yokoshima de wa arimasen
yokoshima ja arimasen
Formal past 邪でした よこしまでした yokoshima deshita
Formal negative past 邪ではありませんでした
邪じゃありませんでした 		よこしまではありませんでした
よこしまじゃありませんでした 		yokoshima de wa arimasen deshita
yokoshima ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 邪で よこしまで yokoshima de
Conditional 邪なら（ば） よこしまなら（ば） yokoshima nara (ba)
Provisional 邪だったら よこしまだったら yokoshima dattara
Volitional 邪だろう よこしまだろう yokoshima darō
Adverbial 邪に よこしまに yokoshima ni
Degree 邪さ よこしまさ yokoshimasa

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “邪”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2138 (paper), page 1121 (digital)
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

邪 • (sa, ya) (hangeul 사, 야, revised sa, ya, McCune–Reischauer sa, ya, Yale sa, ya)

  1. cunning, sly, crafty, artful
  2. dislocated, out of joint, out of step, out of line
  3. deceive, cheat, trick, fool, swindle
  4. crooked, askew, slanted

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

邪: Hán Nôm readings: tà, tá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=邪&oldid=83799550"