Jump to content

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: and
U+85CD, 藍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85CD

[U+85CC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+85CE]

U+F923, 藍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F923

[U+F922]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F924]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 140, +14 in Chinese and Korean, 艸+15 in Japanese, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 17 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 廿尸戈廿 (TSIT) or 廿尸一廿 (TSMT), four-corner 44107, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1064, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32258
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1528, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3311, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+85CD

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp.
2nd round simp.

Glyph origin

[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic (grass) + phonetic (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (indigo); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, indigo) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.

Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (indigo plant and dye) (> Malay tarum).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note:
  • nâ - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • lâm - literary.
Note:
  • lam5 - Chaozhou, Raoping;
  • nam5 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Pontianak;
  • nang5 - Chenghai;
  • na5 - surname.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /lan³⁵/
Harbin /lan²⁴/
Tianjin /lan⁴⁵/
Jinan /lã⁴²/
Qingdao /lã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lan⁴²/
Xi'an /lã²⁴/
Xining /lã²⁴/
Yinchuan /lan⁵³/
Lanzhou /lɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /lan⁵¹/
Wuhan /nan²¹³/
Chengdu /nan³¹/
Guiyang /nan²¹/
Kunming /lã̠³¹/
Nanjing /laŋ²⁴/
Hefei /læ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /læ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /lɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /læ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /le²³/
Suzhou /le̞¹³/
Hangzhou /lẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /la³¹/
Hui Shexian /lɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lan¹³/
Xiangtan /nan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lan⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lam¹¹/
Taoyuan /lɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lam²¹/
Nanning /lam²¹/
Hong Kong /lam²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lam³⁵/
/na³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /laŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /laŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /lam⁵⁵/
/nã⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lam³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter lam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɑm/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɑm/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lam/
Li
Rong
/lɑm/
Wang
Li
/lɑm/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/lɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
laam4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lán
Middle
Chinese
‹ lam ›
Old
Chinese
/*[N-k.]rˁam/
English indigo

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6082
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡ·raːm/

Definitions

[edit]
(lán) (2)

  1. blue
      ―  lán  ―  blue color
  2. indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria)
  3. (politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan
  4. (HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government
    Antonym: (huáng)
  5. (literary) Short for 伽藍伽蓝 (qiélán, “Buddhist temple”).
      ―  mínglán  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  6. a surname: Lan
      ―  Lán  ―  Lan Yu (Ming dynasty general)

Synonyms

[edit]

See also

[edit]
  • (supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government) 藍絲蓝丝 (lánsī)

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (らん) (ran)
  • Korean: 람(藍) (ram)
  • Vietnamese: lam ()

Others:

Compounds

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
  2. the color indigo
  3. kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
(ai): the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria.
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
(ai): the color indigo.
Kanji in this term
あい
Grade: S
kun'yomi

/awi/ → */aji//ai/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.

There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to (awo → ao, blue):

  • May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro → aoiro):
    ⟨awoiro2/awoirə//awɨrə//airo//ai/
  • May be a fusion of (awo → ao) and (i, emphatic particle)[1]
    */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji//ai/
  • May be derived from a compound of (awo → ao) +‎ (wi → i, there is), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:
    /awowi/ → */awːɨ//awi/ → */aji//ai/

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(あい) or (アイ) (aiあゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?

  1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
    Synonyms: 藍蓼 (aitade), 蓼藍 (tade-ai)
    Hypernym: (tade)
  2. the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants
    Synonyms: 藍色 (aiiro, ranshoku), インジゴ (injigo), インディゴ (indigo)
  3. Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid

Usage notes

[edit]

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as アイ.

Derived terms

[edit]

Proverbs

[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

(あい) (Aiあゐ (Awi)?

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Thomas Pellard (2013). Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Further reading

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun (jjok ram), word-initial (South Korea) (jjok nam))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: lam, chàm, rôm, rườm, trôm, xám

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

[edit]