藍

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See also: 籃 and 蓝
藍 U+85CD, 藍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85CD
← 藌
[U+85CC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 藎 →
[U+85CE]

藍 U+F923, 藍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F923
← 濫
[U+F922] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 襤 →
[U+F924]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

藍 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+14 in Chinese and Korean, 艸+15 in Japanese, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 17 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 廿尸戈廿 (TSIT) or 廿尸一廿 (TSMT), four-corner 44107, composition ⿱艹監)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1064, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32258
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1528, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3311, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+85CD

Chinese[edit]

trad. 藍
simp. 蓝
2nd round simp. 兰

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
藍 *ɡ·raːm
襤 *ɡ·raːm
籃 *ɡ·raːm
懢 *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖 *ɡ·raːm
蘫 *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬 *ɡ·raːmʔ
欖 *ɡ·raːmʔ
覽 *ɡ·raːmʔ
爁 *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥 *ɡ·raːmʔ
灠 *ɡ·raːmʔ
濫 *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂 *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜 *ɡ·raːms
監 *kraːm, *kraːms
礛 *kraːm
鑑 *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦 *ɡraːmʔ
檻 *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏 *ɡraːmʔ
轞 *ɡraːmʔ
鹽 *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha [script needed] (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.

Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nâ - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • lâm - literary.
Note:
  • lam5 - Chaozhou, Raoping;
  • nam5 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Pontianak;
  • nang5 - Chenghai;
  • na5 - surname.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 藍
    Mandarin Beijing /lan³⁵/
    Harbin /lan²⁴/
    Tianjin /lan⁴⁵/
    Jinan /lã⁴²/
    Qingdao /lã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /lan⁴²/
    Xi'an /lã²⁴/
    Xining /lã²⁴/
    Yinchuan /lan⁵³/
    Lanzhou /lɛ̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /lan⁵¹/
    Wuhan /nan²¹³/
    Chengdu /nan³¹/
    Guiyang /nan²¹/
    Kunming /lã̠³¹/
    Nanjing /laŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /læ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /læ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /lɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /læ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /le²³/
    Suzhou /le̞¹³/
    Hangzhou /lẽ̞²¹³/
    Wenzhou /la³¹/
    Hui Shexian /lɛ⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /lɔ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /lan¹³/
    Xiangtan /nan¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /lan⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /lam¹¹/
    Taoyuan /lɑm¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lam²¹/
    Nanning /lam²¹/
    Hong Kong /lam²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lam³⁵/
    /na³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /laŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /laŋ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /lam⁵⁵/
    /nã⁵⁵/ 姓
    Haikou (Min Nan) /lam³¹/
    Rime
    Character 藍
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 談 (143)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 魯甘切
    Baxter lam
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɑm/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/lɑm/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/lɑm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lam/
    Li
    Rong         		/lɑm/
    Wang
    Li         		/lɑm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/lɑm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		laam4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 藍
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ lam ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[N-k.]rˁam/
    English indigo

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 藍
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6082
    Phonetic
    component         		監
    Rime
    group         		談
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		藍
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡ·raːm/

    Definitions[edit]

    藍／蓝 (lán) (2)

    藍

    1. blue
      藍色／蓝色  ―  lánsè  ―  blue color
    2. indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria)
    3. (politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan
    4. (HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government
    5. a surname: Lan
      藍玉／蓝玉  ―  Lán Yù  ―  Lan Yu (Ming dynasty general)

    Synonyms[edit]

    See also[edit]

    • (supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government) 藍絲／蓝丝 (lánsī)

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (藍):
    • → Japanese: 藍(らん) (ran)
    • → Korean: 람(藍) (ram)
    • → Vietnamese: lam (藍)

    Others:

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    藍

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
    2. the color indigo
    3. kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    藍 (ai): the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria.
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    藍 (ai): the color indigo.
    Kanji in this term
    藍
    あい
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.

    There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to 青 (awo → ao, “blue”):

    • May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro → aoiro):
      ⟨awoiro2⟩ → /awoirə/ → /awɨrə/ → /airo/ → /ai/
    • May be a fusion of 青 (awo → ao) and い (i, emphatic particle)[1]
      */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
    • May be derived from a compound of 青 (awo → ao) +‎ 居 (wi → i, “there is”), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:
      /awowi/ → */awːɨ/ → /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    藍(あい) • (ai) ←あゐ (awi)?

    1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
      Synonyms: 藍蓼 (aitade), 蓼藍 (tade-ai)
      Hypernym: 蓼 (tade)
    2. the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants
      Synonyms: 藍色 (aiiro, ranshoku), インジゴ (injigo), インディゴ (indigo)
    3. Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid

    Usage notes[edit]

    As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as アイ.

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    Proverbs[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    藍(あい) • (Ai) ←あゐ (awi)?

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Thomas Pellard (2013). Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    4. ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    • 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Further reading[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    藍 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    藍 (eumhun 쪽 람 (jjok ram))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    藍 (eumhun 볼 감 (bol gam))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    藍: Hán Nôm readings: lam, chàm, rôm, rườm, trôm, xám

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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