幼

See also: 㓜, 幻, 糼, 糿, and 紉

幼 U+5E7C, 幼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E7C ← 幻 [U+5E7B] CJK Unified Ideographs 幽 → [U+5E7D]

Translingual

Han character

幼 (radical 52 幺+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女戈大尸 (VIKS), four-corner 2472₇, composition ⿰幺力)

References

• KangXi: page 342, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9193
• Dae Jaweon: page 650, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1093, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5E7C

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		幼
alt. forms		㓜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 幼
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (幼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
黝	*qliw, *qrɯwʔ
坳	*qrɯːw, *qrɯːws
軪	*qrɯːw, *qrɯːws
眑	*qrɯːw, *qrɯwʔ
拗	*qrɯːwʔ, *qrɯːws
鴢	*qrɯːwʔ, *qɯːwʔ
靿	*qrɯːwʔ, *qrɯːws
狕	*qrɯːwʔ
袎	*qrɯːws
怮	*qɯːw, *qrɯw, *qrɯw, *qrɯwʔ
窈	*qiːwʔ
苭	*qɯːwʔ
泑	*qrɯw, *qrɯwʔ
呦	*qrɯw
蚴	*qrɯwʔ
幼	*qrɯws

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 幺 (“tiny”) + 力 (“strength”). 幺 (OC *qiːw) may also act as a phonetic component.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yòu (you⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yu
• Min Dong (BUC): iú
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): iù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iun³

• Wu (Wiktionary): ieu (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ
    • Wade-Giles: yu⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yow
    • IPA ^(key): /i̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jau³
    • Yale: yau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo³
    • IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu
    • Hakka Romanization System: iu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu⁴
    • IPA: /i̯u⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu⁴
    • IPA: /(j)i̯u⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iú
    • IPA ^(key): /iɛu²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iù
    • Tâi-lô: iù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iu²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iu¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iun³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iùⁿ
    • IPA ^(key): /ĩũ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ieu (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /iɜ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔiɪu^H/▼

Rime
Character	幼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	伊謬切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔieuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiwH/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕuH/
Wang Li	/iəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔieuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yòu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[ʔ](r)iw-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯws/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yòu
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjiwH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ](r)iw-s/
English	young
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幼
Reading #	1/1
No.	15646
Phonetic component	幼
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	幼
Old Chinese	/*qrɯws/

Definitions

幼

1. infant; young child
2. young
3. immature
4. ^† to love; to take care of (the young)

   • 幼吾幼，以及人之幼。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Mengzi (Mencius), circa 4th century BCE

     Yòu wú yòu, yǐjí rén zhī yòu. [Pinyin]

     Treat with the kindness due to youth the young in your own family, so that the young in the families of others shall be similarly treated.

5. A surname​.

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Japanese

Kanji

幼

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: ゆう (yū)
• Kan’on: ゆう (yū)
• Kan’yōon: よう (yō)
• Kun: おさない (osanai)

Compounds

• 幼 (よう)稚 (ち) (yōchi, “childish; infantile”)
• 幼 (よう)女 (じょ) (yōjo)
• 幼 (よう)虫 (ちゅう) (yōchū)

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Korean

Hanja

幼 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

幼 (ấu, âu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.