凡

See also: 几, 凢, 𠁽, 丸, and 𠔼

凡 U+51E1, 凡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51E1 ← 几 [U+51E0] CJK Unified Ideographs 凢 → [U+51E2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

凡 (Kangxi radical 16, 几+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓戈 (HNI), four-corner 7721₀, composition ⿵几丶)

Derived characters

• 𠆩, 𪞖, 㕨, 𪢵, 𫰉, 𭒺, 帆, 𫶿, 忛, 汎, 䏎, 杋, 𬂢, 𤆘, 𤖫, 𤜦, 㺬, 𤬨, 𡴉, 𥃵, 矾, 𬗄, 舤, 舧, 䖠, 訉, 𨈔, 軓, 𨟱, 釩(钒), 𨥵, 𠙜, 𩖛, 𩚑, 䭵, 𣔗, 𢔫, 骪, 𠔮, 𠥷, 𬹐, 𣋰, 𨙮, 𩾨
• 𪜠, 㞩, 竼, 芃, 𠘻, 𭴄, 𭃓, 𠫨, 梵, 𤈺, 𫷵, 𪎒, 𩬰, 䴟, 𠙩, 𠙮, 𠙱, 𮚝
• 風, 鳳 (originally contain 凡)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 134, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1739
• Dae Jaweon: page 299, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 276, character 3
• Unihan data for U+51E1

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凡
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions b07756
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (凡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嵐	*b·ruːm
葻	*b·uːm
釩	*pʰomʔ
汎	*pʰoms, *bum
凡	*bom
帆	*bom, *boms
颿	*bom, *boms
軓	*bomʔ
梵	*bloms, *bum
芃	*boːŋ, *bum
風	*plum, *plums
飌	*plum
楓	*plum
猦	*plum
偑	*plum
檒	*plum
瘋	*plum
諷	*plums
堸	*blum
渢	*blum
鳳	*bums

Pictogram (象形) – a plate, a flat dish. See also 風 and 同. Unrelated to 几.

Borrowed for abstract meanings. Another character 盤 (OC *baːn) was created to refer to the original word.

As an alternative, a bucket. If the character represents a bucket, part of its original meaning could be preserved in 同 and in turn in 筒 (OC *doːŋ, *doːŋs, “bucket”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		凡

According to Schuessler (2007), Sino-Tibetan in origin; compare Mizo pum (“whole; all”), Burmese ဘုံ (bhum, “common, public, communal”). See also 法 (OC *pqab, “law”), which may be related, as well as 範 (OC *bomʔ, “pattern, model”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fán (fan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): faan⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): fan⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fàm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fam²

• Jin (Wiktionary): fan¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): huàng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoân / hâm / hoān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵ / huam⁵ / huang⁶ / huam⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ve
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fán
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fán
    • Wade–Giles: fan²
    • Yale: fán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
    • Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: faan⁴
    • Yale: fàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fan³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: fam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fam²
    • Sinological IPA: /fam¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fam²
    • Sinological IPA: /fam¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: fan¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
    • Tâi-lô: huân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /huan²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
    • Tâi-lô: hâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haam
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
    • Tâi-lô: huān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang⁵ / huam⁵ / huang⁶ / huam⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng / huâm / huăng / huăm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /huam⁵⁵/, /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/

Note:

• huang5/huam5 - "ordinary" (huang5 - Shantou, huam5 - Chaozhou);
• huang6/huam6 - “outline, every, altogether, surname” (huang6 - Shantou, huam6 - Chaozhou).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ve
    • MiniDict: ve^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ve
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ve²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: fan²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸan¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 凡
Mandarin	Beijing	/fan³⁵/
	Harbin	/fan²⁴/ 下～ /fan⁵³/ ～是
	Tianjin	/fan⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/fã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/fã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/fan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/fã²⁴/
	Xining	/fã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/fan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/fɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/fan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/fan²¹³/
	Chengdu	/fan³¹/
	Guiyang	/fan²¹/
	Kunming	/fã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/faŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/fæ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xuɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/fæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ve²³/
	Suzhou	/ve̞¹³/
	Hangzhou	/vẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/va³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/fɛ⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/fuːə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/fan¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɸan¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/fan⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/fan¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/fɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fan²¹/
	Nanning	/fan²¹/
	Hong Kong	/fan²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/huan³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huaŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/uaiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/huaŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/faŋ³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjom

Rime
Character	凡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	凡 (146)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符咸切
Baxter	bjom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨɐm/
Pan Wuyun	/biɐm/
Shao Rongfen	/biɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buam/
Li Rong	/biɐm/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rom/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bom/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fán
Middle Chinese	‹ bjom ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rom/
English	in every case
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凡
Reading #	1/1
No.	2914
Phonetic component	凡
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	凡
Old Chinese	/*bom/
Notes	鹹手冊據切韻改䒦

Definitions

凡

1. in general; every, all, any; indicates that the statement applies generally, to all cases.

