哈

哈 U+54C8, 哈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54C8 ← 哇 [U+54C7] CJK Unified Ideographs 哉 → [U+54C9]

Translingual

Han character

哈 (radical 30 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口人一口 (ROMR), four-corner 6806₁, composition ⿰口合)

References

• KangXi: page 189, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3594
• Dae Jaweon: page 408, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 619, character 5
• Unihan data for U+54C8

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		哈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (合) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
龕	kʰuːm
媕	quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb
頜	ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb
答	tkuːb
畣	tkuːb
荅	tkuːb
嗒	tuːb, *tʰoːb
褡	tuːb, *toːb
撘	tuːb
搭	tuːb, *tʰoːb
榙	tkuːb, *ɡuːb
佮	tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb
蛤	kuːb
鴿	kuːb
合	kuːb, *ɡuːb
郃	kuːb, *ɡuːb
匌	kuːb, *kʰuːb
鉿	kuːb
閤	kuːb
鞈	kuːb, *kruːb
韐	kuːb, *kruːb
鮯	kuːb
哈	ŋɡuːb
姶	quːb, *quːb
欱	qʰuːb, *qʰruːb
盒	ɡuːb
耠	ɡuːb
詥	ɡuːb
塔	tʰuːb
鞳	tʰoːb
劄	rtuːb
跲	kruːb, *kob, *ɡob
袷	kruːb, *ŋkob
餄	kruːb
恰	kʰruːb
帢	kʰruːb
洽	ɡruːb
祫	ɡruːb
珨	ɡruːb
烚	ɡruːb
歙	qʰjob, *qʰrub
湁	tkʰub
拾	ɡjub
給	krub
翕	qʰrub
噏	qʰrub
潝	qʰrub
熻	qʰrub
嬆	qʰrub
翖	qʰrub
闟	qʰrub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡuːb): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hā (ha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄚ

  (Chengdu, SP): ha¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haa¹, kaa¹, haai¹, haa⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hâ
• Min Nan (POJ): hap / hah / ha

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: hā
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄚ
    • Wade-Giles: ha¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ha
    • IPA ^(key): /xa̠⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ha¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xa
    • IPA ^(key): /xa⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haa¹, kaa¹, haai¹, haa⁵
    • Yale: hā, kā, hāai, háh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haa¹, kaa¹, haai¹, haa⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ha¹, ka¹, hai¹, ha⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /hɑː⁵⁵/, /kʰɑː⁵⁵/, /hɑːi̯⁵⁵/, /hɑː¹³/

Note: kaa1, haai1, haa5 - rare.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ha´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ha¹
    • IPA: /ha²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hap
    • Tâi-lô: hap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hab
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hap̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hah
    • Tâi-lô: hah
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /haʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /haʔ⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha
    • Tâi-lô: ha
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ha⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ha³³/

Note:

• hap - literary;
• hah - vernacular;
• ha - vernacular (俗).

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋʌp̚/▼

Rime
Character	哈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	合 (160)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五合切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʌp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋəp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɒp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋəp̚/
Li Rong	/ŋᴀp̚/
Wang Li	/ŋɒp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	è

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡuːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	哈
Reading #	1/1
No.	4966
Phonetic component	合
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	㬎
Old Chinese	/*ŋɡuːb/
Notes	今音ha來自噓呵

Definitions

哈

1. (onomatopoeia) sound of laughter
2. to breathe out
3. to bend; to stoop
4. Short for 哈薩克斯坦／哈萨克斯坦 (Hāsàkèsītǎn, “Kazakhstan”).
5. Short for 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn, “Harbin”).
6. (of fish) many
7. (of fish) mouth opening
8. A surname​.

Compounds

• 不哼不哈
• 努爾哈赤／努尔哈赤 (Nǔ'ěrhāchì)
• 哈伯
• 哈佛大學／哈佛大学
• 哈利發／哈利发
• 哈利路亞／哈利路亚 (hālìlùyà)
• 哈勃
• 哈哈 (hāhā)
• 哈哈兒／哈哈儿
• 哈哈大笑
• 哈哈笑 (hāhāxiào)
• 哈哈鏡／哈哈镜 (hāhājìng)
• 哈喇子
• 哈嗤
• 哈囉／哈啰 (hāluó)
• 哈士蟆 (hàshimá)
• 哈姆雷特
• 哈密瓜 (hāmìguā)
• 哈尼族 (hānízú)
• 哈帳／哈帐
• 哈拉

