兄弟
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Chinese
[edit]elder brother | younger brother | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (兄弟) |
兄 | 弟 | |
anagram | 弟兄 |
Etymology
[edit]Dvandva of 兄 (xiōng, “older brother”) + 弟 (dì, “younger brother”)
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiong1 di4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щүнди (xündi, I-I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hing1 dai6
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'xiang1 ti5 / 'xiung1 ti5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xyng1 di3
- Northern Min (KCR): hiáng-dī
- Eastern Min (BUC): hiăng-diê
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shion-di
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): xiong1 di5
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): xin1 di
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ ㄉㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syongdì
- Wade–Giles: hsiung1-ti4
- Yale: syūng-dì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiongdih
- Palladius: сюнди (sjundi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xiong1 di4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xyngdi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyoŋ⁵⁵ ti²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүнди (xündi, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hing1 dai6
- Yale: hīng daih
- Cantonese Pinyin: hing1 dai6
- Guangdong Romanization: hing1 dei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'xiang1 ti5 / 'xiung1 ti5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈɕiaŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/, /ˈɕiuŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiûng-thi
- Hakka Romanization System: hiungˊ ti
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiung1 ti4
- Sinological IPA: /hi̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xyng1 di3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕỹŋ¹¹ ti⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiáng-dī
- Sinological IPA (key): /xiaŋ⁵⁴ ti⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hiăng-diê
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ (t-)niɛ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heng-tē
- Tâi-lô: hing-tē
- Phofsit Daibuun: hengde
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heng-tě
- Tâi-lô: hing-tě
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ³³ te²²/
Note:
- hiaⁿ-tī/hiaⁿ-tǐ - vernacular;
- heng-tē/heng-tě - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hian1 di6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiaⁿ tĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hĩã³³⁻²³ ti³⁵/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: xiong1 di5
- Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ɕi̯ʊŋ³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/
- Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /ɕin³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: xin1 di
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁴⁴⁵ ti³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: xjwaeng dejX|dejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥raŋ lˤəjʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hmraŋ diːlʔ|diːls/
Noun
[edit]兄弟
- (literal) brother
- (literal) brethren; brothers and sisters; siblings
- (figurative) brothers; close friends; good friends (Classifier: 位 m)
- gangster
- (Cantonese) groomsman
Synonyms
[edit]- (brother):
Dialectal synonyms of 兄弟 (“brothers”) [map]
- (groomsman): 伴郎 (bànláng)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “brother”): 姐妹 (jiěmèi)
Derived terms
[edit]- 三從兄弟/三从兄弟
- 兄弟兄弟,各人顧家己/兄弟兄弟,各人顾家己
- 兄弟共妻
- 兄弟刀槍刣,血予外人踏/兄弟刀枪刣,血予外人踏
- 兄弟如手足,妻子如衣服 (xiōngdì rú shǒuzú, qīzǐ rú yīfu)
- 兄弟如手足,毋免佮人約/兄弟如手足,毋免佮人约
- 兄弟姐妹 (xiōngdì jiěmèi)
- 兄弟姊妹 (xiōngdì zǐmèi)
- 兄弟市 (xiōngdìshì)
- 兄弟怡怡
- 兄弟是兄弟,過江照算錢/兄弟是兄弟,过江照算钱
- 兄弟會/兄弟会 (xiōngdìhuì)
- 兄弟若共心,烏塗變成金/兄弟若共心,乌涂变成金
- 兄弟鬩牆/兄弟阋墙 (xiōngdìxìqiáng)
- 內兄弟/内兄弟
- 同堂兄弟
- 同胞兄弟 (tóngbāo xiōngdì)
- 四海之內皆兄弟/四海之内皆兄弟 (sìhǎi zhī nèi jiē xiōngdì)
- 四海之内皆兄弟 (sìhǎi zhī nèi jiē xiōngdì)
- 四海皆兄弟
- 堂兄弟 (tángxiōngdì)
- 外兄弟
- 大兄弟
- 夫兄弟
- 如兄弟
- 好兄弟 (hǎoxiōngdì)
- 姻兄弟
- 嫡親兄弟/嫡亲兄弟
- 孿生兄弟/孪生兄弟 (luánshēng xiōngdì)
- 小兄弟
- 師兄弟/师兄弟
- 平原兄弟
- 庶兄弟
- 從兄弟/从兄弟 (cóngxiōngdì)
- 從兄弟門中/从兄弟门中
- 房分兄弟
- 打虎還得親兄弟/打虎还得亲兄弟
- 把兄弟 (bǎxiōngdì)
- 拜把兄弟
- 換帖兄弟/换帖兄弟
- 族兄弟
- 熱兄弟/热兄弟
- 異母兄弟/异母兄弟 (yìmǔ xiōngdì)
- 盟兄弟 (méngxiōngdì)
- 私兄弟
- 結拜兄弟/结拜兄弟 (jiébài xiōngdì)
