力
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Translingual
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Han character
[edit]力 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大尸 (KS), four-corner 40027, composition ⿻𠃌丿)
- Kangxi radical #19, ⼒.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/力
- 仂, 伤, 𭂇, 㔹, 叻, 㘦, 㘯, 𭒹, 𡯄, 𡴽, 幼, 忇, 扐, 氻, 𤜜, 阞, 边, 攰, 𰃌, 㫑, 朸, 𣦺, 牞, 玏, 肋, 𥘋, 㽖, 糼, 𦔳, 𦘓, 𬜑, 𧖩, 助, 𡖎, 㱝, 𪵶, 觔, 𧲡, 𧴧, 赲, 𧾼, 䡃, 䣦, 釛, 飭(饬), 𩖙, 𤟋, 䯇, 𩱹, 𭱛, 𬂿, 𬈆, 𩵓, 鳨, 𫜋, 𪋾, 𣾗, 𢣛
- 𬩳, 𫻧, 𣂒, 𭤧, 历, 另, 夯, 屴, 𢆲, 艻, 𪭊, 男, 穷, 竻, 虏, 𩫸, 𪧔, 𩾜, 𣪤, 𤼶, 𡉂, 𢖰, 𤰛, 𧴥, 𬮅, 为, 辦, 𫝓, 䏮, 朂, 䇟
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]- カ (Japanese katakana)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2288
- Dae Jaweon: page 327, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 364, character 4
- Unihan data for U+529B
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
力 | |
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alternative forms | 𠠲 ⿻力丶 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 力 | ||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Ming typeface |
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Pictogram (象形) – alternative interpretation, either an arm bending out from the side of the body, or a wooden plough.
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-ra (“strength; to win; classifier for people”) + *-k (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Burmese အား (a:, “strength; force”); Proto-Loloish *ra² (“strength”), whence Nuosu ꊋ (we); Panyi Bai [script needed] (ɣɯ̱⁴², “strength”); Central Bai hhep (“strength”). A causative derivative is 飭 (OC rhək) (Schuessler, 2007).
Schuessler (2007) also suggests an etymological connection with 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): lǐ
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): li̊q
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ли (li, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lik6
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ngeak8
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): let5
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): lik6
- Gan (Wiktionary): lit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): lieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): lì / sā̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): lĭk
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): lik5
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 8liq / 8lieoq
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): li6
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): li4
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): li2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lì
- Wade–Giles: li4
- Yale: lì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ni2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: lǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: li̊q
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): liq5
- Sinological IPA (key): /liʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ли (li, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lik6
- Yale: lihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: lik9
- Guangdong Romanization: lig6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪk̚²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: ngeak8
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋək̚²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: let5
- Sinological IPA (key): /let̚³²/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: lik6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪk̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lit̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: lid
- Hagfa Pinyim: lid6
- Sinological IPA: /lit̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: lieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /liəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lì / sā̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁴²/, /sɛ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- lì - literary;
- sā̤ - vernacular.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃iʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Nan'an, Yongchun, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
- Tâi-lô: lia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: liak
- IPA (Hui'an): /liak̚²³/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lit
- Tâi-lô: lit
- Phofsit Daibuun: lid
- IPA (Longyan): /lit̚⁵/
- la̍t - vernacular;
- le̍k/lia̍k/lit - literary.
