胡

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See also: 楜, 衚, and 鬍
胡 U+80E1, 胡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80E1
← 胠
[U+80E0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 胢 →
[U+80E2]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

胡 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十口月 (JRB), four-corner 47620, composition ⿰古月(GJKV) or ⿰古⺼(HT))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 979, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29400
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1431, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2056, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+80E1

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 胡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
箇 *kaːls
個 *kaːls
居 *kɯ, *kas
橭 *kaː, *kʰaː
嫴 *kaː
姑 *kaː
辜 *kaː
酤 *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄 *kaː
鴣 *kaː
沽 *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬 *kaː, *kaːʔ
古 *kaːʔ
罟 *kaːʔ
估 *kaːʔ
鈷 *kaːʔ
詁 *kaːʔ
牯 *kaːʔ
故 *kaːs
固 *kaːs
稒 *kaːɡs
痼 *kaːɡs
錮 *kaːɡs
鯝 *kaːɡs
棝 *kaːɡs
凅 *kaːɡs
枯 *kʰaː
軲 *kʰaː
跍 *kʰaː
骷 *kʰaː
苦 *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫 *qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬 *ɡaː
瑚 *ɡaː
湖 *ɡaː
鶘 *ɡaː
猢 *ɡaː
醐 *ɡaː
糊 *ɡaː
箶 *ɡaː
蝴 *ɡaː
胡 *ɡaː
瓳 *ɡaː
怙 *ɡaːʔ
祜 *ɡaːʔ
岵 *ɡaːʔ
婟 *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛 *ɡaːʔ
据 *ka
裾 *ka
琚 *ka
椐 *ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋 *ka
蜛 *ka
崌 *ka
涺 *ka
腒 *ka, *ɡa
鋸 *kas
倨 *kas
踞 *kas
涸 *ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaː): phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic ⺼.

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 胡
simp. # 胡
"dewlap"
A derivative is 鬍 (“beard”) (Schuessler, 2007).
"steppe nomads"
Etymology unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
interrogative word ("what; why; how")
Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”), Tibetan ག་ན (ga na, “where; how”), Tibetan ག་རུ (ga ru, “to where”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 何 (hé) for more.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ô͘ - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • hô͘ - literary.
Note:
  • hu5 - literary;
  • ou5 - surname.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 胡
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 模 (23)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 戸吳切
    Baxter hu
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦuo/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦuo/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣo/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦɔ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣo/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣuo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hú
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wu4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 胡
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		hú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hu ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]ˁa/
    English foreigners in the north

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 胡
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4255
    Phonetic
    component         		古
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		胡
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡaː/

    Definitions[edit]

