伊

伊 U+4F0A, 伊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F0A ← 伉 [U+4F09] CJK Unified Ideographs 伋 → [U+4F0B]

Translingual

Han character

伊 (radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人尸大 (OSK), four-corner 2725₇, composition ⿰亻尹)

Descendants

• イ
• 𛀇

References

• KangXi: page 95, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 432
• Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 126, character 9
• Unihan data for U+4F0A

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伊
Oracle bone script j18844 j18845 j18846 j18847 j18848 j18849 j18850 j18851 j18852 j18853 j18854 j18855 j18856 j18857 j18858 j18859 j18860 j18861 j18862 j18863 j18864 j18865 j18866 j18867 j18868 j18869 j18870 j18871 j18872 j18873 Bronze inscriptions b12254 b12255 b12256 Small seal script s05675 Transcribed ancient scripts L30330 L30331 L30332 L30333 L01990 L01991 L01992 L01993 L01994 L01995 L01996 L01997
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (尹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
芛	*ɢʷelʔ, *ɢʷid
伊	*qlil
咿	*qlil
蛜	*qlil
笋	*sɢʷinʔ
尹	*ɢʷlinʔ

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		伊
variant forms		𠁼

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(h)i ~ *(h)aj (“this; here”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yī (yi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî
• Min Dong (BUC): ĭ
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): i / ī

  (Teochew, Peng'im): i¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): i (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yī
    • Zhuyin: ㄧ
    • Wade–Giles: i¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
    • IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi¹
    • IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
    • Hakka Romanization System: i´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
    • IPA: /i²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
    • IPA: /(j)i²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭ
    • IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: i
    • Tâi-lô: i
    • Phofsit Daibuun: y
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /i⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /i³³/
  • (Hokkien: Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ī
    • Tâi-lô: ī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: i
    • IPA (Kinmen): /i²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: i¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: i
    • IPA ^(key): /i³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: i (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /i⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔiɪ/▼

Rime
Character	伊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於脂切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔi/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔi/
Li Rong	/ʔi/
Wang Li	/i/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yī

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qlil/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yī
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjij ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔij/
English	this
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伊
Reading #	1/1
No.	15296
Phonetic component	尹
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	伊
Old Chinese	/*qlil/
Notes	說文古文死聲，小徐雲俗本作尹聲

Definitions

伊

1. (literary) this; that
2. (literary or coastal Min) he, him; she, her; it

   我無共伊講。 / 我无共伊讲。 [Min Nan]  ―  Góa bô kā i kóng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  I didn't tell him.

   • 伊伏在地上；車夫便也立住腳。 [MSC, trad.]
     伊伏在地上；车夫便也立住脚。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1919 December 1, 魯迅 (Lu Xun), 《一件小事》

     Yī fú zài dìshàng; chēfū biàn yě lì zhù jiǎo. [Pinyin]

     She laid prostrate on the ground; the coachman also had halted.

3. (literary) you (singular)
4. A surname​.
5. Short for 伊拉克 (Yīlākè, “Iraq”).
6. Short for 伊朗 (Yīlǎng, “Iran”).

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		伊
variant forms		佢 渠 夷 Wu

From 渠 (MC ɡɨʌ, “he; she; it”).

In Southern Sixian Hakka: /ki/ → /i/.

In Wu (You, 1995): /ɡ-/ → /dʑ-/ → /ɦ-/ ( → /ʔ-/).

Pronunciation

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
• Wu (Wiktionary): hhi (T3)

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• Hakka
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhi (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /ɦi²³/

Definitions

伊

1. (Southern Sixian Hakka, Wu) he, him; she, her; it

   儂來尋我兒子，伊正好勿辣海，對勿起。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
   侬来寻我儿子，伊正好勿辣海，对勿起。 [Shanghainese, simp.]

   I am sorry that you come to see my son, but he is not present now

Compounds

Derived terms from 伊

• 下車伊始／下车伊始
• 伊于胡底
• 伊人 (yīrén)
• 伊優／伊优
• 伊兒汗國／伊儿汗国
• 伊凡第三
• 伊凡第四
• 伊凡諾夫／伊凡诺夫
• 伊利亞德／伊利亚德
• 伊利湖 (Yīlìhú)
• 伊利諾州／伊利诺州
• 伊吾
• 伊呂／伊吕
• 伊周 (yīzhōu)
• 伊哩烏蘆／伊哩乌芦
• 伊士曼
• 伊多語／伊多语 (Yīduōyǔ)
• 伊始 (yīshǐ)
• 伊寧縣／伊宁县
• 伊川
• 伊底帕斯
• 伊府麵／伊府面
• 伊拉克 (Yīlākè)

• 伊斯坦堡 (Yīsītǎnbǎo)
• 伊斯巴罕
• 伊斯特島／伊斯特岛
• 伊斯蘭教／伊斯兰教 (Yīsīlánjiào)
• 伊昔
• 伊朗 (Yīlǎng)
• 伊朗高原
• 伊比鳩魯／伊比鸠鲁
• 伊水
• 伊洛
• 伊犁 (Yīlí)
• 伊犁條約／伊犁条约
• 伊犁河 (Yīlí Hé)
• 伊犁縱谷／伊犁纵谷
• 伊犁馬／伊犁马
• 伊瑪目／伊玛目 (yīmǎmù)
• 伊甸園／伊甸园 (Yīdiànyuán)
• 伊留申
• 伊秉綬／伊秉绶
• 伊科戰爭／伊科战争
• 伊索 (Yīsuǒ)
• 伊索寓言
• 伊羅斯／伊罗斯

• 伊耆氏
• 伊蒲饌／伊蒲馔
• 伊藤博文
• 伊蘭／伊兰
• 伊蚊 (yīwén)
• 伊豆半島／伊豆半岛 (Yīdòu Bàndǎo)
• 伊里布
• 伊闕佛龕／伊阙佛龛
• 伊闕山／伊阙山
• 伊鬱／伊郁
• 佛洛伊德
• 兩伊戰爭／两伊战争 (Liǎngyī Zhànzhēng)
• 匪朝伊夕
• 吾伊
• 木乃伊 (mùnǎiyī)
• 洛伊盆地
• 特洛伊城
• 秋水伊人
• 自詒伊戚／自诒伊戚
• 自貽伊戚／自贻伊戚
• 薩伊／萨伊 (Sàyī)
• 蘇伊士／苏伊士 (Sūyīshì)
• 鬱伊／郁伊

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Japanese

Kanji

伊

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

• Goon: い (i)
• Kan’on: い (i)
• Kun: これ (kore, 伊); かれ (kare, 伊); ただ (tada, 伊)

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Korean

Hanja

伊 • (i) (hangeul 이, McCune–Reischauer yi)

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Vietnamese

Han character

伊 (y, ì)

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References

• Nom Foundation