- 義兄弟/义兄弟 (yìxiōngdì)
- 老兄弟
- 胞兄弟 (bāoxiōngdì)
- 腰鼓兄弟
- 至親兄弟/至亲兄弟
- 萊特兄弟/莱特兄弟
- 表兄弟 (biǎoxiōngdì)
- 親兄弟,明算帳/亲兄弟,明算帐 (qīn xiōngdì, míng suànzhàng)
- 謝家兄弟/谢家兄弟
- 譜兄弟/谱兄弟
- 遠兄弟/远兄弟
- 酒肉兄弟
- 陳摶的兄弟/陈抟的兄弟
- 靴兄弟
- 香火兄弟
Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (兄弟):
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hing1 dai6
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'xiang1 ti5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiûng-thi
- Jin (Wiktionary): xyng1 di3
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiaⁿ-tī / hiaⁿ-tǐ
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shion-di
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ ˙ㄉㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syongdi̊
- Wade–Giles: hsiung1-ti5
- Yale: syūng-di
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong.di
- Palladius: сюнди (sjundi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ d̥i²/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүнди (xündi, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hing1 dai6
- Yale: hīng daih
- Cantonese Pinyin: hing1 dai6
- Guangdong Romanization: hing1 dei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'xiang1 ti5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈɕiaŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiûng-thi
- Hakka Romanization System: hiungˊ ti
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiung1 ti4
- Sinological IPA: /hi̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xyng1 di3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕỹŋ¹¹ ti⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Southern Min
- Wu
Noun
[edit]兄弟
- (Mandarin, Gan, Jin, dialectal Wu, colloquial) younger brother
- (colloquial) my brother; bro (A term of address for a close friend of similar age or younger)
Synonyms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]兄弟
- A humble term of self-address used by a man to people of the same generation.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
兄 | 弟 |
けい Grade: 2 |
てい Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
兄 | 弟 |
きょう Grade: 2 |
だい Grade: 2 |
goon |
Alternative forms
[edit]- (siblings, sisters): 姉妹
- (siblings, an elder brother and a younger sister): 兄妹
- (siblings, an elder sister and a younger brother): 姉弟
- (siblings, not gender-specific): きょうだい
Etymology
[edit]From 兄 (kyō, “elder brother”, Go-on) + 弟 (dai, “younger brother”, Go-on), from Middle Chinese 兄弟.
Alternatively, from 兄 (kei, “elder brother”) (Kan-on) + 弟 (tei, “younger brother”) (Kan-on), from Chinese 兄弟. Compare 兄妹 (keimai, “elder brother and younger sister”), 姉弟 (shitei, “elder sister and younger brother”), and 姉妹 (shimai, “elder and younger sisters”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]兄弟 • (kyōdai) ←きやうだい (kyaudai)? (alternative reading hiragana けいてい, rōmaji keitei)
- brothers
- だんご三兄弟
- dango san kyōdai
- Dango three brothers
- だんご三兄弟
- (by extension) siblings in general
- 男兄弟
- otoko kyōdai
- brothers
- 女兄弟
- onna kyōdai
- sisters
- 男兄弟
- (by extension) brothers and sisters; brethren (brotherhood; fellowship)
Usage notes
[edit]- Note that the alternative forms listed above are used to be specific to the kinds of siblings.
- For the general "siblings" sense, hiragana may be used instead of kanji.
- The alternative spellings are only utilised for the siblings sense and may only be used with the pronunciation kyōdai
Hypernyms
[edit]Coordinate terms
[edit]- (brothers):
- 姉妹 (shimai, “sisters”)
- 兄妹 (keimai, “elder brother and younger sister”)
- 姉弟 (shitei, “elder sister and younger brother”)
- 兄姉 (keishi, “elder siblings”)
- 弟妹 (teimai, “younger siblings”)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
兄 | 弟 |
Noun
[edit]Kunigami
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
兄 | 弟 |
ちょー Grade: 2 |
れー Grade: 2 |
Etymology
[edit]Cognate to Japanese 兄弟 (kyōdai).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]兄弟 (chōrē)
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
兄 | 弟 |
ちょー Grade: 2 |
でー Grade: 2 |
Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese 兄弟 (kyōdai).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]兄弟 (chōdē)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
兄 | 弟 |
Noun
[edit]兄弟
Categories:
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- ja:Male family members
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- xug:Family
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