   • 凡為人子之禮：冬溫而夏凊，昏定而晨省，在醜夷不爭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     凡为人子之礼：冬温而夏凊，昏定而晨省，在丑夷不争。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Fán wèi rénzǐ zhī lǐ: dōng wēn ér xià qìng, hūn dìng ér chén xǐng, zài chǒuyí bù zhēng. [Pinyin]

     For all sons it is the rule: In winter, to warm [the bed for their parents], and to cool it in summer; in the evening, to adjust everything [for their repose], and to inquire [about their health] in the morning; and, when with their companions, not to quarrel.

   • 凡被造的，沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。 [MSC, trad.]
     凡被造的，没有一样不是借着他造的。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3

     Fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yīyàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de. [Pinyin]

     Without him was not any thing made that was made.

2. altogether; in total (of numbers)

   • 君一位，卿一位，大夫一位，上士一位，中士一位，下士一位，凡六等。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jūn yī wèi, qīng yī wèi, dàfū yī wèi, shàngshì yī wèi, zhōngshì yī wèi, xiàshì yī wèi, fán liù děng. [Pinyin]

     The Ruler again constituted one dignity; the Chief Minister one; the Great Officers one; the Scholars of the First Class one; those of the Middle Class one; and those of the Lowest Class one - altogether six degrees of dignity.

3. ordinary; commonplace

   非凡  ―  fēifán  ―  extraordinary

   凡人  ―  fánrén  ―  common people

4. worldly; mortal; earthly
5. (literary) outline; gist
6. a surname

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “ordinary”): 偉 / 伟 (wěi) (extraordinary)

Compounds

• 一表非凡
• 下凡 (xiàfán)
• 不凡 (bùfán)
• 不同凡響 / 不同凡响 (bùtóngfánxiǎng)
• 不平凡
• 不知凡幾 / 不知凡几 (bùzhīfánjǐ)
• 丰標不凡
• 伊凡諾夫 / 伊凡诺夫
• 但凡 (dànfán)
• 入聖超凡 / 入圣超凡
• 凡事 (fánshì)
• 凡人 (fánrén)
• 凡作
• 凡例 (fánlì)
• 凡俗 (fánsú)
• 凡勢 / 凡势 (hoān-sè) (Min Nan)
• 凡品
• 凡士林 (fánshìlín)
• 凡夫 (fánfū)
• 凡夫俗子 (fánfūsúzǐ)
• 凡夫肉眼
• 凡庸 (fányōng)
• 凡心
• 凡愚
• 凡才
• 凡是 (fánshì)
• 凡材
• 凡桃俗李
• 凡民
• 凡火
• 凡爾 / 凡尔 (fán'ěr)
• 凡爾賽 / 凡尔赛 (fán'ěrsài)
• 凡爾賽宮 / 凡尔赛宫 (Fán'ěrsài Gōng)
• 凡百
• 凡目
• 凡眼
• 凡知
• 凡立司
• 凡童
• 凡胎俗骨
• 凡胎濁骨 / 凡胎浊骨
• 凡語 / 凡语
• 凡近
• 凡間 / 凡间 (fánjiān)
• 凡骨
• 單調平凡 / 单调平凡
• 器宇不凡
• 塵凡 / 尘凡
• 大凡 (dàfán)
• 平凡 (píngfán)
• 得意非凡
• 思凡
• 楚楚不凡
• 濁質凡姿 / 浊质凡姿
• 濁骨凡胎 / 浊骨凡胎
• 發凡 / 发凡
• 發凡舉例 / 发凡举例
• 眼肉胎凡
• 素門凡流 / 素门凡流
• 肉眼凡夫
• 肉眼凡胎
• 臨凡 / 临凡
• 自命不凡 (zìmìngbùfán)
• 自負不凡 / 自负不凡
• 舉例發凡 / 举例发凡
• 舉凡 / 举凡 (jǔfán)
• 舉止不凡 / 举止不凡
• 諸凡順遂 / 诸凡顺遂
• 超凡 (chāofán)
• 超凡入聖 / 超凡入圣 (chāofánrùshèng)
• 超凡出世
• 身價非凡 / 身价非凡
• 身手不凡 (shēnshǒubùfán)
• 降凡
• 非凡 (fēifán)
• 非凡氣魄 / 非凡气魄
• 革凡成聖 / 革凡成圣
• 革凡登聖 / 革凡登圣
• 骨格不凡

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		凡

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fán (fan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fán
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fán
    • Wade–Giles: fan²
    • Yale: fán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
    • Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän³⁵/

Definitions

凡

1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note fa (4).

