思

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See also: 恖
思 U+601D, 思
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-601D
← 怜
[U+601C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 怞 →
[U+601E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

思 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田心 (WP), four-corner 60330, composition ⿱田心)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 381, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10462
  • Dae Jaweon: page 709, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2280, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+601D

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 思
alternative forms
 
恖
𢙦
𠃼
𡴓
𠂺
恖
𢙦
𠃼
𡴓
𠂺
𢍄

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 思
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (囟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崽 *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː
偲 *sn̥ʰɯː, *snɯ
腮 *snɯː
鰓 *snɯː
揌 *snɯː
顋 *snɯː
愢 *snɯː
毢 *snɯː
諰 *srɯː, *snɯʔ
細 *snɯːls
思 *snɯ, *snɯs
緦 *snɯ
罳 *snɯ
禗 *snɯ
楒 *snɯ
葸 *snɯʔ
恖 *snɯ
颸 *sʰrɯ
囟 *snɯns
顖 *sniŋs
毸 *snɯː

Original form was 恖 (OC *snɯ), considered by Shuowen to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *snɯ, *snɯs): phonetic 囟 (OC *snɯns) + semantic 心 (“heart”). It may also be a ideogrammic compound (會意): 囟 (“fontanel”) + 心 (“heart”).

囟 started to corrupt into the unrelated 田 as early as the silk script.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: sî - only in certain words (e.g. 相思樹).
Note:
  • su/sir - literary;
  • si - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 思
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 之 (19)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息兹切
    Baxter si
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɨ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɨ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sie/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sɨ/
    Li
    Rong         		/siə/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭə/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		si1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 思
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ si ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s]ə/
    English think

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 思
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 13835
    Phonetic
    component         		囟
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		思
    Old
    Chinese         		/*snɯ/

    Definitions[edit]

    思

    1. (literary, or in compounds) to think; to cogitate
      沉思  ―  chénsī  ―  to ponder; to contemplate
    2. (literary, or in compounds) to miss; to yearn for
      思鄉／思乡  ―  sīxiāng  ―  to be homesick
    3. (literary, or in compounds) to hope; to wish
    4. (literary, or in compounds) feeling; mood
    5. (literary, or in compounds) thought; thinking
      文思  ―  wénsī  ―  thread of ideas in writing
    6. (obsolete) to lament; to grieve for
    7. (obsolete) meaningless sentence-initial particle
    8. (obsolete) meaningless sentence-medial particle
    9. (obsolete) sentence-final interjectional particle
    10. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to think):
    • (to miss):
    • (to hope):
    • (feeling):

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 思
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 之 (19)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 相吏切
    Baxter siH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɨH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɨH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sieH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sɨH/
    Li
    Rong         		/siəH/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭəH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/siH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		si3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 思
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 13843
    Phonetic
    component         		囟
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		笥
    Old
    Chinese         		/*snɯs/

    Definitions[edit]

    思

    1. † thought; feeling; mood

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    思

    1. † Alternative form of 䰄 (“heavily bearded”)

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    思

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. think

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 思 (MC si).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ (Yale: sò?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄉᆡᆼ각 ᄉᆞ Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
    Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 ᄉᆞ량 ᄉᆞ Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
    Early Modern Korean
    Text Final (韻) Reading
    Samun Seonghwi, 1751 ᄉᆡᆼ각 ᄉᆞ Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆞ (Yale: so) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (to think; etc.):
    • (in 사상 (思想, sasang, “thought”)):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
      • Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    思 (eumhun 생각할 사 (saenggakhal sa))

    1. Hanja form? of 사 (“to think”).
    2. Hanja form? of 사 (“thought; thinking; idea”).
    3. Hanja form? of 사 (“to miss; to yearn for”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 思 (MC siH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ〮 (Yale: só?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] ᄠᅳᆮ ᄉᆞ[1] Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
    Early Modern Korean
    Text Final (韻) Reading
    Samun Seonghwi, 1751 의ᄉᆞ ᄉᆞ Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆞ (Yale: so) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.
    1. ^ 去聲

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    思 (eumhun 생각 사 (saenggak sa))

    1. Hanja form? of 사 (“thought”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Related to Middle Chinese 䰄 (MC soj).

    Hanja[edit]

    思 (eumhun 수염이 많을 새 (suyeom-i maneul sae))

    1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 䰄 (“Hanja form? of 새 (“heavily bearded”).”)

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    思: Hán Nôm readings: tư, tơ, tứ

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