幼

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See also: 㓜, 幻, 糼, 糿, and 紉
幼 U+5E7C, 幼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E7C
← 幻
[U+5E7B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 幽 →
[U+5E7D]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

幼 (radical 52, 幺+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女戈大尸 (VIKS), four-corner 24727, composition ⿰幺力)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 342, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9193
  • Dae Jaweon: page 650, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1093, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5E7C

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 幼
alternative forms 㓜

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 幼
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
幼-oracle.svg 幼-bronze.svg 幼-silk.svg 幼-seal.svg 幼-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (幼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
黝 *qliw, *qrɯwʔ
坳 *qrɯːw, *qrɯːws
軪 *qrɯːw, *qrɯːws
眑 *qrɯːw, *qrɯwʔ
拗 *qrɯːwʔ, *qrɯːws
鴢 *qrɯːwʔ, *qɯːwʔ
靿 *qrɯːwʔ, *qrɯːws
狕 *qrɯːwʔ
袎 *qrɯːws
怮 *qɯːw, *qrɯw, *qrɯw, *qrɯwʔ
窈 *qiːwʔ
苭 *qɯːwʔ
泑 *qrɯw, *qrɯwʔ
呦 *qrɯw
蚴 *qrɯwʔ
幼 *qrɯws

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 幺 (“tiny”) + 力 (“strength”). 幺 (OC *qiːw) may also act as a phonetic component.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 幼
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 幽 (138)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 伊謬切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔiɪuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔieuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔjiwH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiĕuH/
Wang
Li 		/iəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔieuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 幼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjiwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ](r)iw-s/
English young

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 幼
Reading # 1/1
No. 15646
Phonetic
component 		幼
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		幼
Old
Chinese 		/*qrɯws/

Definitions[edit]

幼

  1. infant; young child
  2. young
  3. immature
  4. † to love; to take care of (the young)
    • 幼吾幼，以及人之幼。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
      From: Mencius, circa 4th century BCE
      Yòu wú yòu, yǐjí rén zhī yòu. [Pinyin]
      Treat with the kindness due to youth the young in your own family, so that the young in the families of others shall be similarly treated.
  5. (Cantonese, Hokkien) fine (not coarse)
  6. A surname​.

