艦

艦 U+8266, 艦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8266 ← 艥 [U+8265] CJK Unified Ideographs 艧 → [U+8267]

See also: 舰

Translingual

Han character

艦 (radical 137 舟+14, 20 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜尸戈廿 (HYSIT) or 竹卜尸一廿 (HYSMT), four-corner 2841₇, composition ⿰舟監)

References

• KangXi: page 1013, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30571
• Dae Jaweon: page 1471, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3069, character 8
• Unihan data for U+8266

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Chinese

trad.		艦
simp.		舰

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	*ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	*ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	*ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	*ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂	*ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	*kraːm, *kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	*kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡraːmʔ): semantic 舟 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Etymology

"Warship (with boards installed on its four sides to defend against arrow attacks)" (Shiming) > "warship" > "ship" (Guangya). A specialised character derived from 檻 (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, railing, board”); see there for more on the external etymology.

This character is a classic example of historical misreadings of unfamiliar characters. The l- initial in southern dialects is probably due to confusion with 濫 (MC lɑm^H, “to overflow”), not due to divergent evolutions of the Old Chinese cluster initial *gr- as this character is often cited as an example of. Likewise, the readings in other Chinese are misreadings, although this is more subtle. Expected Mandarin reflex is xiàn, and jiàn is due to confusion with 鑑 (MC kˠam^H, “mirror; to reflect”). Wu and Min Dong readings are results of confusion with 檻 (MC ɦˠam^X, “doorsill”). Despite these irregularities, all the Sinoxenic readings are regular.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kam
• Min Dong (BUC): kāng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lām / hām / kàm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lam²

• Wu (Wiktionary): khe (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Wade-Giles: chien⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: laam⁶
    • Yale: laahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lam⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /lɑːm²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kam
    • Hakka Romanization System: gam
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gam⁴
    • IPA: /kam⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kāng
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lām
    • Tâi-lô: lām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lam²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lam³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hām
    • Tâi-lô: hām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ham
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ham²²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
    • Tâi-lô: kàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
    • IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/

Note:

• hām - literary;
• lām - vernacular (俗).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lam²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lám
  • IPA ^(key): /lam⁵²/

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: khe (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰe̞³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠam^X/▼

Rime
Character	艦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡黤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠamX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚamX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣamX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨmX/
Li Rong	/ɣamX/
Wang Li	/ɣamX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣamX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	艦
Reading #	1/1
No.	6109
Phonetic component	監
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	檻
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːmʔ/
Notes	見釋名

Noun

艦

1. warship

Compounds

• 兵艦／兵舰 (bīngjiàn)
• 巡洋艦／巡洋舰 (xúnyángjiàn)
• 巡防艦／巡防舰
• 戰艦／战舰 (zhànjiàn)
• 旗艦／旗舰 (qíjiàn)
• 母艦／母舰 (mǔjiàn)
• 炮艦／炮舰 (pàojiàn)
• 無敵艦隊／无敌舰队

• 第七艦隊／第七舰队
• 義勇艦隊／义勇舰队
• 航空母艦／航空母舰 (hángkōng mǔjiàn)
• 船艦／船舰
• 艦橋／舰桥
• 艦炮／舰炮
• 艦艇／舰艇 (jiàntǐng)
• 艦長／舰长 (jiànzhǎng)

• 艦隊／舰队 (jiànduì)
• 艦隻／舰只
• 護衛艦／护卫舰 (hùwèijiàn)
• 軍艦／军舰 (jūnjiàn)
• 軍艦鳥／军舰鸟
• 驅潛艦／驱潜舰
• 驅逐艦／驱逐舰 (qūzhújiàn)
• 鬥艦／斗舰

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (艦):

• Japanese: 艦 (かん) (kan)
• Korean: 함 (艦, ham)
• Vietnamese: hạm (艦)

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Japanese

Kanji

艦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. warship

Readings

• Goon: げん (gen)
• Kan’on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: いくさぶね (ikusabune, 艦)

Compounds

Compounds

• 母艦 (ぼかん) (bokan): mothership
• 航空母艦 (こうくうぼかん) (kōkūbokan): aircraft carrier

Kanji in this term
艦
かん Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) か​ん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

艦 (hiragana かん, rōmaji kan)

1. warship

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Korean

Hanja

艦 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune-Reischauer ham, Yale ham)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

艦 (hạm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.