米

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See also: 釆
米 U+7C73, 米
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C73
← 籲
[U+7C72] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 籴 →
[U+7C74]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
米-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 119 米

米 (radical 119, 米+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火木 (FD), four-corner 90904, composition ⿻丷木(GHJKV) or ⿻十⿱丷八(T) or ⿻丷⿻十八(T))

  1. Kangxi radical #119, ⽶.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 906, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26832
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1331, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3141, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7C73

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 米
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 米 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 米 (Cantonese)
  • 米 (Classical)
  • mī (Min Dong)
  • bí (Min Nan)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 米
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
米-oracle.svg 米-bronze.svg 米-silk.svg 米-slip.svg 米-seal.svg 米-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (米) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謎 *miː, *miːs
迷 *miː
米 *miːʔ
眯 *miːʔ
洣 *miːʔ
蔝 *miːʔ
麊 *me
冞 *me
糜 *mral
敉 *meʔ
侎 *meʔ
麋 *mril
蘪 *mril
攗 *mril

Pictogram (象形) – rice kernels.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma-j ~ mej (“rice; paddy”). Cognate with Garo mi (“rice”), Atong (India) mai (“rice”), Jingpho ma (“rice; paddy”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 米
Mandarin Beijing /mi²¹⁴/
Harbin /mi²¹³/
Tianjin /mi¹³/
Jinan /mi⁵⁵/
Qingdao /mi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /mi⁵³/
Xi'an /mi⁵³/
Xining /mji⁵³/
Yinchuan /mi⁵³/
Lanzhou /mi⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /mi⁵¹/
Wuhan /mi⁴²/
Chengdu /mi⁵³/
Guiyang /mi⁴²/
Kunming /mi⁵³/
Nanjing /mi²¹²/
Hefei /mz̩²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /mi⁵³/
Pingyao /mi⁵³/
Hohhot /mi⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /mi²³/
Suzhou /mi³¹/
Hangzhou /mi⁵³/
Wenzhou /mei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /mi³⁵/
Tunxi /me²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /mi⁴¹/
Xiangtan /mi⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /mi²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /mi³¹/
Taoyuan /mi³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɐi²³/
Nanning /mei²⁴/
Hong Kong /mɐi¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bi⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /mi³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mi²¹/ 量
/mi⁴²/ 名
Shantou (Min Nan) /bi⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /vi²¹³/
Rime
Character 米
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 莫禮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/meiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/meiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/meiX/
Wang
Li 		/mieiX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/mieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mǐ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 米
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mejX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*(C.)mˁ[e]jʔ/
English millet or rice grains, dehusked and polished

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 米
Reading # 1/1
No. 9003
Phonetic
component 		米
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		米
Old
Chinese 		/*miːʔ/

Definitions[edit]

米

  1. hulled or husked uncooked rice
  2. husked seed
  3. grain-like things
  4. (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 米粉 (mǐfěn, “rice vermicelli”).
    星洲炒米  ―  Xīngzhōu chǎomǐ  ―  Singapore-style noodles
  5. A surname​.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 大米 (“husked uncooked rice”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 米
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 稻米
Mandarin Beijing 白米, 大米, 米
Taiwan 米
Harbin 大米, 米
Jinan 大米
Muping 大米
Luoyang 大米
Wanrong 大米
Xi'an 白米
Xining 大米, 米
Xuzhou 大米, 米
Yinchuan 稻米, 白米
Lanzhou 大米
Ürümqi 米
Wuhan 米
Chengdu 米, 大米, 飯米
Guiyang 米
Liuzhou 米
Yangzhou 米
Nanjing 米
Hefei 米
Cantonese Guangzhou 米
Hong Kong 米
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 米
Dongguan 米
Yangjiang 米
Danzhou 米
Kuala Lumpur 米
Gan Nanchang 米
Lichuan 米
Pingxiang 米
Hakka Meixian 米
Yudu 米
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 米
Liudui (S. Sixian) 米
Hsinchu (Hailu) 米
Dongshi (Dabu) 米
Hsinchu (Raoping) 米
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 米
Hong Kong 米
Senai 米
Huizhou Jixi 米
Shexian 米
Tunxi 米
Jin Taiyuan 大米
Xinzhou 大米
Min Bei Jian'ou 米
Dikou 米
Zhenqian 米
Shibei 早米
Min Dong Fuzhou 米
Min Nan Xiamen 米
Quanzhou 米
Zhangzhou 米
Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 米
Chaozhou 米
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 米
Wenchang 米
Haikou 米
Leizhou 米
Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 米
Wu Shanghai 米
Suzhou 米
Hangzhou 米
Wenzhou 米
Chongming 米
Danyang 米
Jinhua 米
Ningbo 米
Xiang Changsha 米
Shuangfeng 米
Loudi 米

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 米

Etymology 2[edit]

Short for 米突 (mǐtū), from English metre.

