造

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造 U+9020, 造
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9020
← 速
[U+901F]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 逡 →
[U+9021]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

造 (radical 162 辵+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 34306, composition ⿺辶告)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1258, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3841, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9020

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 造

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (告) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
造 *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
慥 *skʰuːɡs
艁 *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
糙 *skʰuːɡs
告 *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
誥 *kuːɡs
郜 *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
祰 *kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ
靠 *kʰuːɡs
浩 *ɡuːʔ, *kuːb
晧 *ɡuːʔ
皓 *ɡuːʔ
窖 *kruːɡs
簉 *skʰruɡs
梏 *kruːɡ, *kuːɡ
硞 *kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ
牿 *kuːɡ
鵠 *kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ
酷 *kʰuːɡ
焅 *kʰuːɡ
嚳 *kʰuːɡ
頶 *ɡuːɡ

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ): semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • chǒ - vernacular;
    • chǒ͘ - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 造
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sɑu⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sau⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sɑu⁵³/
Jinan /t͡sɔ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡sɔ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sau³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sɔ²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡sɔ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sɔ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sɔ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sʰau³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sʰau¹³/
/t͡sau¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰao²¹³/
Kunming /t͡sʰɔ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sɔo⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
/t͡sɔ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰau⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sɔ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zɔ²³/
Suzhou /zæ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zɔ¹³/
Wenzhou /zɜ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɔ²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰə²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/ 建～
/t͡sau¹¹/ ～孽
Xiangtan /t͡sʰaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɑu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰau⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sou²²/
Nanning /t͡su²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sou²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰo²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰɔ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sau⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sau³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tau³³/
Rime
Character 造
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 昨早切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zawX/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zɑuX/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zào
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 造
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzawX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dzˤ]uʔ/
English make

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 造
Reading # 2/2
No. 3803
Phonetic
component		 告
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 皁
Old
Chinese		 /*sɡuːʔ/
Definitions[edit]

造

  1. to make; to build
  2. to manufacture; to make; to produce
  3. to create; to invent; to establish
  4. to make up; to fabricate
  5. to institute
  6. era; period
  7. crop; harvest
  8. (law) party concerned in the suit
  9. (Mandarin) Eye dialect spelling of 知道 (zhīdào), representing Taiwan Chinese.

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 造
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 七到切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰawH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cào
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 造
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshawH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*(mə-)tsʰˤuʔ-s/
English go to

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 造
Reading # 1/2
No. 3799
Phonetic
component		 告
Rime
group		 奧
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 操
Old
Chinese		 /*skʰuːɡs/
Definitions[edit]

造

  1. to go to; to arrive at; to reach
  2. to visit; to pay a visit; to call to pay respect
  3. to achieve; to attain; to accomplish
  4. achievement; accomplishment; attainment

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 造

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 造 – see 𢲵 (“(Sichuan) to stir; to flip over; to rummage”).
(This character, 造, is a variant form of 𢲵.)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

造

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. create, make, physique, structure

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

造 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune-Reischauer cho, Yale co)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

造 (tạo, xáo, xạo, tháo)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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