Translingual [ edit ]
Alternative forms [ edit ]
In Traditional Chinese , the component on the left of U+79AE
is 礻 . In Korean hanja and Japanese kyūjitai , the component on the left of U+79AE
is 示 rather than 礻 , which is also the historical form that appears in the Kangxi dictionary . A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+F9B6
to reflect the form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
Han character [ edit ]
禮 (Kangxi radical 113, 示 +13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 戈火廿田廿 (IFTWT ), four-corner 35218 , composition ⿰礻 豊 (G H T V ) or ⿰示 豊 (J K or U+F9B6) )
Derived characters [ edit ]
Related characters [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
KangXi: page 847 , character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24844
Dae Jaweon: page 1268, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2409, character 14
Unihan data for U+79AE
Chinese [ edit ]
trad.
禮
simp.
礼
alternative forms
豊 礼 ancient form 𠃞 ancient form 𤔑 ancient form 𥜨 豊 礼 ancient form 𠃞 ancient form 𤔑 ancient form 𥜨 𥜪 𥘆
Glyph origin [ edit ]
Old Chinese
體
*r̥ʰiːʔ
軆
*r̥ʰiːʔ
禮
*riːʔ
澧
*riːʔ
醴
*riːʔ
豊
*riːʔ
鱧
*riːʔ
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 , OC *riːʔ ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 ): semantic 礻 ( “ altar ” ) + phonetic 豊 ( OC *riːʔ , “ ceremony ” ) – performing rites at the altar.
Originally written 豊 , see there for more.
Etymology [ edit ]
Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) proposes that this is an old areal etymon. Compare Tibetan [script needed] ( zhe-sa , “ respect, honor, deference ” ) , [script needed] ( rje-bo , “ lord, nobleman ” ) , [script needed] ( rjed , “ to honor; reverence ” ) ; Mru [script needed] ( ri , “ ritual ” ) is possibly borrowed from Austroasiatic (cf. Mon [script needed] ( rèh seh , “ to respect, to revere ” ) ; Thin Khmu [script needed] ( rɛh , “ to lift up ” ) ; both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *reh ( “ to raise up, to exalt ” ) ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Note :
lài - vernacular;
lǐ - literary.
Min Dong
Min Nan
Note :
loi2 - vernacular;
li2 - literary.
Wu
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
禮
Reading #
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
lǐ
Middle Chinese
‹ lejX ›
Old Chinese
/*[r]ˁijʔ/
English
propriety, ceremony
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
禮
Reading #
1/1
No.
7839
Phonetic component
豊
Rime group
脂
Rime subdivision
2
Corresponding MC rime
禮
Old Chinese
/*riːʔ/
Definitions [ edit ]
禮
ritual ; rite ; ceremony
婚禮 / 婚礼 ― hūnlǐ ― wedding
喪禮 / 丧礼 ― sānglǐ ― funeral
我 孔 熯 矣 、式 禮 莫 愆 。 [Pre-Classical Chinese , trad. ] 我 孔 熯 矣 、式 礼 莫 愆 。 [Pre-Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: The Classic of Poetry , c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE , translated based on James Legge 's versionWǒ kǒng shàn yǐ, shì lǐ mò qiān. [Pinyin] We are very much exhausted, and have performed every ceremony without error.
卒 廷 見 相 如 ,畢 禮 而 歸 之 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 卒 廷 见 相 如 ,毕 礼 而 归 之 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: The Records of the Grand Historian , by Sima Qian , c. 91 BCE Zú tíng jiàn Xiāngrú, bì lǐ ér guī zhī. [Pinyin] In the end, (King Zhaoxiang of Qin ) granted (Lin) Xiangru an audience at his court, completed the ceremonies , and sent him back.
rules of etiquette ; rules of propriety
夫子 循循 然 善誘 人 ,博 我 以 文 ,約 我 以 禮 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 夫子 循循 然 善诱 人 ,博 我 以 文 ,约 我 以 礼 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: The Analects of Confucius , c. 475 – 221 BCE , translated based on James Legge 's versionFūzǐ xúnxún rán shànyòu rén, bó wǒ yǐ wén, yuē wǒ yǐ lǐ . [Pinyin] The Master, by orderly method, skillfully leads men on. He enlarged my mind with learning, and taught me the restraints of propriety .
