阮

阮 U+962E, 阮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-962E ← 阭 [U+962D] CJK Unified Ideographs 阯 → [U+962F]

Translingual

Han character

阮 (radical 170 阜+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 弓中一一山 (NLMMU), four-corner 7121₁, composition ⿰阝元)

References

• KangXi: page 1346, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41569
• Dae Jaweon: page 1848, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4116, character 6
• Unihan data for U+962E

---

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
冠	*kŋoːn, *kŋoːns
莞	*kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘	*ŋkoːnʔ
筦	*ŋkoːnʔ
梡	*ŋ̥ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏	*ŋoːn
刓	*ŋoːn
园	*ŋoːn
忨	*ŋoːn, *ŋoːns
蚖	*ŋoːn, *ŋon
黿	*ŋoːn, *ŋon
抏	*ŋoːn
玩	*ŋoːns
貦	*ŋoːns
翫	*ŋoːns
妧	*ŋoːns
完	*ɦŋoːn
捖	*ɦŋoːn
垸	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns
綄	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
院	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons
皖	*ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ
晥	*ɦŋoːnʔ
浣	*ɦŋoːnʔ
頑	*ŋroːn, *ŋroːn
睆	*ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇	*ɦŋroːnʔ
元	*ŋon
沅	*ŋon
芫	*ŋon
杬	*ŋon
邧	*ŋon, *ŋonʔ
阮	*ŋon, *ŋonʔ
俒	*ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋon, *ŋonʔ): semantic 阝 + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		阮

The ruan is named after Chinese scholar 阮咸 (Ruǎn Xián) of the Six Dynasties period, who played this instrument.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ruǎn (ruan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun², jyun⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiôn
• Min Dong (BUC): nuōng / uōng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ńg / goán / oán / úiⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nguêng² / nguang²

• Wu (Wiktionary): nyyoe (T3)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: ruǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄢˇ
    • Wade-Giles: juan³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: roan
    • IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯a̠n²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyun², jyun⁵
    • Yale: yún, yúhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn², jyn⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun², yun⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /jyːn³⁵/, /jyːn¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngion´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngion¹
    • IPA: /ɲi̯on²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nuōng / uōng
    • IPA ^(key): /nˡuoŋ³³/, /uoŋ³³/

Note:

• nuōng - instrument;
• uōng - surname.

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ńg
    • Tâi-lô: ńg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngr
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ŋ̍⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ŋ̍⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋ̍⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /ŋ̍⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goán
    • Tâi-lô: guán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goarn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /guan⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán
    • Tâi-lô: uán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oarn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: úiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: uínn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: vuie
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uĩ⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nguêng² / nguang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguéng / nguáng
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋueŋ⁵²/, /ŋuaŋ⁵²/

Note:

• nguêng2 - Chaozhou;
• nguang2 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: nyyoe (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲyø²³/

---

• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 阮
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐuan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʐuan²¹³/ /yan²¹³/
	Tianjin	/yan¹³/ /ʐuan¹³/
	Jinan	/yã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/yã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐuan⁵³/
	Xi'an	/vã⁵³/
	Xining	/yã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʐuan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/vɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/van⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/yɛn⁴²/
	Chengdu	/zuan⁵³/
	Guiyang	/zuan⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʐuã̠⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ʐuaŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʐʊ̃²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zuæ̃⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ʐuɑŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ʐuæ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵyø²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiø³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔyõ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ne³⁵/
	Tunxi	/yɛ²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/yẽ⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/yẽ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋion³¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyn³⁵/
	Nanning	/yn²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/jyn³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/guan⁵³/ /ŋ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋuoŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/nyiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/uaŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zuaŋ²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ŋʉɐn^X/▼

Rime
Character	阮
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	虞遠切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʉɐnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷiɐnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuanX/
Li Rong	/ŋiuɐnX/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwɐnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wɐnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuǎn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋonʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	阮
Reading #	2/2
No.	16153
Phonetic component	元
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	阮
Old Chinese	/*ŋonʔ/

Definitions

阮

1. A surname​.
2. (historical) state of Ruan (a small state during the Shang Dynasty)
3. (music) ruan

Synonyms

• (instrument): 秦琵琶 (qínpípá), 阮咸 (ruǎnxián), 阮琴

Compounds

Derived terms from 阮

• 中阮 (zhōngruǎn)
• 低音阮
• 南阮
• 南阮北阮

• 大阮
• 小阮
• 撥阮／拨阮
• 賢阮／贤阮

• 阮咸 (ruǎnxián)
• 阮囊羞澀／阮囊羞涩
• 阮孚蠟屐／阮孚蜡屐
• 高音阮

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		阮
alt. forms		我 㐾

Contraction of 我儂／我侬 (góa-nâng, “we”). See 儂 (“person; pronoun suffix”) for more.

Pronunciation

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): goán / gún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): uang² / ung² / ng²

---

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goán
    • Tâi-lô: guán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goarn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /guan⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /guan⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /guan⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /guan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /guan⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gún
    • Tâi-lô: gún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: guon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /gun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /gun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /gun⁵³/
    • IPA (Tong'an): /gun³¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /gun⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: uang² / ung² / ng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uáng / úng / ńg
    • IPA ^(key): /uaŋ⁵²/, /uŋ⁵²/, /ŋ⁵²/

Definitions

阮

1. (Min Nan, exclusive) we; our
2. (Hokkien) I; my

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		阮

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
    • Wade-Giles: yüan²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
    • IPA ^(key): /y̯ɛn³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ŋʉɐn/▼

Rime
Character	阮
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	愚袁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋon/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	阮
Reading #	1/2
No.	16152
Phonetic component	元
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	元
Old Chinese	/*ŋon/

Definitions

阮

1. ^† The name of a mountain.
2. ^† Alternative form of 原 (yuán), only used in 五阮關／五阮关.

---

Japanese

Kanji

阮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On: げん (gen)

---

Korean

Hanja

阮 • (wan, won) (hangeul 완, 원, revised wan, won, McCune-Reischauer wan, wŏn, Yale wan, wen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

• Hán Việt: nguyễn, ngán, ngón, ngoãn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.