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祭

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
祭 U+796D, 祭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-796D
← 祬
[U+796C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 祮 →
[U+796E]

㉀ U+3240, ㉀
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FESTIVAL
← ㈿
[U+323F] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㉁ →
[U+3241]

Translingual

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Alternative forms

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In Japanese handwriting, the diagonals of the upper right component cross: the short upper-right to lower-left stroke crosses the long upper-left to lower-right stroke, rather than abutting there.

Han character

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祭 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月人一一火 (BOMMF), four-corner 27901, composition ⿱⿰𱼀⿺㇏㇇示)

Derived characters

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  • 傺㗫㡜憏摖漈際际暩㻮䄞磜穄縩𮉯䏅鰶𬶭察蔡瘵
Additional Derived Characters
  • 𭏥𣘤𪹥𥉻𲁀𬖴𧫕𨄊𨢵𮢻𱀮𱐢𨝠𨝋𮂤𡻰𨶫
  • 𠭫 (abbreviated)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 843, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24700
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1263, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2397, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+796D

Chinese

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trad. 祭
simp. # 祭
2nd round simp. 𥙊
alternative forms
𥙊
𫞴
𮁨
𮁰
𮁹
𥙊
𫞴
𮁨
𮁰
𮁹
𮈏
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 祭
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔡 *sʰlaːds
瘵 *ʔsreːds
祭 *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds
際 *ʔsleds
穄 *ʔsleds
鰶 *ʔsleds
傺 *hr'eds
摖 *sʰleːds
擦 *sʰlaːd
攃 *sʰlaːd, *saːd
礤 *sʰlaːd
察 *sʰreːd
詧 *sʰreːd, *sʰeːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 肉 (“meat”) + 又 (“hand”) + 示 (“altar, ceremony”) – the hand offers a piece of meat at the altar during a ceremony.

The 肉 is turned on its side and appears as 𱼀 in the regular script (compare 將, 然). The top right part is a form of 又.

The top is not related to but may be corrupted to 癶 in calligraphy and handwriting; this form also appeared in the second-round simplified list.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • zoi3 - vernacular;
  • ji3 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 祭
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕi²¹/
Qingdao /t͡si⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡si³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕji²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕi¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡si⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕi³⁵/
/t͡sei³⁵/ ～先人
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡si⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sei⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡si³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡se⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡si⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡si⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡si⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡si⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɐi³³/
Nanning /t͡sɐi³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐi³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡se²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡si²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡si³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡si²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡si³⁵/
Rime
Character 祭
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 祭 (35)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子例切
Baxter tsjejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sjæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siajH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 祭
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]et-s/
English sacrifice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 祭
Reading # 2/2
No. 5839
Phonetic
component 		祭
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		祭
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsleds/

Definitions

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祭

  1. to make offerings to; to sacrifice to; to worship
  2. a ceremony where one offers sacrifices to one's ancestors

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (祭):
  • → Vietnamese: tế (祭)

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 祭
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 莊 (18)
Final (韻) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 側界切
Baxter tsreajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃˠɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂəɨjH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃɐiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zaai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 祭
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsrɛjH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts](ˁ)re[t]-s/
English (name of a state)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 祭
Reading # 1/2
No. 5838
Phonetic
component 		祭
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		瘵
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsreːds/

Definitions

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祭

  1. (～國) Zhai (a state during the Spring and Autumn period (祭國))
  2. a surname

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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祭

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. festival

Readings

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  • Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: せい (sei)
  • Kun: はれ (hare)、まつる (matsuru, 祭る, Jōyō)、まつり (matsuri, 祭り, Jōyō)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
祭
まつ(り)
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 祭 – see the following entry.
【祭まつり】
[noun] festival
[noun] ceremonial
(This term, 祭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Hanja

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祭 • (je, chae) (hangeul 제, 채, revised je, chae, McCune–Reischauer che, ch'ae, Yale cey, chay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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祭: Hán Việt readings: tế[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

  1. chữ Hán form of tế (“(occult) to sacrifice to; to make an offering to”)

References

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  1. ^ Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Bonet (1899).
  6. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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