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

米

  1. metre
    我有一米九高。  ―  Wǒ yǒu yī mǐ jiǔ gāo.  ―  I'm 1.9 metres tall.
Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

See also[edit]

  • (unit of length): 丈 (zhàng), 尺 (chǐ), 寸 (cùn), 分 (fēn)

Further reading[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

米

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. husked rice grains
  2. meter, metre (SI unit of length)
  3. Short for 亜米利加 (Amerika): America, American, Americas, Americo-
  4. Short for 亜米利加合衆国 (Amerika Gasshūkoku): the United States
  5. eighty-eight-year-old

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
米
こめ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨ko2me2⟩ → */kəməj/ → /kome/

From Old Japanese.

Many theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:

  • From 籠め (​kome), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 籠める (komeru, “do with one's heart”), from the way rice is farmed.

Probably cognate with Proto-Vietic *kəːm (“cooked rice”), modern cơm.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

米(こめ) • (kome) 

  1. rice (husked grains of the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa), one of the five grains
    Hypernym: 五穀 (gokoku)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Proverbs[edit]
Proverbs
Coordinate terms[edit]
See also[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

米(こめ) • (Kome) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
米
よね
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨yo2nai⟩ → */jənai/ → */jəne/ → /jone/

First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).

Possibly from Proto-Japonic *jənaC- (Vovin, 1998)[4] and related to 稲 (ine, “rice plant”).

Unknown "-C-" consonantal segment, reconstructed by Vovin, seems unlikely considering [a ~ e] vowel alternation:

Compare 藍 (awi → ai, “indigo”) from 青 (awo → ao, “blue”) + い (i, emphatic nominative particle)[5] against 白い /siroi/ from ⟨siro1ki1⟩.[6]

The colloquial sense is derived from the components of the 米 kanji: 八 (hachi, “eight”) + 十 (jū, “ten”) + 八 (hachi, “eight”).

Noun[edit]

米(よね) • (yone) 

  1. the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa
    Synonym: 稲 (ine)
  2. rice (husked grains of the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa)
  3. (colloquial) an eighty-eight-year-old
    Synonym: 米寿 (beiju)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun[edit]

米(よね) • (Yone) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
米
めめ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

First attested around the Edo period.

Probably a shortened reduplication of kome (see above). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun[edit]

米(めめ) • (meme) 

  1. (colloquial) rice (husked grains of the rice plant)

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
米
めーとる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Borrowing from French mètre.[1]

The use of this kanji is attested in the Meiji period and is an example of ateji (当て字), shortened from Mandarin 米突 (mǐtū), see Chinese section above.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

米(メートル) • (mētoru) 

  1. Rare spelling of メートル (mētoru): meter, metre (SI unit of length)
  2. Rare spelling of メーター (mētā): a device or implement used for measurement
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Coordinate terms[edit]
See also[edit]
See also

References[edit]

  • New Nelson: 4380
  • Halpern: 3529
  • Halpern Learners: 2198
  • Heisig: 919
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 6b0.1
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. ^ 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Whitman, John (2012). "Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan, Rice, Volume 4, Issue 3–4, pp 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0
  5. ^ Thomas Pellard (2013). Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
  6. ^ Hamano, S. "Voicing of Obstruents in Old Japanese: Evidence from the Sound-Symbolic Stratum." Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9. 3: 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

米 (eumhun 쌀 미 (ssal mi))

  1. Hanja form? of 미 (“rice”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

米: Hán Việt readings: mễ (莫(mạc)禮(lễ)切(thiết))[1][2]
米: Nôm readings: mễ[1][2][3][4], mè[1]

  1. Hán tự form of mễ (“rice grains”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Trần (2004).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  4. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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