黨

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See also: 党
黨 U+9EE8, 黨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EE8
← 黧
[U+9EE7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 黩 →
[U+9EE9]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 党
Simplified 党
Traditional 黨

Han character[edit]

黨 (Kangxi radical 203, 黑+8, 20 strokes, cangjie input 火月口田火 (FBRWF), four-corner 90331, composition ⿱𫩠黑)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1520, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48132
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2055, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4750, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9EE8

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 黨
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
黨-slip.svg 黨-seal.svg 黨-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
當 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠 *taːŋ
鐺 *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹 *taːŋ
璫 *taːŋ
檔 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷 *taːŋ
擋 *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨 *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜 *taːŋʔ
欓 *taːŋʔ
譡 *taːŋs
闣 *taːŋs
瓽 *taːŋs
鏜 *tʰaːŋ
闛 *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞 *tʰaːŋ
曭 *tʰaːŋʔ
儻 *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃 *tʰaːŋʔ
矘 *tʰaːŋʔ
爣 *tʰaːŋʔ
攩 *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌 *tʰaːŋʔ
倘 *tʰaːŋʔ
躺 *tʰaːŋʔ
趟 *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂 *daːŋ
坣 *daːŋ
棠 *daːŋ
糛 *daːŋ
螳 *daːŋ
隚 *daːŋ
橖 *daːŋ
掌 *tjaŋʔ
廠 *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞 *tʰjaŋʔ
僘 *tʰjaŋʔ
氅 *tʰjaŋʔ
常 *djaŋ
嘗 *djaŋ
裳 *djaŋ
徜 *djaŋ
尚 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞 *djaŋ
鋿 *djaŋ
嫦 *djaŋ
償 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞 *hjaŋʔ
瞠 *rtʰaːŋ
撐 *rtʰaːŋ
樘 *rtʰaːŋ
橕 *rtʰaːŋ
牚 *rtʰaːŋs
埫 *tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 黑 (“black”) – black; dark.

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 黨
simp. 党*
alternative forms 攩／挡
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 黨 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 黨 (Cantonese)

The endoactive of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 黨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 多朗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/taŋX/
Li
Rong 		/tɑŋX/
Wang
Li 		/tɑŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tɑŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǎng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dong2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 黨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǎng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tangX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁaŋʔ/
English 500 families; relatives

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 黨
Reading # 1/2
No. 11113
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		黨
Old
Chinese 		/*taːŋʔ/

Definitions[edit]

黨

  1. community; fellow community member
    鄉黨 / 乡党  ―  xiāngdǎng  ―  neighbours; local community
  2. gang; faction
    結黨 / 结党  ―  jiédǎng  ―  to form a faction
  3. (politics) party
    政黨 / 政党  ―  zhèngdǎng  ―  political party
    自由黨 / 自由党  ―  Zìyóudǎng  ―  Liberal Party
    1. (chiefly Mainland China, specifically) the Communist Party of China
      黨的十八大 / 党的十八大  ―  Dǎng de Shíbā Dà  ―  The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
      黨鐵 / 党铁 [Cantonese]  ―  dong2 tit3 [Jyutping]  ―  The "Commie" MTR
    2. (Vietnam, specifically) Communist Party of Vietnam
    3. (Wa State, specifically) United Wa State Party
  4. (used as suffix in Internet slang) a limited group or class of people, or a member of it
    標題黨 / 标题党  ―  biāotídǎng  ―  a person who writes articles or news using off-topic or misleading headlines; these kinds of people
  5. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 黨

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (黨):
  • → Japanese: 党(とう) (tō)
  • → Korean: 당 (黨, dang)
  • → Vietnamese: đảng (黨)

Others:

Etymology 2[edit]

trad. 黨
simp. 党*

Identified as an ancient Chu dialect word in Han Dynasty scholar Yang Xiong's Fangyan.

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twaŋ (“to see; to show”), whence Tibetan མཐོང (mthong, “to see; to perceive”).

Alternatively, it may be of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *tiɲ ~ *təɲ (“to know”), whence Khmer ដឹង (dəng), Eastern Bru ດັງ (dáng) (Behr, 2008; Ye, 2014).

Perhaps related to 懂 (dǒng, “to understand”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

黨

  1. (ancient Chu dialect) to know

Etymology 3[edit]

trad. 黨
simp. 党*

Pronunciation[edit]

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 黨
Reading # 2/2
No. 11132
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰaːŋʔ/
Notes 注通作儻

Definitions[edit]

黨

  1. Alternative form of 倘 (tǎng).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

党

Kyūjitai

黨

Kanji[edit]

黨

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 党)

  1. (political) party

Readings[edit]

Noun[edit]

黨(とう) • (tō)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 党)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 党: political party

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

黨 (eumhun 무리 당 (muri dang))

  1. Hanja form? of 당 (“political party”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

黨: Hán Nôm readings: đảng, đoảng

Noun[edit]

黨

  1. chữ Hán form of đảng (“party”).
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