幼
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]幼 (Kangxi radical 52, 幺+2, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 女戈大尸 (VIKS), four-corner 24727, composition ⿰幺力)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 342, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9193
- Dae Jaweon: page 650, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1093, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5E7C
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
幼 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 㓜 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 幼 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
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Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 幺 (“tiny”) + 力 (“strength”). 幺 (OC *qiːw) may also act as a phonetic component.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): yōu
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau3
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): jaau3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): yiu1
- Gan (Wiktionary): iu4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): iou3
- Northern Min (KCR): iū
- Eastern Min (BUC): iú
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu4
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): jau3
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): iou4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yòu
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yòu
- Wade–Giles: yu4
- Yale: yòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yow
- Palladius: ю (ju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: yōu
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɤu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jau3
- Yale: yau
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau3
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯³³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: jaau3
- Sinological IPA (key): /zau³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yiu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiu³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: iu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu
- Hakka Romanization System: iu
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯u⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: rhiuˇ
- Sinological IPA: /ʒiu¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: iou3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəu⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iū
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iú
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛu²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: jau3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jəu⁵⁵/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 5ieu
- MiniDict: ieu去
- MiniDict: iu去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2ieu
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɤ³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /iɯ³⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ʔiɵ³³/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ʏ⁵²³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /iəu³³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /iø⁴⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /iɤ³³/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /iʏ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /iu⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading)
- (Northern: Changzhou)
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: iou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /i̯əu̯⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: 'jiwH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ](r)iw-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯws/
Definitions
[edit]幼
- (literary, or in compounds) infant; young child
- (literary, or in compounds) young
- (literary, or in compounds) immature
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to love; to take care of (the young)
- 老吾老，以及人之老；幼吾幼，以及人之幼。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Lǎo wú lǎo, yǐjí rén zhī lǎo; yòu wú yòu, yǐjí rén zhī yòu. [Pinyin]
- Treat with the kindness due to youth the young in your own family, so that the young in the families of others shall be similarly treated.
(Alternatively: “Respect the elderly in your own family as well as you respect the elderly in other families. Care for your own children as well as you care for others’ children.”)
- (Cantonese, Southern Min, Eastern Min) thin; fine (not coarse)
- (Southern Min, Eastern Min, of food) tender; soft
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (infant):
- (young):
- (thin):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 細 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 細 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 細 |
| Taiwan | 細 | |
| Singapore | 細 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 細 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 細 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 細 |
| Wuhan | 細 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 細 |
| Hefei | 細 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幼 |
| Hong Kong | 幼 | |
