給

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See also: 给
給 U+7D66, 給
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D66
← 絥
[U+7D65] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 絧 →
[U+7D67]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

給 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女火人一口 (VFOMR), four-corner 28961, composition ⿰糹合)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 923, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27432
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1357, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3394, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7D66

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 給
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (合) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
龕 *kʰuːm
媕 *quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb
頜 *ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb
答 *tkuːb
畣 *tkuːb
荅 *tkuːb
嗒 *tuːb, *tʰoːb
褡 *tuːb, *toːb
撘 *tuːb
搭 *tuːb, *tʰoːb
榙 *tkuːb, *ɡuːb
佮 *tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb
蛤 *kuːb
鴿 *kuːb
合 *kuːb, *ɡuːb
郃 *kuːb, *ɡuːb
匌 *kuːb, *kʰuːb
鉿 *kuːb
閤 *kuːb
鞈 *kuːb, *kruːb
韐 *kuːb, *kruːb
鮯 *kuːb
哈 *ŋɡuːb
姶 *quːb, *quːb
欱 *qʰuːb, *qʰruːb
盒 *ɡuːb
耠 *ɡuːb
詥 *ɡuːb
塔 *tʰuːb
鞳 *tʰoːb
劄 *rtuːb
跲 *kruːb, *kob, *ɡob
袷 *kruːb, *ŋkob
餄 *kruːb
恰 *kʰruːb
帢 *kʰruːb
洽 *ɡruːb
祫 *ɡruːb
珨 *ɡruːb
烚 *ɡruːb
歙 *qʰjob, *qʰrub
湁 *tkʰub
拾 *ɡjub
給 *krub
翕 *qʰrub
噏 *qʰrub
潝 *qʰrub
熻 *qʰrub
嬆 *qʰrub
翖 *qʰrub
闟 *qʰrub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krub): semantic 糸 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 給
simp. 给

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qǝ̆p (“to give; to supply”), comparing it to Burmese အပ် (ap, “to commit; to deliver; to hand over”), Jingpho ap (“to hand over”), Lepcha ᰀᰤᰬᰱ (kjep, “to add to; to multiply”), ᰃᰤᰱ (gjap, “many”).

In Mandarin, Jin and Xiang, pronunciations 1 and 2 are respectively historically colloquial and literary readings, both ultimately derived from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: colloquial.
Note: colloquial.
Note: colloquial.
Rime
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侵 (142)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居立切
Baxter kip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kjip̚/
Li
Rong 		/kjəp̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gap1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kip ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k](r)[ə]p/
English furnish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
No. 5002
Phonetic
component 		合
Rime
group 		緝
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		急
Old
Chinese 		/*krub/
Definitions[edit]

