法

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See also: 灋
法 U+6CD5, 法
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CD5
← 泔
[U+6CD4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泖 →
[U+6CD6]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

法 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水土戈 (EGI), four-corner 34131, composition ⿰氵去)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 616, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17290
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1010, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1579, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6CD5

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 法
alternative forms 㳒
灋
𢌇
佱
𣳴

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 法
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (法) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
法 *pqab
灋 *pqab

Simplified from earlier 灋, which was originally used to represent 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside; to abrogate”).

Etymology 1[edit]

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan བབས (babs, “shape, form, appearance”), དབྱིབས (dbyibs, “shape, form, figure”). Possibly cognate with 凡 (OC *bom, “all, general, every; pattern, general rule”); see there for more.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • huab4 - Chaozhou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
    • huag4 - Shantou, Chenghai.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 法
    Mandarin Beijing /fa²¹⁴/
    /fa⁵¹/
    Harbin /fa²¹³/
    Tianjin /fɑ⁴⁵/ ～子
    /fɑ¹³/ 方～,～國
    Jinan /fa²¹³/
    Qingdao /fa⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /fa²⁴/
    Xi'an /fa²¹/
    Xining /fa⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /fa¹³/
    Lanzhou /fa¹³/
    Ürümqi /fa⁵¹/
    Wuhan /fa²¹³/
    Chengdu /fa³¹/
    Guiyang /fa²¹/
    Kunming /fa̠³¹/
    Nanjing /fɑʔ⁵/
    Hefei /fɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /faʔ²/
    Pingyao /xuʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /faʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /faʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /faʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /fɑʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /ho²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /faʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /fuːə⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /fa²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ɸɒ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /faʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /fap̚¹/
    Taoyuan /fɑp̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /fat̚³/
    Nanning /fat̚³³/
    Hong Kong /fat̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /huat̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huɑʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xua²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /huak̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /fak̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 法
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 凡 (148)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 方乏切
    Baxter pjop
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pɨɐp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/piɐp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/piɐp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/puap̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/piɐp̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pĭwɐp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pi̯wɐp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fa
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faat3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 法
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fǎ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pjop ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[p.k]ap/
    English model, law

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 法
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2867
    Phonetic
    component         		法
    Rime
    group         		盍
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		法
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pqab/
    Notes 說文灋省文

    Definitions[edit]

    法

    1. law; rule; regulation; statute
      法院  ―  fǎyuàn  ―  court of law
      立法  ―  lìfǎ  ―  to legislate
      犯法  ―  fànfǎ  ―  to break the law
      普通法  ―  pǔtōngfǎ  ―  common law
      著作權法／著作权法  ―  zhùzuòquánfǎ  ―  copyright law
    2. norm; standard; model; example
      法書／法书  ―  fǎshū  ―  model calligraphy
      語法／语法  ―  yǔfǎ  ―  grammar
    3. to imitate; to emulate
      效法  ―  xiàofǎ  ―  to imitate
      師法／师法  ―  shīfǎ  ―  to imitate
    4. method; way; solution
      歸納法／归纳法  ―  guīnàfǎ  ―  inductive reasoning
    5. (Buddhism) dharma; principle of the universe; teachings of Buddha
      法輪／法轮  ―  fǎlún  ―  dharmachakra
      末法時期／末法时期  ―  mò fǎ shíqī  ―  Dharma-ending age
    6. magic; magic arts; sorcery; witchcraft
      施法  ―  shīfǎ  ―  to cast a spell
    7. 40th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "law" (𝌭)
    8. (Cantonese) such a way
      而家噉搞法我都唔知點算好。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      而家噉搞法我都唔知点算好。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ji4 gaa1 gam2 gaau2 faat3 ngo5 dou1 m4 zi1 dim2 syun3 hou2. [Jyutping]
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    9. a surname
    Usage notes[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (法):
    • → Japanese: 法(ほう) (hō)
    • → Korean: 법(法) (beop)
    • → Vietnamese: pháp (法)

    Others:

    • → Proto-Tai
      • Lao: ແບບ (bǣp, “form; model, standard, example; method; style, manner; brand, type”)
      • Thai: แบบ (bɛ̀ɛp, “kind; design, pattern; style; type; model”)
      • → Khmer: បែប (baep, “kind, sort, model, type; style, form, shape; aspect; method, way, situation, condition”)
    • → Vietnamese: phép (“rule, custom, usage, method; permission, authorisation; magical power”)
    • → Manchu: ᡶᠠᡶᡠᠨ (fafun, “law; rule; punishment”)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Note:
    • huab4 - Chaozhou;
    • huag4 - Shantou.

    Definitions[edit]

    法

    1. Short for 法蘭西／法兰西 (Fǎlánxī, “France”).
      法語／法语  ―  fǎyǔ  ―  French language
      法棍  ―  fǎgùn  ―  French stick
    Usage notes[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    法

    1. Short for 法拉 (fǎlā, “farad”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    法

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. method
    2. law, rule
    3. principle
    4. model
    5. system

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    法
    ほう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 法 (MC pjop). Originally, the kan'on was はふ (fafu), and the goon was ほふ (fofu), although both became ほう (hō) in modern Japanese. It is suggested that the kan'on was used in the general senses, while the goon was used in Buddhist contexts.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    法(ほう) • (hō) ←はふ (fafu)?

    1. principle
    2. law
    3. code of law
    4. method
    5. etiquette
    6. (Buddhism) dharma
    7. (grammar) mood
    8. (mathematics) divisor
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    法
    のり
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 法 – see the following entry.
    【のり】
    [noun] rule, regulation, law
    [noun] norm, standard
    [noun] measure, ruler (measuring device)
    [noun] measure, size
    Alternative spellings
    規, 則, 矩
    (This term, 法, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    法
    ふらん
    Grade: 4
    irregular

    From French franc.[1][3]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    法(フラン) • (furan) 

    1. Alternative spelling of フラン

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    法 (eumhun 법 법 (beop beop))

    1. Hanja form? of 법 (“law”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    法: Hán Việt readings: pháp[1][2][3][4][5][6]
    法: Nôm readings: pháp[1][2][3], phép[1][2][3], phấp[1][2][3], phăm[3], phắp[3], bắp[1], mép[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of pháp (“law, method, standard”).
    2. chữ Hán form of Pháp (“France, French”).
    3. Nôm form of phép (“custom, permission”).

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Trần (1999).
    5. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
    6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
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