- lag8 - vernacular;
- lig4 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: lik5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪk̚²⁴/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Wugniu: 8liq
- MiniDict: lih入
- MiniDict: lieh入
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 5liq
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liɪʔ¹²/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /liɪʔ¹²/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦliəʔ²/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /liɪʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /liɪʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /liɪʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /liəʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Haining): /liəʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /liəʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /liəʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /lieʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /liɪʔ¹²/
- (Northern: Songjiang)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: li6
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²⁴/
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: li4
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³⁵/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: li2
- Sinological IPA (key): /li¹¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 力 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /li⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /li⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /li⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /li²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /li⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /li²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /li²¹/ | |
Xining | /l̩⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /li¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /li¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /li²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ni³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ni²¹/ | |
Kunming | /li³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /liʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /liəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /liəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /liʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /liəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /liɪʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /liəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /liəʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /lei²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /li²²/ |
Tunxi | /li¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /li²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ni²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /liʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /lit̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /lit̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lek̚²/ |
Nanning | /lek̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /lik̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lik̚⁵/ /lat̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /liʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /li⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /lak̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /lek̚⁵/ /lak̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: lik
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.rək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rɯɡ/
Definitions
[edit]力
- physical strength; physical power; energy
- force; strength; power
- (physics) force
- ability; capability
- power and influence; might
- (literary) to make an effort; to strive; to endeavor; to work hard
- with all one's might; doing all in one's power
- a surname: Li
Synonyms
[edit]- (physical strength):
- (ability):
- 一手
- 人才 (réncái)
- 伎倆/伎俩 (jìliǎng) (literary)
- 俊才 (jùncái)
- 兩手/两手 (liǎngshǒu)
- 力量 (lìliàng)
- 功力 (gōnglì)
- 功夫 (gōngfu) (especially in martial arts)
- 天才 (tiāncái) (genius)
- 才具 (cáijù) (formal)
- 才力 (cáilì)
- 才器 (cáiqì) (literary)
- 才幹/才干 (cáigàn)
- 才情 (cáiqíng)
- 手段 (shǒuduàn)
- 手法 (shǒufǎ)
- 手眼 (shǒuyǎn)
- 才能
- 手腕 (shǒuwàn)
- 手腕子 (shou3 onn3 zr) (Xiang)
- 才華/才华 (cáihuá)
- 技巧 (jìqiǎo)
- 把式 (bǎshì) (dialectal)
- 技能 (jìnéng)
- 技藝/技艺 (jìyì)
- 技術/技术 (jìshù)
- 招數/招数 (zhāoshù)
- 本事
- 本領/本领 (běnlǐng)
- 材幹/材干 (cáigān) (Classical Chinese)
- 能力 (nénglì)
- 能為/能为 (néngwéi) (literary, dialectal)
- 能耐 (néngnài) (colloquial)
- 能量 (néngliàng)
- 花頭/花头 (Wu)
- 著數/着数
- 解數/解数
- 資力/资力 (zīlì)
- 路數/路数 (lùshù)
- 身手 (shēnshǒu)
- 道行
- (function):
- (to make an effort):
- 一力 (yīlì)
- 下力 (xiàlì)
- 不遺餘力/不遗余力 (bùyíyúlì)
- 僶俛/𠊟俯 (mǐnmiǎn) (literary)
- 儘力/尽力 (jǐnlì) (archaic)
- 全力以赴 (quánlìyǐfù)
- 出力 (chūlì)
- 力圖/力图 (lìtú)
- 力求 (lìqiú)
- 力爭/力争 (lìzhēng)
- 加勁/加劲 (jiājìn)
- 努力 (nǔlì)
- 勉力 (miǎnlì)
- 呵嘶呵嘶 (o4 sr1 o4 sr1) (Xiang)
- 強力/强力 (qiánglì) (literary)
- 悉力 (xīlì) (literary)
- 打拼 (dǎpīn)
- 拍拚 (Hokkien, Teochew)
- 拍灘/拍滩 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 拼搏 (pīnbó)
- 搏 (bó) (literary, or in compounds)
- 摔拍 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 攢勁/攒劲 (zan3 jin4) (Xiang)
- 極力/极力 (jílì)
- 殫力/殚力 (dānlì)
- 用力 (yònglì)
- 盡力/尽力 (jìnlì)
- 竭力 (jiélì)
- 竭盡全力/竭尽全力 (jiéjìnquánlì)
- 落力 (lok6 lik6) (Cantonese, Pinghua, Hakka, Pinghua, Hokkien, Pinghua, Teochew, Pinghua, Wenzhounese, Pinghua)
- 賣力/卖力 (màilì)
- 賣力氣/卖力气 (mài lìqi)
Compounds
[edit]- 一力 (yīlì)
- 一臂之力 (yībìzhīlì)
- 不力 (bùlì)
- 不自量力 (bùzìliànglì)
- 不量力
- 主力 (zhǔlì)
- 乞力馬扎羅山/乞力马扎罗山
- 人力 (rénlì)
- 他力
- 以力服人
- 伯力 (Bólì)
- 併力/并力 (bìnglì)
- 依力克其 (Yīlìkèqí)
- 侵徹力/侵彻力
- 倍力橋/倍力桥
- 假力
- 健力
- 側蝕力/侧蚀力
- 傾力/倾力
- 傳染力/传染力 (chuánrǎnlì)
- 儘力/尽力 (jǐnlì)
- 免疫力 (miǎnyìlì)
- 內力/内力
- 內聚力/内聚力
- 全力 (quánlì)
- 公信力 (gōngxìnlì)
- 兵力 (bīnglì)
- 凝聚力 (níngjùlì)
- 出力 (chūlì)
- 分力
- 分子力
