名

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 各
名 U+540D, 名
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-540D
← 同
[U+540C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 后 →
[U+540E]
㊔ U+3294, ㊔
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH NAME
← ㊓
[U+3293] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊕ →
[U+3295]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

名 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈口 (NIR), four-corner 27600, composition ⿱夕口)

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 175, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3297
  • Dae Jaweon: page 391, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 582, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+540D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 名
simp. # 名

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 名
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (名) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
名 *meŋ
洺 *meŋ
眳 *meŋʔ, *meːŋʔ
詺 *meŋs
銘 *meːŋ
茗 *meːŋʔ
酩 *meːŋʔ
姳 *meːŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 夕 (“crescent moon”) + 口 (“mouth”) — to say one's own name to identify oneself in the dark.

An alternative theory has been proposed based on Shang era texts. 口 was originally used to write both 口 and 名. 夕 standing for what later came to be written 明, was added as a phonetic indicator to disambiguate the two meanings.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-miŋ (“name”). Cognate with Tibetan མིང (ming), Burmese အမည် (a.many), and Mizo hming.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ming4 - literary;
  • meng4(-2) - vernacular.
Note:
  • men3 - literary;
  • miang3* - vernacular.
  • Gan
    • Note:
    • miang4 - vernacular;
    • min4 - literary.
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • miàng - vernacular;
    • mìng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • miâ - vernacular;
    • bêng - literary.
    Note:
    • mian5 - vernacular;
    • mêng5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 名
    Mandarin Beijing /miŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /miŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /miŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /miŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /miŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /miŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /miŋ²⁴/
    Xining /miə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /miŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /mĩn⁵³/
    Ürümqi /miŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /min²¹³/
    Chengdu /min³¹/
    Guiyang /min²¹/
    Kunming /mĩ¹/
    Nanjing /min²⁴/
    Hefei /min⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /miəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /miŋ¹³/
    /mi¹³/ 名字
    Hohhot /mĩŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /miŋ²³/
    Suzhou /min¹³/
    Hangzhou /min²¹³/
    Wenzhou /meŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /miʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /mɛ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /min¹³/
    Xiangtan /mian¹²/
    /min¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /miɑŋ⁴⁵/
    /min⁴⁵/ ～堂
    Hakka Meixian /miaŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /miɑŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /meŋ²¹/
    /mɛŋ³⁵/
    Nanning /mɛŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /miŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /biŋ³⁵/
    /mia³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /miaŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /miaŋ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /miã⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /meŋ³¹/
    /mia³¹/
    Rime
    Character 名
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 清 (121)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 武并切
    Baxter mjieng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/miᴇŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/miɛŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miæŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/miajŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/miɛŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭɛŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯ɛŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		míng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ming4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 名
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		míng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjieng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.meŋ/
    English name

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 名
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9178
    Phonetic
    component         		名
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		名
    Old
    Chinese         		/*meŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    名

    1. name
      書名／书名  ―  shūmíng  ―  title of the book
      給它起個名兒／给它起个名儿  ―  gěi tā qǐ ge míngr  ―  give it a name
    2. given name
      Coordinate term: 姓 (xìng)
    3. reputation; fame
      有名  ―  yǒumíng  ―  famous
      名利  ―  mínglì  ―  fame and fortune
    4. famous; reputable
      名牌  ―  míngpái  ―  having a good brand name; a brand name product
    5. excuse; form; ostensible purpose
      師出有名／师出有名  ―  shīchūyǒumíng  ―  to do something for a good and proper reason
    6. (grammar) Short for 名詞／名词 (míngcí, “noun”).
    7. (grammar) Short for 專有名詞／专有名词 (zhuānyǒu míngcí, “proper noun”).
    8. (archaic, mathematics, arithmetic) sign
    9. to be called
      伊名什乇？ [Min Dong, trad. and simp.]
      Ĭ miàng sié-nó̤h? / [i⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³ sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
      What's his/her name?
    10. to describe; to give details of
      莫名其妙  ―  mòmíngqímiào  ―  baffling
    11. Classifier for place in a competition or position in a name list.
    12. Classifier for people with a certain status or identity.

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    名

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    名
    な
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *na (compare Okinawan 名 (nā)).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    名(な) • (na) 

    1. name
      名(な)を連(つら)ねる
      na o tsuraneru
      put one's name on (a list)
      名(な)ばかりの
      na bakari no
      in name only
      • 2013 July 20, “暗(あん)黒(こく)界(かい)の騎(き)士(し) ズール”, in ハーフデッキ　闇(やみ), Konami:
        暗(あん)黒(こく)界(かい)でその名(な)を知(し)らぬ者(もの)はいない、誇(ほこ)り高(たか)き騎(き)士(し)。決(けっ)して弱(よわ)き者(もの)に手(て)を下(くだ)す事(こと)はない。
        Ankokukai de sono na o shiranu mono wa inai, hokoritakaki kishi. Kesshite yowaki mono ni te o kudasu koto wa nai.
        Everyone in the Dark World knows the name of this illustrious knight. He never oppresses the commoners.
    2. reputation
      名(な)が響(ひび)いている
      na ga hibiite iru
      be famous
      名(な)が上(あ)がる
      na ga agaru
      become famous
      名(な)を上(あ)げる/現(あらわ)す/成(な)す/売(う)る
      na o ageru/arawasu/nasu/uru
      become famous, make one's name
      • Usage note: 名を上げる differs from 名が上がる in that the subject purposefully did something to make themselves famous.
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    名
    めい
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 名 (MC mjieng, “name”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Counter[edit]

    名(めい) • (-mei) 

    1. counter word for people, persons

    Noun[edit]

    名(めい) • (mei) 

    1. name

    Prefix[edit]

    名(めい) • (mei-) 

    1. famous, great, noted

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 名 (MC mjieng).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 며ᇰ (Yale: myèng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 일홈〮 (Yale: ìlhwóm) 며ᇰ (Yale: myèng)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    名 (eumhun 이름 명 (ireum myeong))

    1. Hanja form? of 명 (“name”). [noun]
    2. Hanja form? of 명 (“famous; great; noted”). [prefix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    名

    Readings[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    名(なー) (nā) 

    1. name

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    名

    Readings[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    名 (hiragana なー, rōmaji nā)

    1. name

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    名

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    名
    なー
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    名(なー) (nā) 

    1. name

    References[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    名: Hán Việt readings: danh (民(dân)瞑(manh)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    名: Nôm readings: ranh[1][2][3][6], danh[1][2][4][7], rành[1], quanh[2], dinh[2], gianh[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of danh (“famous; well-known”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Hồ (1976).
    7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    名

    Readings[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    名 (hiragana なー, rōmaji nā)

    1. name

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    名

    Readings[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    名 (hiragana なー, rōmaji nā)

    1. name

    References[edit]

    • “なー【名】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Zhuang[edit]

    Pronoun[edit]

    名

    1. Sawndip form of mwngz
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=名&oldid=76756096"