• 哈拉庫圖／哈拉库图
• 哈搭
• 哈日族 (hārìzú, “Taiwanese Japanophile”)
• 哈林式
• 哈欠 (hāqiàn, “yawn”)
• 哈氣／哈气
• 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn, “Harbin”)
• 哈瓦那市
• 哈腰 (hāyāo)
• 哈草
• 哈薩克文／哈萨克文
• 哈薩克族／哈萨克族 (hāsàkè zú)
• 哈薩克語／哈萨克语 (hāsàkèyǔ)
• 哈話／哈话
• 哈辣
• 哈達／哈达 (hǎdá)
• 哈雷彗星
• 哼兒哈兒／哼儿哈儿
• 哼哈二將／哼哈二将
• 唏唏哈哈
• 啊哈

• 嘻嘻哈哈 (xīxīhāhā)
• 巴哈馬／巴哈马 (Bāhāmǎ)
• 布特哈
• 忙哈哈
• 戈什哈
• 打哈哈 (dǎhāha)
• 打哈欠 (dǎhāqiàn)
• 打哈氣／打哈气
• 曼哈坦島／曼哈坦岛
• 梭哈 (suōhā)
• 母哈赤
• 笑哈哈
• 聽哈／听哈
• 背哈喇子
• 苦哈哈
• 蠻聲哈剌／蛮声哈剌
• 赤赤哈哈
• 那哈兒／那哈儿
• 馬大哈／马大哈 (mǎdàhā)
• 點頭哈腰／点头哈腰 (diǎntóuhāyāo)
• 齊齊哈爾／齐齐哈尔 (Qíqíhā'ěr)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hǎ (ha³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄚˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): ha³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: hǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄚˇ
    • Wade-Giles: ha³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haa
    • IPA ^(key): /xa̠²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ha³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xaa
    • IPA ^(key): /xa⁵³/

Definitions

哈

1. (dialectal) to scold; reprimand
2. Pekingese; pug
   • 哈巴狗  ―  hǎbagǒu  ―  Chinese pug
3. A surname​.

Compounds

• 哈叭狗
• 哈巴 (hàba)

• 哈巴狗 (hǎbagǒu)
• 哈德門／哈德门

• 米哈

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Chengdu, SP): ha³

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• Mandarin
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ha³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xaa
    • IPA ^(key): /xa⁵³/

Definitions

哈

1. (Sichuan, Wuhan, Shuangfeng) silly; stupid

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Chengdu, SP): ha²

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• Mandarin
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ha²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xa
    • IPA ^(key): /xa²¹/

Definitions

哈

1. (Sichuan) to tickle

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hà, hā (ha⁴, ha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄚˋ, ㄏㄚ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: hà
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄚˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ha⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hah
    • IPA ^(key): /xa̠⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: hā
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄚ
    • Wade-Giles: ha¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ha
    • IPA ^(key): /xa̠⁵⁵/

Definitions

哈

1. Only used in 哈士蟆 (hàshimá).

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hà, hǎ (ha⁴, ha³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄚˋ, ㄏㄚˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: hà
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄚˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ha⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hah
    • IPA ^(key): /xa̠⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: hǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄚˇ
    • Wade-Giles: ha³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haa
    • IPA ^(key): /xa̠²¹⁴/

Definitions

哈

1. Only used in 哈巴 (hàba, “knee bending when walking”).

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hē (he¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: hē
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
    • Wade-Giles: ho¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
    • IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵⁵/

Definitions

哈

1. Alternative form of 呷 (xiā).
2. Alternative form of 喝 (hē).

Etymology 8

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tà (ta⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: tà
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄚˋ
    • Wade-Giles: t'a⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tah
    • IPA ^(key): /tʰa̠⁵¹/

Definitions

哈

1. Used in placenames.

Compounds

• 麻哈

Etymology 9

For pronunciation and definitions of 哈 – see 歃. (This character, 哈, is a variant form of 歃.)

Etymology 10

For pronunciation and definitions of 哈 – see 𪘁. (This character, 哈, is a variant form of 𪘁.)

References

• (Cantonese) Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)

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Japanese

Kanji

哈

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: か (ka); こう (kō)^{←こふ (kofu, historical)}; ごう (gō)^{←ごふ (gofu, historical)}; しょう (shō)^{←せふ (sefu, historical)}; とう (tō)^{←とふ (tofu, historical)}
• Kan’on: か (ka); こう (kō)^{←かふ (kafu, historical)}; ごう (gō)^{←がふ (gafu, historical)}; そう (sō)^{←さふ (safu, historical)}; とう (tō)^{←たふ (tafu, historical)}
• Tōon: は (ha)
• Kun: くう (kuu, 哈う); すする (susuru, 哈る); のむ (nomu, 哈む)

References

• “哈” in: 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

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Korean

Hanja

哈 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune-Reischauer hap)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

哈 (cáp, hóp, hộp, ngáp, họp, hớp, ngớp)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.