- 分解力
- 判斷力/判断力 (pànduànlì)
- 創造力/创造力 (chuàngzàolì)
- 力不到,不為財/力不到,不为财
- 力不副心
- 力不勝任/力不胜任
- 力不同科
- 力不從心/力不从心 (lìbùcóngxīn)
- 力不從願/力不从愿
- 力不自勝/力不自胜
- 力主 (lìzhǔ)
- 力乏兵衰
- 力作 (lìzuò)
- 力促 (lìcù)
- 力倍功半
- 力偶 (lì'ǒu)
- 力克 (lìkè)
- 力分勢弱/力分势弱
- 力力碌碌
- 力勝/力胜
- 力勸/力劝
- 力困筋乏
- 力圖/力图 (lìtú)
- 力均勢敵/力均势敌
- 力場/力场 (lìchǎng)
- 力士 (lìshì)
- 力大無窮/力大无穷
- 力學/力学 (lìxué)
- 力屈勢窮/力屈势穷
- 力屈計窮/力屈计穷
- 力屈道窮/力屈道穷
- 力巴
- 力平衡
- 力度 (lìdù)
- 力弱
- 力強/力强
- 力役
- 力征 (lìzhēng)
- 力微任重
- 力戒 (lìjiè)
- 力戰/力战 (lìzhàn)
- 力所能及 (lìsuǒnéngjí)
- 力把
- 力拚
- 力持
- 力挫
- 力挽狂瀾/力挽狂澜 (lìwǎnkuánglán)
- 力排眾議/力排众议 (lìpáizhòngyì)
- 力攻 (lìgōng)
- 力政
- 力敵勢均/力敌势均
- 力敵萬人/力敌万人
- 力敵萬夫/力敌万夫
- 力有未逮 (lìyǒuwèidài)
- 力殫財竭/力殚财竭
- 力氣/力气 (lìqi)
- 力水
- 力求 (lìqiú)
- 力濟九區/力济九区
- 力爭/力争 (lìzhēng)
- 力田
- 力畜
- 力疾
- 力盛
- 力盡筋疲/力尽筋疲
- 力盡筋舒/力尽筋舒
- 力矩 (lìjǔ)
- 力竭 (lìjié)
- 力臂 (lìbì)
- 力臣
- 力荐 (lìjiàn)
- 力薄才疏
- 力行 (lìxíng)
- 力衰
- 力請/力请
- 力謀/力谋
- 力證/力证 (lìzhèng)
- 力蹙勢窮/力蹙势穷
- 力軟筋麻/力软筋麻
- 力辭不受/力辞不受
- 力透紙背/力透纸背
- 力道
- 力邀
- 力避 (lìbì)
- 力量 (lìliàng)
- 力錢/力钱
- 力阻
- 力點/力点
- 功力 (gōnglì)
- 加力騷/加力骚
- 努力 (nǔlì)
- 助力 (zhùlì)
- 努筋拔力
- 勉力 (miǎnlì)
- 務力/务力
- 動力/动力 (dònglì)
- 勞力/劳力 (láolì)
- 勠力 (lùlì)
- 勢力/势力 (shìlì)
- 勢單力薄/势单力薄 (shìdānlìbó)
- 勢均力敵/势均力敌 (shìjūnlìdí)
- 勢窮力孤/势穷力孤
- 勢窮力極/势穷力极
- 匹力撲六/匹力扑六
- 十力
- 協力/协力 (xiélì)
- 反撞力
- 合力 (hélì)
- 吃力 (chīlì)
- 同心僇力
- 吸力 (xīlì)
- 吹灰之力 (chuīhuīzhīlì)
- 咭力骨碌
- 回力棒
- 回力球
- 回天之力
- 國力/国力 (guólì)
- 地力 (dìlì)
- 壓克力/压克力 (yākèlì)
- 壓力/压力 (yālì)
- 外力 (wàilì)
- 大力 (dàlì)
- 夯力
- 奮力/奋力 (fènlì)
- 好力寶/好力宝
- 威力 (wēilì)
- 媚力 (mèilì)
- 孤力難為/孤力难为 (gū lì nán wéi)
- 學力/学力 (xuélì)
- 定力 (dìnglì)
- 宣力
- 實力/实力 (shílì)
- 工力 (gōnglì)
- 巧克力 (qiǎokèlì)
- 巴力 (Bālì)
- 希力奧斯/希力奥斯
- 帝力 (Dìlì)
- 平衡力
- 年輕力壯/年轻力壮 (niánqīnglìzhuàng)
- 并力 (bìnglì)
- 幻想力
- 度德量力
- 引力 (yǐnlì)
- 引潮力
- 張力/张力 (zhānglì)
- 強力/强力 (qiánglì)
- 彈力/弹力 (tánlì)
- 影響力/影响力 (yǐngxiǎnglì)
- 後座力/后座力 (hòuzuòlì)
- 後繼乏力/后继乏力
- 得力 (délì)
- 心力 (xīnlì)
- 心餘力絀/心余力绌 (xīnyúlìchù)
- 念力 (niànlì)
- 思力 (sīlì)
- 怪力亂神/怪力乱神 (guàilìluànshén)
- 悉力 (xīlì)
- 悉心畢力/悉心毕力
- 惜力 (xīlì)
- 惟力是視/惟力是视
- 情見力屈/情见力屈
- 想像力 (xiǎngxiànglì)
- 應力/应力 (yìnglì)
- 戮力 (lùlì)
- 戰力/战力 (zhànlì)
- 才力 (cáilì)
- 扭力 (niǔlì)
- 抗力 (kànglì)
- 拉力 (lālì)
- 拔山力
- 推力 (tuīlì)
- 掌力
- 接力 (jiēlì)
- 接觸力/接触力
- 握力 (wòlì)
- 摩擦力 (mócālì)
- 效力 (xiàolì)
- 斥力 (chìlì)
- 旅力
- 既判力
- 日力 (rìlì)
- 智力 (zhìlì)
- 智均力敵/智均力敌
- 暴力 (bàolì)
- 替力
- 有力 (yǒulì)
- 有氣沒力/有气没力
- 朱古力 (zhūgǔlì)
- 格力
- 核力 (hélì)
- 核子力
- 棉薄之力
- 業力/业力
- 極力/极力 (jílì)
- 權力/权力 (quánlì)
- 權鈞力齊/权钧力齐
- 欣賞力/欣赏力
- 欲振乏力
- 歇力
- 武力 (wǔlì)
- 死力 (sǐlì)
- 殫力/殚力 (dānlì)
- 殫精畢力/殚精毕力
- 殺傷力/杀伤力 (shāshānglì)
- 毅力 (yìlì)
- 比權量力/比权量力
- 民力 (mínlì)
- 氣力/气力 (qìlì)
- 水力 (shuǐlì)
- 汽力 (qìlì)
- 法力 (fǎlì)
- 注意力 (zhùyìlì)
- 活力 (huólì)
- 浮力 (fúlì)
- 潛力/潜力 (qiánlì)
- 潮力發電/潮力发电
- 火力 (huǒlì)
- 無力/无力 (wúlì)
- 無能為力/无能为力 (wúnéngwéilì)
- 熱力/热力 (rèlì)
- 營力/营力
- 爆發力/爆发力 (bàofālì)
- 物力 (wùlì)
- 犬馬之力/犬马之力 (quǎnmǎzhīlì)
- 猛力
- 獨力/独力 (dúlì)
- 獸力車/兽力车
- 理解力 (lǐjiělì)
- 生力軍/生力军 (shēnglìjūn)
- 生力麵/生力面
- 生命力 (shēngmìnglì)
- 生產力/生产力 (shēngchǎnlì)
- 用力 (yònglì)
- 畜力 (chùlì)
- 畢力同心/毕力同心
- 盡力/尽力 (jìnlì)