   Synonym: 反 (Cantonese opera)

Derived terms

• 𠆩
• 𪛝 (fán)
• 𱝬 (fán)

References

• “凡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

凡

(Jōyō kanji)

1. in general, by and large
2. ordinary, common, mediocre
3. outline, gist

Readings

• Go-on: ぼん (bon, Jōyō)^{←ぼん (bon, historical)←ぼむ (bomu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō ^†)^{←はん (fan, historical)←はむ (famu, ancient)}
• Kun: おお (ō, 凡)^{←おほ (ofo, 凡, historical)}、おおし (ōshi, 凡)^{←おほし (ofosi, 凡, historical)}、おおよそ (ōyoso, 凡)^{←おほよそ (ofoyoso, 凡, historical)}、およそ (oyoso, 凡そ)、すべて (subete, 凡て)
• Nanori: おおち (ōchi)^{←おほち (ofoti, historical)}、おし (oshi)、ただし (tadashi)、ちか (chika)、つね (tsune)、なみ (nami)、ひろし (hiroshi)

Compounds

• 凡(ぼん)凡(ぼん) (bonbon)
• 凡(ぼん)界(かい) (bonkai)
• 凡(ぼん)眼(がん) (bongan)
• 凡(ぼん)器(き) (bonki)
• 凡(ぼん)境(きょう) (bonkyō), 凡(ぼん)境(けい) (bonkei)
• 凡(ぼん)近(きん) (bonkin)
• 凡(ぼん)愚(ぐ) (bongu)
• 凡(ぼん)下(げ) (bonge)
• 凡(ぼん)骨(こつ) (bonkotsu)
• 凡(ぼん)才(さい) (bonsai)
• 凡(ぼん)作(さく) (bonsaku)
• 凡(ぼん)策(さく) (bonsaku)
• 凡(ぼん)失(しつ) (bonshitsu)
• 凡(ぼん)主(しゅ) (bonshu)
• 凡(ぼん)手(しゅ) (bonshu)
• 凡(ぼん)庶(しょ) (bonsho)
• 凡(ぼん)書(しょ) (bonsho)
• 凡(ぼん)小(しょう) (bonshō)
• 凡(ぼん)常(じょう) (bonjō)
• 凡(ぼん)情(じょう) (bonjō)
• 凡(ぼん)将(しょう) (bonshō)
• 凡(ぼん)聖(しょう) (bonshō)
• 凡(ぼん)人(じん) (bonjin)
• 凡(ぼん)身(しん) (bonshin)
• 凡(ぼん)戦(せん) (bonsen)
• 凡(ぼん)僧(そう) (bonsō), 凡(ぼん)僧(ぞう) (bonzō)
• 凡(ぼん)走(そう) (bonsō)
• 凡(ぼん)俗(ぞく) (bonzoku)
• 凡(ぼん)打(だ) (bonda)
• 凡(ぼん)退(たい) (bontai)
• 凡(ぼん)知(ち), 凡(ぼん)智(ち) (bonchi)
• 凡(ぼん)人(にん) (bonnin)
• 凡(ぼん)百(ぴゃく) (bonpyaku)
• 凡(ぼん)夫(ぷ) (bonpu), 凡(ぼん)夫(ぶ) (bonbu)
• 凡(ぼん)庸(よう) (bon'yō)
• 凡(ぼん)流(りゅう) (bonryū)
• 凡(ぼん)慮(りょ) (bonryo)
• 凡(はん)百(ぴゃく) (hanpyaku)
• 凡(はん)例(れい) (hanrei)
• 退(だい)凡(ぼん)下(げ)乗(じょう) (daibongejō)
• 常(じょう)凡(ぼん) (jōbon)
• 超(ちょう)凡(ぼん) (chōbon)
• 非(ひ)凡(ぼん) (hibon)
• 平(へい)凡(ぼん) (heibon)
• 大(おお)凡(よそ) (ōyoso)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
凡
ぼん Grade: S
goon

Alternative spelling
凢 (rare)

*/bɨəm/ → /bomʉ/ → /boɴ/

From Middle Chinese 凡 (MC bjom).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぼん [bóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bõ̞ɴ]

Adjective

凡(ぼん) • (bon) -na (adnominal 凡(ぼん)な (bon na), adverbial 凡(ぼん)に (bon ni))

1. mediocre, ordinary

   Antonym: 非凡 (hibon)

