吏

See also: 史 and 更

吏	U+540F, 吏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-540F

← 后
[U+540E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

吐 →
[U+5410]

吏	U+F9DE, 吏 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DE

← 利
[U+F9DD]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

履 →
[U+F9DF]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

吏 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十中大 (JLK), four-corner 5000₆, composition ⿻一史 or ⿻丈口)

Derived characters[edit]

使, 𠲀, 𦧜, 𧧅, 𪘌, 𫣙, 𣥱, 𣦰, 㤦, 𣆘, 𩂲, 𣳪, 𬃻, 𧀞, 𮃂,𫣚, 𥒅, 𩰢, 𥥥, 𠦱, 𦪨, 𣬒, 𩢲, 𩣬, 𬳺, 㹬, 𧳅, 𥟹

References[edit]

KangXi: page 176, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3299
Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 18, character 3
Unihan data for U+540F

Unihan data for U+F9DE

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		吏
alternative forms		叓

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 吏
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (史) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
吏	*rɯs
倳	*ʔsrɯs
剚	*ʔsrɯs
事	ʔsrɯs, zrɯs
史	*srɯʔ
使	srɯʔ, srɯs
駛	srɯʔ, srɯs

Etymology[edit]

See 理 (lǐ, “envoy, jail official, matchmaker”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁶
Min Dong (BUC): lê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lī / lē

(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lei⁶
  - Yale: leih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: léi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯²²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛi²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī
  - Tâi-lô: lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: li
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /li³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /li²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
  - Tâi-lô: lē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: le
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²²/

Note:

lī/lē - literary;
lē - vernacular (俗, Xiamen).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: li⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lī
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /li¹¹/

Middle Chinese: /lɨ^H/

Rime
Character	吏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力置切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨ^H/
Li Rong	/liə^H/
Wang Li	/lĭə^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]əʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*rɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ li^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]əʔ-s/
English	officer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吏
Reading #	1/1
No.	11482
Phonetic component	史
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	吏
Old Chinese	/*rɯs/
Notes	史轉註字

Definitions[edit]

吏

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 吏

爪牙吏
猾吏
獄吏／狱吏 (yùlì)
甕間吏部／瓮间吏部
甲吏
疆吏
純吏／纯吏
署吏
老吏
胥吏 (xūlì)
能吏
苛吏 (kēlì)
蒙吏
計吏／计吏
貪吏／贪吏 (tānlì)
貪吏猾胥／贪吏猾胥
貪官汙吏／贪官污吏
郵吏／邮吏
酷吏 (kùlì)
長吏／长吏 (zhǎnglì)
門吏／门吏 (ménlì)
門生故吏／门生故吏 (ménshēng gùlì)
驛吏／驿吏
黠吏 (xiálì)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

吏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
Kun: つかさ (tsukasa, 吏)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 吏 (MC lɨ^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 리〯 (lǐ) (Yale: li) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

吏

Wikisource

吏 (eumhun 벼슬아치 리 (byeoseurachi ri), South Korea 벼슬아치 이 (byeoseurachi i))

Hanja form^? of 리/이 (“government official”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

서리 (胥吏, seori)
이서 (吏胥, iseo)
관리 (官吏, gwalli)
옥리 (獄吏, ongni)
이두 (吏讀, idu)
탐관오리 (貪官汚吏, tamgwanori)

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]