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 年輕 (“young”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 年輕
Mandarin Beijing 年輕
Taiwan 年輕
Jinan 年輕
Luoyang 年輕
Xi'an 年輕
Wuhan 年輕
Chengdu 年輕
Liuzhou 後生
Yangzhou 年輕
Hefei 年輕
Malaysia 年輕
Singapore 年輕
Cantonese Guangzhou 後生, 年紀嫩, 年青
Hong Kong 後生, 年青, 年輕
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 後生
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 後生
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 後生
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 後生
Macau 後生
Panyu 後生
Huadu (Huashan) 後生
Conghua 後生
Zengcheng 後生
Foshan 後生
Nanhai (Shatou) 後生
Shunde 後生
Sanshui 後生
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 年嫩
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 後生
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 後生
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 後生
Doumen 後生
Jiangmen (Baisha) 後生
Xinhui 後生
Taishan 後生
Kaiping (Chikan) 後生
Enping (Niujiang) 後生
Heshan (Yayao) 後生
Dongguan 後生
Bao'an (Shajing) 後生
Yangjiang 後生
Danzhou 嫩
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 後生
Singapore (Guangfu) 後生
Gan Nanchang 年輕, 後生
Lichuan 年輕, 後生
Pingxiang 後生
Hakka Meixian 後生
Xingning 後生
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 後生
Huidong (Daling) 後生
Dongguan (Qingxi) 後生
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 後生
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 後生
Qujiang 後生
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 後生
Conghua (Lütian) 後生
Changting 後生
Wuping 後生
Wuping (Pingyu) 後生
Liancheng 後生
Ninghua 後生
Ruijin 後生
Shicheng 後生
Shangyou 後生
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 後生
Liudui (S. Sixian) 後生
Hsinchu (Hailu) 後生
Dongshi (Dabu) 後生
Hsinchu (Raoping) 後生
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 少年
Hong Kong 後生
Senai (Huiyang) 後生
Singkawang 後生
Huizhou Jixi 後生
Jin Taiyuan 年輕
Min Bei Jian'ou 後生
Jianyang 後生
Pucheng (Shibei) 後生
Min Dong Fuzhou 後生
Fuqing 後生
Matsu 後生, 年輕
Singapore (Fuqing) 年輕
Min Nan Xiamen 少年
Quanzhou 少年
Zhangzhou 少年
Zhao'an 後生
Taipei 少年
Kaohsiung 少年
Yilan 少年
Changhua (Lukang) 少年
Taichung 少年
Taichung (Wuqi) 少年
Tainan 少年
Taitung 少年
Hsinchu 少年
Kinmen 少年
Penghu (Magong) 少年
Penang (Hokkien) 少年
Singapore (Hokkien) 少年, 後生
Manila (Hokkien) 少年, 少歲
Zhangping (Yongfu) 少年, 後生仔
Datian 後生
Chaozhou 後生
Shantou 後生
Chenghai 後生
Jieyang 後生
Bangkok (Teochew) 後生
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 後生
Singapore (Teochew) 後生
Leizhou 後生
Wenchang 幼, 年青
Haikou 幼
Singapore (Hainanese) 幼
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 後生
Wu Shanghai 年輕, 後生
Suzhou 年紀輕
Hangzhou 後生
Ningbo 後生, 年紀輕
Wenzhou 後生
Xiang Changsha 冒年紀, 年輕
Shuangfeng 冒年紀
Dialectal synonyms of 細 (“thin; fine; slender”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 細
Mandarin Beijing 細
Taiwan 細
Jinan 細
Xi'an 細
Wuhan 細
Chengdu 細
Yangzhou 細
Hefei 細
Singapore 細
Cantonese Guangzhou 幼
Hong Kong 幼
Yangjiang 細, 嫩
Singapore (Guangfu) 幼
Gan Nanchang 細
Hakka Meixian 幼, 細
Jin Taiyuan 細
Min Bei Jian'ou 細
Min Dong Fuzhou 幼
Min Nan Xiamen 幼
Tainan 幼
Singapore (Hokkien) 幼
Chaozhou 幼, 細
Wu Suzhou 細
Wenzhou 細
Xiang Changsha 細
Shuangfeng 細

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

幼

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. childish, immature, young
  2. infant, young child

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
幼
よう
Grade: 6
on’yomi

*/jiɪu/ → /jieu/ → /jeu/ → /joː/

From Middle Chinese 幼 (MC ʔiɪuH).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

幼(よう) • (yō) ←えう (eu)?

  1. childhood, infancy
  2. a young child

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
幼
おさな
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

/wosana/ → /osana/

Stem of classical verb 幼し (osanashi),[1][2] modern 幼い (osanai, “childish, infantile”).

Noun[edit]

幼(おさな) • (osana) ←をさな (wosana)?

  1. Synonym of 幼子 (osanago): an infant, young child
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
幼
いと
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
EB1911 - Volume 01 - Page 001 - 1.svg This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “from 糸 (ito, “thread”)?”

Noun[edit]

幼(いと) • (ito) 

  1. (archaic) a young child, infant, toddler
    Synonym: 幼児 (yōji)
Derived terms[edit]

Prefix[edit]

幼(いと) • (ito) 

  1. prefixed to a noun: childish, immature, infantile
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 幼 (MC ʔiɪuH).

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅲᇢ〮 (Yale: qyuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 유〯 (Yale: yu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

幼 (eumhun 어릴 유 (eoril yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 유 (“childish; immature”).
  2. Hanja form? of 유 (“infant; young child”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

幼: Hán Nôm readings: ấu, âu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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