Inflection

Inflection of 凡

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	凡だろ	ぼんだろ	bon daro
Continuative (連用形)	凡で	ぼんで	bon de
Terminal (終止形)	凡だ	ぼんだ	bon da
Attributive (連体形)	凡な	ぼんな	bon na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	凡なら	ぼんなら	bon nara
Imperative (命令形)	凡であれ	ぼんであれ	bon de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	凡ではない 凡じゃない	ぼんではない ぼんじゃない	bon de wa nai bon ja nai
Informal past	凡だった	ぼんだった	bon datta
Informal negative past	凡ではなかった 凡じゃなかった	ぼんではなかった ぼんじゃなかった	bon de wa nakatta bon ja nakatta
Formal	凡です	ぼんです	bon desu
Formal negative	凡ではありません 凡じゃありません	ぼんではありません ぼんじゃありません	bon de wa arimasen bon ja arimasen
Formal past	凡でした	ぼんでした	bon deshita
Formal negative past	凡ではありませんでした 凡じゃありませんでした	ぼんではありませんでした ぼんじゃありませんでした	bon de wa arimasen deshita bon ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	凡で	ぼんで	bon de
Conditional	凡なら（ば）	ぼんなら（ば）	bon nara (ba)
Provisional	凡だったら	ぼんだったら	bon dattara
Volitional	凡だろう	ぼんだろう	bon darō
Adverbial	凡に	ぼんに	bon ni
Degree	凡さ	ぼんさ	bonsa

Derived terms

• 凡(ぼん)ミス (bon misu)

Noun

凡(ぼん) • (bon) 

1. mediocrity

   Antonym: 非凡 (hibon)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
凡
おお Grade: S
kun'yomi

/opo/ → /ofo/ → /oho/ → /oː/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with 大 (ō, “great, large”), and the oho- element in おほほし (ohohoshi, “unclear, indistinct; depressed, gloomy; stupid, imbecilic”).

Historically also realized as obo in old texts, and cognate with the obo- element in 朧 (oboro, “hazy, vague, dim, indistinct”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞ː]

Adjective

凡(おお) • (ō) ^{←おほ (ofo)?†}-nari

1. (archaic) dim, faint

   Synonym: 仄か (honoka)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 219:
     , text here

     天(そら)數(かぞふ)凡津(おほつの)子之(こが)相(あひし)日(ひに)於保(おほ)尓(に)見(み)敷(しか)者(ば)今(いま)叙(ぞ)悔(くやしき) [Man'yōgana]

     空数(そらかぞ)ふ大(おほ)津(つ)の子(こ)が逢(あ)ひし日(ひ)におぼに見(み)しかば今(いま)ぞ悔(くや)しき [Modern spelling]

     sora kazou Ōtsu no ko ga aishi hi ni oboni mishikaba ima zo kuyashiki

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. (archaic) moderate

   Synonym: いい加減 (iikagen)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3535:
     , text here

     於能我乎遠(おのがをを)於保(おほ)尓奈於毛比曽(になおもひそ)尓波尓多知(にはにたち)恵麻須我可良尓(ゑますがからに)古麻尓安布毛能乎(こまにあふものを) [Man'yōgana]

     己(おの)が命(を)をおほにな思(おも)ひそ庭(には)に立(た)ち笑(ゑ)ますがからに駒(こま)に逢(あ)ふものを [Modern spelling]

     onoga o o ōni na omoi so niwa ni tachi emasu ga kara ni koma ni au mono o

     (please add an English translation of this example)

3. (archaic) mediocre, ordinary

   Synonyms: 普通 (futsū), 平凡 (heibon)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 965:
     , text here

     凡(おほ)有(なら)者(ば)左毛右毛将為乎(かもかもせむを)恐(かしこみ)跡(と)振痛袖(ふりたきそで)乎(を)忍(しのび)而(て)有(ある)香聞(かも) [Man'yōgana]

     おほならばかもかもせむを畏(かしこ)みと振(ふ)りたき袖(そで)を忍(しの)びてあるかも [Modern spelling]

     ōnaraba ka mo ka mo semu o kashikomi to furitaki sode o shinobite aru ka mo

     (please add an English translation of this example)

4. (archaic) 大: large, big; roomy, loose

Derived terms

• 朧(おぼろ) (oboro, “hazy”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
凡
おおし Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Appears to be a lexicalized adverbial use of the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of classical adjective 多し (ōshi, “many”, modern 多い (ōi), same opo → ofo → oho → ō root).

Alternatively, might be adjective stem ō + conjunctive particle し (shi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞ːɕi]

Adverb

凡(おおし) • (ōshi) ^{←おほし (ofosi)?}

1. about, generally, in general

   Synonyms: 凡そ (oyoso), 大体 (daitai)

Derived terms

• 凡(おおし)河(こ)内(うち) (Ōshikōchi, a surname)

Korean

Hanja

凡 (eumhun 무릇 범 (mureut beom))

1. hanja form^? of 범 (“all, any, every”)
2. hanja form^? of 범 (“ordinary, common”)

Vietnamese

Han character

凡: Hán Việt readings: phàm

1. chữ Hán form of phàm (“(of people) merely mortal and average”)