法

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法 U+6CD5, 法
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CD5
← 泔
[U+6CD4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泖 →
[U+6CD6]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order
法-order.gif

Han character[edit]

法 (radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水土戈 (EGI), four-corner 34131, composition ⿰氵去)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 616, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17290
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1010, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1579, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6CD5

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 法
alternative forms 㳒
灋
𢌇
佱
𣳴
Variant form of 法

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 法
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
法-bronze.svg 法-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (法) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
法 *pqab
灋 *pqab

Simplified from earlier 灋, which was originally used to represent 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside; to abrogate”).

Etymology[edit]

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan བབས (babs, “shape, form, appearance”), དབྱིབས (dbyibs, “shape, form, figure”). Possibly cognate with 凡 (OC *bom, “all, general, every; pattern, general rule”); see there for more.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • fǎ - normal pronunciation;
  • fā - used in some colloquial words (e.g. 法兒 (“method”) in 沒法兒 and 想個法兒);
  • fá - used in 法子 (“method”) and 法兒 (“method”);
  • fà - originally Beijing dialect, also a common variant in Taiwan, used for “France; French”.
  • (Dungan)
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • huab4 - Chaozhou;
    • huag4 - Shantou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 法
    Mandarin Beijing /fa²¹⁴/
    /fa⁵¹/
    Harbin /fa²¹³/
    Tianjin /fɑ⁴⁵/ ～子
    /fɑ¹³/ 方～,～國
    Jinan /fa²¹³/
    Qingdao /fa⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /fa²⁴/
    Xi'an /fa²¹/
    Xining /fa⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /fa¹³/
    Lanzhou /fa¹³/
    Ürümqi /fa⁵¹/
    Wuhan /fa²¹³/
    Chengdu /fa³¹/
    Guiyang /fa²¹/
    Kunming /fa̠³¹/
    Nanjing /fɑʔ⁵/
    Hefei /fɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /faʔ²/
    Pingyao /xuʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /faʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /faʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /faʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /fɑʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /ho²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /faʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /fuːə⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /fa²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ɸɒ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /faʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /fap̚¹/
    Taoyuan /fɑp̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /fat̚³/
    Nanning /fat̚³³/
    Hong Kong /fat̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /huat̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huɑʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xua²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /huak̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /fak̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 法
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 乏 (148)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 方乏切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pɨɐp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/piɐp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/piɐp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/puap̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/piɐp̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pĭwɐp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pi̯wɐp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fa
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 法
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fǎ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pjop ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[p.k]ap/
    English model, law

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 法
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2867
    Phonetic
    component         		法
    Rime
    group         		盍
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		法
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pqab/
    Notes 說文灋省文

    Definitions[edit]

    法

    1. law; rule; regulation; statute
    2. norm; standard; model; example
    3. method; way; solution
    4. (Buddhism) dharma; principle of the universe; teachings of Buddha
      末法時期 / 末法时期  ―  mò fǎ shíqī  ―  Dharma-ending age
    5. Buddhist; relating to Buddhism
    6. † to imitate; to emulate
    7. 40th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "law" (𝌭)
    8. Short for 法國 (“France; French”).
    9. A surname​.

    Usage notes[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 法

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (法):
    • → Japanese: 法(ほう) (hō)
    • → Korean: 법 (法, beop)
    • → Vietnamese: pháp (法)

    Others:

    • → Proto-Tai
      • Lao: ແບບ (bǣp, “form; model, standard, example; method; style, manner; brand, type”)
      • Thai: แบบ (bɛ̀ɛp, “kind; design, pattern; style; type; model”)
      • → Khmer: បែប (baep, “kind, sort, model, type; style, form, shape; aspect; method, way, situation, condition”)
      • → Vietnamese: phép (“rule, custom, usage, method; permission, authorisation; magical power”)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    法

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. method
    2. law, rule
    3. principle
    4. model
    5. system

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    法
    ほう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 法 (MC pɨɐp̚). Originally, the kan'on was はふ (fafu), and the goon was ほふ (fofu), although both became ほう (hō) in modern Japanese. It is suggested that the kan'on was used in the general senses, while the goon was used in Buddhist contexts.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    法(ほう) • (hō)  (historical kana はふ)

    1. principle
    2. law
    3. code of law
    4. method
    5. etiquette
    6. (Buddhism) dharma
    7. (grammar) mood
    8. (mathematics) divisor
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    法
    のり
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    法(のり) • (nori) 

    1. law
    2. measure, size
      内(うち)法(のり)
      uchi nori
      inner size
    Synonyms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    法
    ふらん
    Grade: 4
    Irregular

    From French franc.[1][3]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    法(フラン) • (furan) 

    1. Alternative spelling of フラン

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    法 (eum 법 (beop))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    法 (pháp, phấp, phép, phăm, phắp)

    1. law
    2. method
    3. France, French
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