- 目力 (mùlì)
- 省力 (shěnglì)
- 眼力 (yǎnlì)
- 破壞力/破坏力 (pòhuàilì)
- 磁力 (cílì)
- 神力 (shénlì)
- 神工妙力
- 視力/视力 (shìlì)
- 科氏力 (kēshìlì)
- 科里奧利力 (kēlǐ'àolìlì)
- 稽古之力
- 窮心劇力/穷心剧力
- 竭力 (jiélì)
- 競爭力/竞争力 (jìngzhēnglì)
- 筆力/笔力 (bǐlì)
- 筋疲力盡/筋疲力尽 (jīnpílìjìn)
- 筋疲力軟/筋疲力软
- 精力 (jīnglì)
- 精疲力盡/精疲力尽 (jīngpílìjìn)
- 絕力/绝力
- 綿力/绵力 (miánlì)
- 縛雞之力/缚鸡之力
- 續航力/续航力
- 群力 (qúnlì)
- 群策群力 (qúncèqúnlì)
- 耐力 (nàilì)
- 耳力 (ěrlì)
- 聯想力/联想力
- 聲雄力猛/声雄力猛
- 聽力/听力 (tīnglì)
- 肆力
- 肥力 (féilì)
- 股肱之力
- 能力 (nénglì)
- 腦力/脑力 (nǎolì)
- 腳力/脚力 (jiǎolì)
- 膂力 (lǚlì)
- 自不量力 (zìbùliànglì)
- 自力 (zìlì)
- 自然力 (zìránlì)
- 自食其力 (zìshíqílì)
- 致力 (zhìlì)
- 艾力西湖 (Àilìxīhú)
- 苦力 (kǔlì)
- 著力/着力 (zhuólì)
- 蓋孜力克/盖孜力克 (Gàizīlìkè)
- 藥力/药力 (yàolì)
- 號召力/号召力 (hàozhàolì)
- 蚊力 (wénlì)
- 蠻力/蛮力
- 衝力/冲力 (chōnglì)
- 親和力/亲和力 (qīnhélì)
- 角力
- 觔力/斤力
- 解像力
- 觸山之力/触山之力
- 計盡力窮/计尽力穷
- 計窮力屈/计穷力屈
- 計窮力極/计穷力极
- 計窮力盡/计穷力尽
- 記憶力/记忆力 (jìyìlì)
- 誘惑力/诱惑力 (yòuhuòlì)
- 說服力/说服力
- 財力/财力 (cáilì)
- 財匱力絀/财匮力绌
- 財殫力盡/财殚力尽
- 財竭力盡/财竭力尽
- 貲力/赀力
- 費力/费力 (fèilì)
- 資力/资力 (zīlì)
- 賣力/卖力 (màilì)
- 賽力/赛力 (Sàilì)
- 購買力/购买力 (gòumǎilì)
- 赤力力
- 身強力壯/身强力壮 (shēnqiánglìzhuàng)
- 軍力/军力 (jūnlì)
- 較時量力/较时量力
- 通力 (tōnglì)
- 道力
- 運力/运力
- 酒力 (jiǔlì)
- 重力 (zhònglì)
- 量力而為/量力而为 (liànglì'érwéi)
- 量力而行 (liànglì'érxíng)
- 量小力微
- 量時度力/量时度力
- 阻力 (zǔlì)
- 阿莎力 (āshālì)
- 陳力就列/陈力就列
- 電力/电力 (diànlì)
- 震撼力
- 靈力/灵力 (línglì)
- 靜力平衡/静力平衡
- 靜摩擦力/静摩擦力
- 預力/预力
- 願力/愿力
- 風力/风力 (fēnglì)
- 食力 (shílì)
- 餘力/余力 (yúlì)
- 馬力/马力 (mǎlì)
- 骨力
- 體力/体力 (tǐlì)
- 鬥力/斗力 (dòulì)
- 鬼力
- 魄力 (pòlì)
- 魅力 (mèilì)
- 魔力 (mólì)
- 鼎力 (dǐnglì)
- 齊心同力/齐心同力
Descendants
[edit]Others:
References
[edit]- “力”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: りき (riki, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: りょく (ryoku, Jōyō)
- Kun: ちから (chikara, 力, Jōyō); りきむ (rikimu, 力む); つとめる (tsutomeru, 力める)
- Nanori: いさお (isao); いさむ (isamu); お (o); か (ka); ちか (chika); ちから (chikara); じから (jikara); つとむ (tsutomu); よし (yoshi)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
力 |
ちから Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tikara. Compound of Old Japanese elements 霊 (chi, “power, life force, essence”) + 柄 (kara, “source, origin”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 力足 (chikara ashi): a tensed leg; tensing one's legs; (sumo) the traditional sumo stomp at the beginning of a match
- 力合わせ (chikara awase): matching strength: a competition of strength; (by extension) a sumo match
- 力軍 (chikara ikusa): a test of strength, a competition of strength
- 力石 (chikara ishi): a large stone used as a dumbbell for purposes of tests of strength
- 力一杯 (chikara ippai): with all one's strength, as hard as one can
- 力持ち (chikaramochi): a very strong person
- 力添え (chikarazoe): help, assistance, aid
Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
- a surname
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
力 |
りき Grade: 1 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 力 (lik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese reading lik6.