給

  1. to give
    給你一個吻／给你一个吻  ―  gěi nǐ yīge wěn  ―  give you a kiss
  2. for; for the benefit of
    我給你按摩吧。／我给你按摩吧。  ―  Wǒ gěi nǐ ànmó ba.  ―  Let me do a massage for you.
  3. to; with (following verbs to indicate the handing over or passing of something)
    這裡有我一直想說給你聽的話。 [MSC, trad.]
    这里有我一直想说给你听的话。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhèlǐ yǒu wǒ yīzhí xiǎng shuō gěi nǐ tīng de huà. [Pinyin]
    Here are the words I've always wanted to say to you.
  4. to (introduce recipient of an action)
    給他道歉！／给他道歉！  ―  Gěi tā dàoqiàn!  ―  Apologise to him!
  5. by (marker of passive voice)
    我們都給人騙了。／我们都给人骗了。  ―  Wǒmen dōu gěi rén piàn le.  ―  We all got fooled.
  6. Used in the form of 給我 in imperative sentences for emphasis.
    你給我閉嘴！／你给我闭嘴！  ―  Nǐ gěi wǒ bìzuǐ!  ―  Shut the heck up!
  7. Used before a verb for emphasis of affectedness.
    行李讓雨給淋濕了。 [MSC, trad.]
    行李让雨给淋湿了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xíngli ràng yǔ gěi lìnshī le. [Pinyin]
    The luggage was soaked by rain.
    我把椅子給移開了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我把椅子给移开了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ bǎ yǐzi gěi yíkāi le. [Pinyin]
    I moved the chair away.
  8. (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) and
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 予, 畀
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 給
Mandarin Beijing 給
Taiwan 給
Tianjin 給
Jinan 給
Xi'an 給
Wuhan 把, 把得, 給
Chengdu 給
Guilin 給
Yangzhou 把, 給
Hefei 給
Malaysia 給
Singapore 給
Cantonese Guangzhou 畀
Hong Kong 畀
Macau 畀
Taishan 畀
Dongguan 畀
Yangjiang 畀
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 畀
Penang (Guangfu) 畀
Singapore (Guangfu) 畀
Gan Nanchang 把
Hakka Meixian 分
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 分
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 分
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 分
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 分
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 分
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 得
Kuching (Hepo) 分
Jin Taiyuan 給
Min Bei Jian'ou 吶
Min Dong Fuzhou 乞
Min Nan Xiamen 予
Quanzhou 予
Zhangzhou 予
Zhao'an 予
Taipei 予
New Taipei (Sanxia) 予
Kaohsiung 予
Yilan 予
Changhua (Lukang) 予
Taichung 予
Taichung (Wuqi) 予
Tainan 予
Taitung 予
Hsinchu 予
Kinmen 予
Penghu (Magong) 予
Penang (Hokkien) 予
Singapore (Hokkien) 予
Manila (Hokkien) 予
Chaozhou 分, 乞
Shantou 分, 乞
Shantou (Chaoyang) 乞
Jieyang 分, 乞
Haifeng 分, 予
Singapore (Teochew) 乞
Pontianak (Teochew) 分, 乞
Leizhou 乞
Wenchang 分
Haikou 要
Wu Shanghai 撥, 撥辣
Suzhou 撥
Ningbo 撥
Wenzhou 匄
Xiang Changsha 把
Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 被
Mandarin Beijing 讓, 叫, 給
Taiwan 讓, 叫, 給
Jinan 叫, 讓
Xi'an 叫
Wuhan 把得
Chengdu 遭, 叫
Yangzhou 給, 把
Hefei 給, 叫
Malaysia 被, 給
Singapore 被, 讓, 給
Cantonese Guangzhou 畀
Hong Kong 畀
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 畀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 畀
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 畀
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 畀
Macau 畀
Guangzhou (Panyu) 畀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 畀
Guangzhou (Conghua) 畀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 畀
Foshan 畀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 畀
Foshan (Shunde) 畀
Foshan (Sanshui) 畀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 畀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 畀
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 畀
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 畀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 畀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 畀
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 畀
Taishan 畀
Kaiping (Chikan) 畀
Enping (Niujiang) 畀
Heshan (Yayao) 畀
Dongguan 畀
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 畀
Shaoguan 畀
Yunfu 畀
Yangjiang 畀
Xinyi 畀
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 畀
Singapore (Guangfu) 畀
Gan Nanchang 讓, 等
Hakka Meixian 分
Xingning 分
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 畀
Huiyang 分
Huidong (Daling) 分
Dongguan (Qingxi) 分
Boluo (Bendihua) 畀
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 分
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 畀
Wuhua (Huacheng) 分
Heyuan (Bendihua) 把
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 畀
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 把
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 分
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 分
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 分
Liannan 分
Conghua (Lütian) 分
Jiexi 分
Changting 得
Wuping 得
Wuping (Pingyu) 得
Liancheng 給
Ninghua 分
Ruijin 得
Shicheng 得
Shangyou (Shexi) 討
