造
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
造 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 34306, composition ⿺辶告)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1258, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
- Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3841, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9020
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 造 | |
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simp. # | 造 | |
alternative forms | 艁 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ): semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
造
- to make; to build; to manufacture
- 造船 ― zàochuán ― to build a ship
- 仿造 ― fǎngzào ― to produce something after a model; to copy
- 創造 / 创造 ― chuàngzào ― to create
- 造房子 ― zào fángzǐ ― to build a house
- 造輿論 / 造舆论 ― zào yúlùn ― to manufacture public opinion
- 造一臺手機 / 造一台手机 ― zào yī tái shǒujī ― to manufacture a mobile phone
- 萬物是藉著他造的;凡被造的,沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3
- Wànwù shì jièzhe tā zào de; fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yī yàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de. [Pinyin]
- All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
万物是借着他造的;凡被造的,没有一样不是借着他造的。 [MSC, simp.]
- to make up; to fabricate
- (colloquial) to spend money without constraint
- (literary, obsolete) to start
- (literary, obsolete) to establish
- (dialectal) harvest of crops
- 早造 ― zǎozào ― early crops
- (dialectal) Classifier for harvests.
- (law) party concerned in the suit
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 造
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Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
造
- (literary) to go to; to visit; to reach
- (literary) attainments; achievements
- (literary) to train
- (literary) to give a life
- 再造之恩 ― zàizàozhī'ēn ― great benevolence of saving one's life
- (literary) era
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
造
Etymology 4[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
造
Etymology 5[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 造 – see 𢲵 (“(Sichuan) to stir; to flip over; to rummage”). (This character, 造, is a variant form of 𢲵.) |
References[edit]
- “造”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04146
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
造
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)←ざう (zau, historical); そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kun: いたる (itaru, 造る); つく (tsuku); つくる (tsukuru, 造る, Jōyō); つくり (tsukuri, 造り); なる (naru, 造る); みやつこ (miyatsuko, 造)
- Nanori: いたる (itaru); なり (nari); なる (naru); はじめ (hajime); みやつこ (miyatsuko)
Compounds[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 造 (MC d͡zɑuX).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 구조 (構造, gujo)
- 조성 (造成, joseong)
- 조작 (造作, jojak)
- 날조 (捏造, naljo)
- 창조 (創造, changjo)
- 위조 (僞造, wijo)
- 인조 (人造, injo)
- 건조 (建造, geonjo)
- 축조 (築造, chukjo)
- 조선 (造船, joseon)
- 주조 (鑄造, jujo)
- 조화 (造化, johwa)
- 변조 (變造, byeonjo)
- 급조 (急造, geupjo)
- 개조 (改造, gaejo)
- 가조 (假造, gajo)
- 모조 (模造, mojo)
- 목조 (木造, mokjo)
- 재조 (再造, jaejo)
- 조물 (造物, jomul)
- 조어 (造語, jo'eo)
- 조차 (造次, jocha)
- 조폐 (造幣, jopye)
- 천조 (天造, cheonjo)
- 편조 (編造, pyeonjo)
- 석조 (石造, seokjo)
- 제조 (製造, jejo)
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 造 (MC t͡sʰɑuH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
造: Hán Nôm readings: tạo, xáo, xạo, tháo
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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