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]- power, strength
- 力学、力士、二馬力
- rikigaku, rikishi, nibariki
- “power studies” (dynamics), “strength person” (sumo wrestler), two horsepower
- 力学、力士、二馬力
Noun
[edit]- physical strength
- (Buddhism) capability, especially mystical power
- (Buddhism) the suchness of ability, one of the Ten Suchnesses in Mahayana Buddhism
- short for 力者 (rikisha): a strong person
- (archaic) short for 車力 (shariki), 力車 (rikisha): a rickshaw
- (archaic) a rickshaw operator's wages
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
力 |
りょく Grade: 1 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 力 (lì), but apparently from a different source dialect or at a different time than 力 (lik). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare reconstructed Middle Chinese reading /li̯ək/ or Korean reading ryeok.
Only found in compounds and idioms in modern Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 引力 (inryoku, “attractive force”)
- 営力 (eiryoku, “geomorphic agent”)
- 気力 (kiryoku, “spirit; drive; morale; vigor”)
- 斥力 (sekiryoku, “repulsive force”)
- 動力 (dōryoku, “energy, motive force”)
- 力争 (ryokusō, “test of strength; hard fight”)
- 努力 (doryoku, “effort, endeavor”)
- 協力 (kyōryoku, “cooperation; working together”)
- 体力 (tairyoku, “bodily strength; physical power”)
- 魅力 (miryoku, “allure, charm, glamour”)
- 実力 (jitsuryoku, “merit, true ability; force”)
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 力 (MC lik). Perhaps more specifically from Late Middle Chinese 力 (LMC *liə̌k).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 륵〮 (Yale: lúk) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾjʌ̹k̚] ~ [jʌ̹k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [력/역]
Hanja
[edit]力 (eumhun 힘 력 (him ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 힘 역 (him yeok))
Compounds
[edit]- 마력 (魔力, maryeok)
- 마력 (馬力, maryeok)
- 강력 (強力, gangnyeok)
- 권력 (權力, gwollyeok)
- 근력 (筋力, geullyeok)
- 노력 (努力, noryeok)
- 능력 (能力, neungnyeok)
- 동력 (動力, dongnyeok)
- 매력 (魅力, maeryeok)
- 무력 (武力, muryeok)
- 부력 (浮力, buryeok)
- 병력 (兵力, byeongnyeok)
- 세력 (勢力, seryeok)
- 속력 (速力, songnyeok)
- 수력 (水力, suryeok)
- 시력 (視力, siryeok)
- 실력 (實力, sillyeok)
- 압력 (壓力, amnyeok)
- 약력 (弱力, yangnyeok)
- 역기 (力器, yeokgi)
- 역도 (力道, yeokdo)
- 외력 (外力, oeryeok)
- 인력 (人力, illyeok)
- 인력 (引力, illyeok)
- 조력 (助力, joryeok)
- 조력 (潮力, joryeok)
- 중력 (重力, jungnyeok)
- 지력 (智力, jiryeok)
- 폭력 (暴力, pongnyeok)
- 풍력 (風力, pungnyeok)
- 학력 (學力, hangnyeok)
- 협력 (協力, hyeomnyeok)
- 화력 (火力, hwaryeok)
- 효력 (效力, hyoryeok)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]力: Hán Việt readings: lực (
力: Nôm readings: sức[1][3][4], lực[2][3], sực[3][4], sựt[3][4], rực[1]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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