夫 禮 者 ,所以 定 親疏 ,決 嫌疑 ,別 同異 ,明 是非 也 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 夫 礼 者 ,所以 定 亲疏 ,决 嫌疑 ,别 同异 ,明 是非 也 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: The Book of Rites , c. 4th – 2nd century BCE Fú lǐ zhě, suǒyǐ dìng qīnshū, jué xiányí, bié tóngyì, míng shìfēi yě. [Pinyin] They are the rules of propriety , that furnish the means of determining (the observances towards) relatives, as near and remote; of settling points which may cause suspicion or doubt; of distinguishing where there should be agreement, and where difference; and of making clear what is right and what is wrong.
courtesy ; etiquette ; manners
敬禮 / 敬礼 ― jìnglǐ ― to salute
禮 多人不怪/ 礼 多人不怪 ― lǐ duōrénbùguài ― nobody will find fault with extra courtesy
present ; gift (Classifier : 份 m c )
禮 物/ 礼 物 ― lǐ wù ― gift
to treat with respect and courtesy
敬賢禮 士 / 敬贤礼 士 ― jìngxiánlǐ shì ― to treat worthies and intellectuals respectfully and courteously
48th tetragram of the Taixuanjing ; "ritual" (𝌵 )
a surname
Usage notes [ edit ]
Usually, a single 禮 / 礼 (lǐ ) refers to a gift that involves more serious social interaction. For gifts between friends, 禮物 / 礼物 (lǐwù ) is used instead.
Compounds [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Japanese [ edit ]
禮
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names , kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 礼 )
Kyūjitai form of 礼 ( “ propriety ; courtesy ; politeness ; etiquette ” )
Readings [ edit ]
Etymology [ edit ]
From Middle Chinese 禮 (MC leiX ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Wikisource
禮 (eumhun 례도 /예도 례 ( ryedo/yedo rye ) , South Korea 례도 /예도 예 ( ryedo/yedo ye ) )
Hanja form? of 례 /예 ( “ manners ; etiquette ” ) .
Compounds [ edit ]
Compounds
무례 (無禮 , murye , “rudeness ”)
예절 (禮節 , yejeol , “manners , etiquette ”)
예식 (禮式 , yesik , “ceremony ”)
예의 (禮儀 , yeui , “manners , etiquette ”)
혼례 (婚禮 , hollye , “wedding ”)
예배 (禮拜 , yebae , “worship ”)
결례 (缺禮 , gyeollye , “discourtesy ”)
다례 (茶禮 , darye , “tea ceremony ”)
사례 (謝禮 , sarye , “return , reward ”)
답례 (答禮 , damnye , “return , reward ”)
경례 (敬禮 , gyeongnye , “salute ”)
세례 (洗禮 , serye , “baptism ”)
장례 (葬禮 , jangnye , “funeral ”)
References [ edit ]
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典 . [2]
Vietnamese [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
禮 : Hán Việt readings: lễ (里 ( lí ) 弟 ( đệ ) 切 ( thiết ) )[1] [2] [3]
禮 : Nôm readings: lễ [1] [2] [4] , lạy [3] [5] , lẻ [1] [3] [5] [4] , lẫy [2] [3] [5] [4] , rẽ [2] [3] , rẩy [2] [5] , lẩy [3] [5] , lãi [3] [4] , lể [5] [4] , lởi [3] , lỡi [3] , lấy [3] , lảy [4] , rẻ [4]
chữ Hán form of lễ ( “ ritual ; etiquette ; to kowtow ; an offering ; ceremony ” ) .
Nôm form of lạy ( “ to kowtow ” ) .
Nôm form of lẻ ( “ odd ( not divisible by two ) ” ) .
References [ edit ]