遠

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See also: 远 and 逺
遠 U+9060, 遠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9060
← 遟
[U+905F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 遡 →
[U+9061]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character[edit]

遠 (radical 162, 辵+10, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 13 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜土口女 (YGRV), four-corner 34303, composition ⿺辶袁)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1263, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39047
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1757, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3869, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+9060

Chinese[edit]

trad. 遠
simp. 远*
alternative forms 逺

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 遠
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
遠-oracle.svg 遠-bronze.svg 遠-seal.svg 遠-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (袁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
薳 *ɢʷalʔ
袁 *ɢʷan
園 *ɢʷan
轅 *ɢʷan
猿 *ɢʷan
榬 *ɢʷan
溒 *ɢʷan
遠 *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-wəj-n (“far”) (STEDT). Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *wəj² (“far”), whence Burmese ဝေ (we, “far”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • huông - vernacular;
  • uōng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hn̄g/hňg/huīⁿ - vernacular;
    • oán - literary.
    Note:
    • heng6 - vernacular;
    • iang2/iêng2 - literary (iêng2 - Chaozhou).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 遠
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 云 (35)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 雲阮切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦʉɐnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷiɐnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣiuɐnX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦuanX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣiuɐnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣĭwɐnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯wɐnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuǎn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyun5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 遠
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yuǎn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hjwonX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.ɢʷanʔ/
    English far

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 遠
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 16226
    Phonetic
    component         		袁
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		遠
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷanʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    遠

    1. distant; remote; far
      Antonym: 近 (jìn)
    2. not intimate; distant
    3. profound
    4. (intensifier in a comparison) much; by far

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 遠

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 遠
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 云 (35)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 于願切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦʉɐnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷiɐnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣiuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦuanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣiuɐnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣĭwɐnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯wɐnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyun6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 遠
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 16227
    Phonetic
    component         		袁
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		遠
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷans/

    Definitions[edit]

    遠

    1. † to distance oneself from; to keep at a distance
    2. A surname​.

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    遠

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. distant, far
    2. temporally long
    3. unfriendly, keep away
    4. deep, profound
    5. estranged
    6. Tōtōmi Province

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    とお
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨to2po⟩ → */təpo/ → /tofo/ → /towo/ → /toː/

    From Old Japanese.

    Stem of classical adjective 遠し (tōshi), modern 遠い (tōi, “distant, far”).[1]

    Prefix[edit]

    遠(とお) • (tō-) ←とほ (tofo)?

    1. distant, far-off
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    おち
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    /woti/ → /wot͡ɕi/ → /ot͡ɕi/

    From Old Japanese.

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronoun[edit]

    遠(おち) • (ochi) ←をち (woti)?

    1. (archaic) a distant place
    2. (archaic) a time far from the present
      1. the distant past
      2. the far-off future

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    おと
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨woto2⟩ → */wotə/ → /woto/ → /oto/

    Shift from Old Japanese ochi, ancient woti (see above).[1][2]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronoun[edit]

    遠(おと) • (oto) ←をと (woto)?

    1. (archaic) a distant place
    2. (archaic) a time far from the present
      1. the distant past
      2. the far-off future
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    えん
    Grade: 2
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 遠 (MC ɦʉɐnX, “distant; remote; far”), corresponding to modern Mandarin yuǎn, Cantonese jyun5.

    As a verb in Chinese compounds like 遠色 (enshoku, “keep aloof from beauty”, kun'yomi iro o tōzaku), from Middle Chinese 遠 (MC ɦʉɐnH, “keep at a distance; keep away from”), corresponding to Mandarin yuàn, Cantonese jyun6.

    The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    遠(えん) • (en) ←ゑん (wen)?

    1. distant; far; remote (in time or space)
    2. distant (in relationship); estranged
    3. deep; profound
    4. Abbreviation of 遠江国 (Tōtōmi no kuni, “Tōtōmi Province”).
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    おん
    Grade: 2
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 遠 (MC ɦʉɐnX, “distant; remote; far”).

    The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    遠(おん) • (on) ←をん (won)?

    1. distant; far; remote (in time, space, or relationship)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    遠 (eumhun 멀 원 (meol won))

    1. Hanja form? of 원 (“distant; far”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    遠: Hán Nôm readings: viễn, vẻn, viển, vỏn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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