| Yangjiang | 細, 嫩 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 幼 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 細 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 幼, 細 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 細 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 細 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 杪, 幼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 幼 |
| Tainan | 幼 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 幼 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 幼 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 幼 | |
| Chaozhou | 幼, 細 | |
| Wenchang | 幼 | |
| Haikou | 幼 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 細 |
| Wenzhou | 細 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 細 |
| Shuangfeng | 細 | |
- (tender):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 嫩 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 嫩 |
| Singapore | 嫩 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 嫩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嫩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 嫩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 嫩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嫩 |
| Hong Kong | 嫩 | |
| Dongguan | 嫩 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 嫩 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 嫩 |
| Lichuan | 嫩 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 嫩 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 幼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 幼 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 幼 | |
| Quanzhou | 幼 | |
| Zhangzhou | 幼 | |
| Tainan | 幼 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 幼 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 幼 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 幼 | |
| Wenchang | 幼 | |
| Haikou | 幼 | |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 嫩 |
| Ningbo | 嫩 | |
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “young”): 老 (lǎo)
Compounds
[edit]- 低幼兒童 / 低幼儿童
- 低幼讀物 / 低幼读物
- 出幼
- 婦幼 / 妇幼 (fùyòu)
- 嬰幼兒 / 婴幼儿 (yīngyòu'ér)
- 年幼 (niányòu)
- 年幼無知 / 年幼无知
- 幼主 (yòuzhǔ)
- 幼兒 / 幼儿 (yòu'ér)
- 幼兒教育 / 幼儿教育 (yòu'ér jiàoyù)
- 幼功
- 幼子 (yòuzǐ)
- 幼孤 (yòugū)
- 幼學 / 幼学
- 幼學壯行 / 幼学壮行
- 幼學瓊林 / 幼学琼林
- 幼小 (yòuxiǎo)
- 幼崽 (yòuzǎi)
- 幼年 (yòunián)
- 幼弱 (yòuruò)
- 幼托 (yòutuō)
- 幼教 (yòujiào)
- 幼林
- 幼株
- 幼稚 (yòuzhì)
- 幼稚園 / 幼稚园 (yòuzhìyuán)
- 幼稚園病 / 幼稚园病
- 幼稚教育
- 幼稚病 (yòuzhìbìng)
- 幼穉
- 幼童 (yòutóng)
- 幼童軍 / 幼童军
- 幼艾
- 幼芽 (yòuyá)
- 幼苗 (yòumiáo)
- 幼蟲 / 幼虫 (yòuchóng)
- 幼風 / 幼风
- 幼體 / 幼体 (yòutǐ)
- 幼齒 / 幼齿 (yòuchǐ)
- 慈幼
- 托幼 (tuōyòu)
- 扶幼週 / 扶幼周
- 扶老攜幼 / 扶老携幼 (fúlǎoxiéyòu)
- 攜幼扶老 / 携幼扶老
- 攜老扶幼 / 携老扶幼 (xiélǎofúyòu)
- 攜老挈幼 / 携老挈幼
- 敬老慈幼
- 母老子幼
- 男女老幼 (nánnǚlǎoyòu)
- 老幼 (lǎoyòu)
- 老幼咸宜
- 育幼院 (yùyòuyuàn)
- 自幼 (zìyòu)
- 荒幼
- 負老提幼 / 负老提幼
- 負老攜幼 / 负老携幼
- 長幼 / 长幼 (zhǎngyòu)
- 長幼尊卑 / 长幼尊卑 (zhǎngyòuzūnbēi)
- 長幼有序 / 长幼有序
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yào
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yào
- Wade–Giles: yao4
- Yale: yàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]幼
References
[edit]- “幼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 冯爱珍 [Feng, Aizhen], editor (1998), “幼”, in 福州方言词典 [Dictionary of the Fuzhou Dialect] (in Chinese), Nanjing: 江苏教育出版社 (Jiangsu Educational Press), →ISBN, page 203.
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “幼”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 192.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]幼
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ゆう (yū)←いう (iu, historical)
- Kan-on: ゆう (yū)←いう (iu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)←えう (eu, historical)
- Kun: おさない (osanai, 幼い, Jōyō)←をさない (wosanai, 幼い, historical)、いとけない (itokenai, 幼けない)、おさなびる (osanabiru, 幼びる)
- Nanori: わか (waka)
Compounds
[edit]- 幼芽 (yōga, “plumule”)
- 幼孩 (yōgai)
- 幼学 (yōgaku)
- 幼魚 (yōgyo, “young fish”)
- 幼君 (yōkun, “young master”)
- 幼形 (yōkei, “neoteny”)
- 幼孤 (yōko, “young orphan”)
- 幼根 (yōkon, “(botany) radicle”)
- 幼児 (yōji, “infant, toddler”)
- 幼時 (yōji, “childhood, infancy”)
- 幼歯 (yōshi, “baby tooth”)
- 幼者 (yōsha, “young child, infant”)
- 幼弱 (yōjaku, “young and weak”)
- 幼若 (yōjaku, “juvenile”)
- 幼主 (yōshu, “young monarch”)
- 幼獣 (yōjū, “young animal”)
- 幼女 (yōjo, “young girl”)
- 幼少 (yōshō, “very young, infancy”)
- 幼生 (yōsei, “larva”)
- 幼稚 (yōchi, “childish; infantile”)
- 幼冲 (yōchū), 幼沖 (yōchū)
- 幼虫 (yōchū, “larva”)
- 幼鳥 (yōchō, “chick”)
- 幼帝 (yōtei, “young emperor”)
- 幼童 (yōdō, “young child”)
- 幼年 (yōnen, “childhood”)
- 幼保 (yōho)
- 幼木 (yōboku)
- 幼齢林 (yōreirin)
- 幼名 (yōmyō, “childhood name”), 幼名 (yōmei)
- 長幼 (chōyō, “the young and the old”)
- 童幼 (dōyō)
- 老幼 (rōyō, “the young and the old”)
- 幼気 (itaike, “young and sweet”)
Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 幼 |
| よう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi |
*/jiɪu/ → /jieu/ → /jeu/ → /joː/
From Middle Chinese 幼 (MC 'jiwH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 幼 |
| おさな Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
/wosana/ → /osana/
Stem of classical adjective 幼し (osanashi),[1][2] modern 幼い (osanai, “childish, infantile”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 幼 |
| いと Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 幼宮 (itomiya)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 幼 (MC 'jiwH).
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅲᇢ〮 (Yale: qyuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 유〯 (ywǔ) (Yale: yu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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