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例

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
例 U+4F8B, 例
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F8B
← 侊
[U+4F8A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 侌 →
[U+4F8C]
例 U+F9B5, 例
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B5
← 領
[U+F9B4] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 禮 →
[U+F9B6]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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例 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 人一弓弓 (OMNN), four-corner 22200, composition ⿰亻列)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 101, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 587
  • Dae Jaweon: page 215, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 146, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+4F8B

Chinese

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trad. 例
simp. # 例

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 例
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
s05879
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (列) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
例 *reds
鮤 *reds, *red
栵 *reds, *red
洌 *reds, *red
銐 *r'eds, *r̥ʰjeds
峛 *relʔ
列 *red
裂 *red
烈 *red
冽 *red
迾 *red
蛚 *red
茢 *red
颲 *red
鴷 *red
挒 *red
姴 *red

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *reds): semantic 亻 + phonetic 列 (OC *red).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • loi1 - vernacular;
  • li7 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 例
Mandarin Beijing /li⁵¹/
Harbin /li⁵³/
Tianjin /li⁵³/
Jinan /li²¹/
Qingdao /li⁴²/
Zhengzhou /li³¹²/
Xi'an /li⁴⁴/
Xining /l̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /li¹³/
Lanzhou /li¹³/
Ürümqi /li²¹³/
Wuhan /ni³⁵/
Chengdu /ni¹³/
Guiyang /ni²¹³/
Kunming /li²¹²/
Nanjing /li⁴⁴/
Hefei /zz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /li⁴⁵/
Pingyao /li³⁵/
Hohhot /li⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /liɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /li³¹/
Hangzhou /li¹³/
Wenzhou /li²¹³/
Hui Shexian /li²²/
Tunxi /le¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /li⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ni⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /li²¹/
Hakka Meixian /li⁵³/
Taoyuan /li⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lɐi²²/
Nanning /lɐi²²/
Hong Kong /lɐi²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /le²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /liɛ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /li⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /li³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lɔi²³/
Rime
Character 例
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 祭 (35)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力制切
Baxter ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/liajH/
Li
Rong 		/liɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/lĭɛiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li̯ɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lai6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 例
Reading # 1/1
No. 8121
Phonetic
component 		列
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		例
Old
Chinese 		/*reds/

Definitions

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例

  1. example; instance
    舉例／举例  ―  jǔlì  ―  to give an example
    以陳先生為例／以陈先生为例  ―  yǐ Chén xiānshēng wéi lì  ―  to use the case of Mr. Chen as an example
  2. case; instance
    病例  ―  bìnglì  ―  medical case
    例不十，法不立  ―  lì bù shí, fǎ bù lì  ―  If there are fewer than ten cases, then a rule should not be established based on them.
  3. precedent
    先例  ―  xiānlì  ―  precedent
    破例  ―  pòlì  ―  to grant an exception
  4. rule; regulation
    條例／条例  ―  tiáolì  ―  regulation
    唔啱例 [Cantonese]  ―  m4 ngaam1 lai6 [Jyutping]  ―  to violate the regulations
  5. regular
    例會／例会  ―  lìhuì  ―  regular meeting
  6. (literary) to compare; to contrast

Synonyms

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  • (example):
  • (precedent):
  • (rule):
  • (to compare):

Compounds

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References

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  • “例”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “例”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 352.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “例”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 136.

Japanese

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Kanji

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例

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: れ (re)
  • Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)、れつ (retsu)
  • Kun: たとえる (tatoeru, 例える, Jōyō)、たぐい (tagui, 例)、ためし (tameshi, 例)
Compounds
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Derived terms

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
例
れい
Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

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Noun

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例(れい) • (rei) 

  1. a custom, usual practice, habit
    Synonym: 慣例 (kanrei)
    例(れい)によって ― rei ni yotte ― as usual
    例(れい)に無(な)く ― rei ni naku ― contrary to habit
    メールで連(れん)絡(らく)するのが例(れい)となっている。
    Mēru de renraku suru no ga rei to natteiru.
    It has become customary practice to correspond by email.
  2. a precedent
    例(れい)のない出(で)来(き)事(ごと) ― rei no nai dekigoto ― an unprecedented incident
  3. the aforementioned, said
    例(れい)の男(おとこ) ― rei no otoko ― said man
  4. a case, an instance, an illustration, an example
    Synonyms: 一例 (ichirei), たとえ (tatoe)
    例(れい)として ― rei to shite ― for instance
    例(れい)を示(しめ)す ― rei o shimesu ― give an example

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
例
ためし
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
例し
様

Pronunciation

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Noun

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例(ためし) • (tameshi) 

  1. an instance, an example, a precedent
    Synonyms: 実例 (jitsurei), 先例 (senrei)
    聞(き)いた例(ためし)がありません。
    Kīta tameshi ga arimasen.
    I have never heard of such a thing.
Usage notes
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The most common reading is れい (rei).

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 例 (MC ljejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 례〯 (lyěy) (Yale: lyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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  • (initial position)
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
  • (non-initial position)

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

例 (eumhun 법식(法式) 례, word-initial (South Korea) 법식(法式) 예)

  1. hanja form? of 례/예 (“example”)
  2. hanja form? of 례/예 (“rule; formalities; process”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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例: Hán Việt readings: lệ[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
例: Nôm readings: lề[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], lời[1][2], lể[3][5], lìa[1], lướt[1], rày[1], rẫy[1], rời[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of lệ
    1. (rare) example
    2. (literary and in certain idioms) rule
  2. chữ Nôm form of lề (“(obsolete in isolation) custom; habit”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of lìa (“to leave; to separate; to abandon”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of lời (“word”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of lướt (“to glide; to graze; to pass quickly”)
  6. chữ Nôm form of rày (“(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) now, today, this time”)
  7. chữ Nôm form of rẫy (“to abandon; to repudiate; to renounce (one's wife)”)
  8. chữ Nôm form of rời (“to break off; to break loose; to leave”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Takeuchi (1988).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hồ (1976).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bonet (1899).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Génibrel (1898).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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