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 分
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 分
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 分
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 分
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 分
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 得
Hong Kong 分
Senai (Huiyang) 分
Kuching (Hepo) 分
Jin Taiyuan 叫, 給
Min Bei Jian'ou 吶
Min Dong Fuzhou 乞
Min Nan Xiamen 予, 乞
Quanzhou 予, 乞
Zhangzhou 予, 乞
Taipei 予
New Taipei (Sanxia) 予
Kaohsiung 予
Yilan 予
Changhua (Lukang) 予
Taichung 予
Tainan 予
Hsinchu 予
Kinmen 予
Penghu (Magong) 予
Singapore (Hokkien) 予
Manila (Hokkien) 予
Chaozhou 分, 乞
Shantou 分, 乞, 予
Shantou (Chaoyang) 乞
Jieyang 分
Leizhou 乞
Haikou 要
Wu Shanghai 撥, 撥辣
Suzhou 撥, 撥勒
Ningbo 撥, 撥人家
Wenzhou 匄
Xiang Changsha 聽, 撈, 讓, 被
Shuangfeng 耗
Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“(used in imperative sentences for emphasis)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 給
Mandarin Taiwan 給
Cantonese Hong Kong 同
Min Nan Tainan 共
Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 與, 及
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese
Mandarin Beijing 跟, 和
Taiwan 跟, 和
Yantai (Muping) 和
Jinan 和, 跟, 給
Wanrong 和
Wanrong (Ronghe) 連
Xi'an 跟, 連
Yinchuan 連
Lanzhou 跟, 和
Xining 帶, 和
Ürümqi 跟, 連, 和
Wuhan 跟
Chengdu 跟, 給, 和
Guiyang 跟, 同, 和
Guilin 跟, 和
Liuzhou 跟, 同, 和
Xuzhou 給
Yangzhou 跟, 交
Nanjing 告, 跟
Hefei 跟
Malaysia 和, 跟
Singapore 和, 跟
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帶
Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 同埋
Hong Kong 同, 同埋
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 同
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 同
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 同
Macau 同, 同埋
Taishan 同埋
Kaiping (Chikan) 同, 同埋
Dongguan 同, 同埋
Yangjiang 鄧, 同
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 同
Penang (Guangfu) 同
Singapore (Guangfu) 同
Gan Nanchang 跟, 同
Lichuan 和
Pingxiang 同, 跟
Hakka Meixian 同, 摎
Yudu 澗
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 摎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 同
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 摎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 同
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 摎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和
Hong Kong 摎
Kuching (Hepo) 佮
Huizhou Jixi 搭
Jin Taiyuan 和, 跟
Xinzhou 給
Min Bei Jian'ou 邀
Jian'ou (Dikou) 邀, 儉, 教
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 邀
Pucheng (Shibei) 邀, 跟
Min Dong Fuzhou 共
Changle 共
Fuqing 共
Yongtai 共
Gutian 共
Fu'an 共
Ningde 共
Shouning 隨
Zhouning 傮, 共
Fuding 跟
Min Nan Xiamen 佮, 交
Xiamen (Tong'an) 佮
Quanzhou 佮, 交
Zhangzhou 佮
Tainan 佮
Penang (Hokkien) 佮
Singapore (Hokkien) 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 佮, 交
Chaozhou 佮, 共
Shantou 佮
Jieyang 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮
Pontianak (Teochew) 佮
Leizhou 共
Wenchang 共
Haikou 共
Qionghai 共
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 同, 同埋
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 跟, 邀
Wu Shanghai 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搭
Suzhou 搭, 搭仔
Danyang 同, 跟
Hangzhou 同
Ningbo 搭, 搭仔
Wenzhou 伉
Jinhua 亨, 跟
Xiang Changsha 跟
Loudi 跟
Shuangfeng 跟, 同
Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note: literary.
Note: literary.
Note: literary.
Rime
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侵 (142)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居立切
Baxter kip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kjip̚/
Li
Rong 		/kjəp̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gap1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kip ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k](r)[ə]p/
English furnish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
No. 5002
Phonetic
component 		合
Rime
group 		緝
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		急
Old
Chinese 		/*krub/
Definitions[edit]

給

  1. to supply; to provide
    給予／给予  ―  jǐyǔ  ―  to provide; to give
  2. to grant; to bestow
  3. salary; pay
  4. abundant; plenty
  5. nimble; quick
  6. a surname
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

trad. 給
simp. 给

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

給

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 予 (“hō͘”)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

給

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

給 (eumhun 넉넉할 급 (neongneokhal geup))

  1. Hanja form? of 급 (“give”).
  2. Hanja form? of 급 (“by, for”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Chữ Hán[edit]

給: Hán Nôm readings: cấp, góp, cắp, cóp, cướp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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