    胡

    1. (obsolete) wattle; dewlap (fleshy lobe hanging from the head or neck of animals)
    2. (obsolete) wattle-like object, such as pendent parts on implements
    3. (literary) how; why; what
    4. (historical) barbarian; a generic term for any non-Han peoples who lived to the north and west of China's borders
      胡人  ―  húrén  ―  foreigner
    5. (historical) countries and peoples in the Western Regions, including Persia, Daqin, and in Pre-Tang texts, India
    6. (by extension) introduced from the northern or western non-Han peoples or from abroad; non-Chinese; foreign; imported
      胡桃  ―  hútáo  ―  walnut
      胡蘿蔔／胡萝卜  ―  húluóbo  ―  carrot
    7. Short for 胡琴 (húqín, “huqin; general term for two-stringed bowed instruments with origins in the western non-Han peoples”).
      二胡  ―  èrhú  ―  erhu
      板胡  ―  bǎnhú  ―  banhu
    8. (historical) (～國) State of Hu in the Spring and Autumn Period in modern-day Anhui, conquered by the State of Chu in 496 BCE
    9. (obsolete) black; dark-skinned
    10. (obsolete) far; great; senior
    11. outrageously; recklessly; wildly; foolishly
      胡說／胡说  ―  húshuō  ―  to talk nonsense
      胡搞  ―  húgǎo  ―  to mess around
    12. a surname
      胡錦濤／胡锦涛  ―  Hú Jǐntāo  ―  Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 2002 to 2012
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (why):
    Dialectal synonyms of 為什麼 (“why”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 何為, 何以, 何, 何故, 緣何, 胡, 奚, 曷, 胡為
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 為什麼, 為何, 因何, 何以
    Mandarin Beijing 為什麼, 幹嗎, 幹什麼
    Taiwan 為什麼
    Tianjin 為嘛
    Harbin 為啥
    Yantai (Muping) 為麼, 為麼個
    Jinan 為麼兒, 為麼, 幹麼兒, 為什麼
    Xi'an 為啥, 因啥
    Yinchuan 為啥
    Lanzhou 為啥
    Xining 為啥
    Ürümqi 為啥
    Wuhan 做麼事, 為麼事
    Chengdu 為啥子, 做啥子
    Guiyang 為哪樣, 為些哪樣
    Guilin 為什麼
    Liuzhou 為什麼
    Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 為什麼
    Xuzhou 為啥, 擁啥, 擁什麼
    Yangzhou 甚們事, 做事, 做啥, 為甚們 formal
    Nanjing 為什麼
    Hefei 怎搞, 怎搞的
    Malaysia 為什麼, 做什麼, 做麼
    Singapore 為什麼, 做什麼, 做麼
    Cantonese Guangzhou 點解, 做乜, 做乜嘢, 為乜, 為乜為物, 做乜事幹, 因乜事幹, 因乜解究, 因乜緣故, 何解, 乜, 咩
    Hong Kong 點解, 做乜, 做乜嘢, 做咩, 為乜, 為咩, 做乜事幹, 因乜事幹, 因乜解究, 因咩解究, 因乜緣故, 何解, 乜, 咩
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 做乜嘢
    Macau 為乜嘢
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 點解
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 整乜嘢
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 做乜嘢
    Foshan 點解
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 點解
    Foshan (Shunde) 為乜嘢
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 因乜嘢, 點解
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 為乜嘢
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 為乜嘢
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 點解
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 點解
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 點解
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 幾解
    Taishan 幾何, 幾解, 做乜, 為乜, 乜頭路
    Kaiping (Chikan) 幾解
    Enping (Niujiang) 做乜, 幾解
    Heshan (Yayao) 幾解
    Dongguan 點解, 做乜嘢, 做乜, 為乜嘢
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 點解
    Shenzhen (Dapeng) 點解
    Yangjiang 為乜, 為乜事, 做乜, 做乜事, 做乜嘢
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 為物底
    Qinzhou 為乜嘢, 為乜
    Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 為乜底
    Beihai 為乜嘢
    Beihai (Nankang) 做乜嘢
    Beihai (Yingpan) 為乜底
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 做乜嘢, 為乜
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 做乜嘢
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做乜嘢, 為乜
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 點解
    Singapore (Guangfu) 點解
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 做乜嘢
    Móng Cái 點解, 為乜
    Yangon (Taishan) 幾解
    Gan Nanchang 為什哩
    Pingxiang 為咋個, 為咋哩, 做咋個, 做咋哩, 何解
    Hakka Meixian 做麼個
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 做乜計, 做乜嘢, 仰解
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 做麼個
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 做麼個
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 做麼個
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 做麼個
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 做麼個
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 做麼個
    Hong Kong 做麼個
    Jin Taiyuan 為甚, 因為甚, 幹什
    Xinzhou 𠰻們
    Min Bei Jian'ou 為孰事, 做孰事
    Min Dong Fuzhou 蔣其, 蔣講, 做什乇, 做什名, 幹乜勢, 傒勢
    Changle 傒勢
    Fuqing 介計
    Yongtai 蔣其
    Gutian 做什乇
    Fu'an 做乜乇
    Ningde 做乇
    Shouning 做呢乇
    Zhouning 做乜乇
    Fuding 做哪乇
    Matsu 為什乇, 蔣其, 蔣講, 做什乇, 傒勢
    Min Nan Xiamen 為甚物, 按怎, 物代, 敢咧, 創甚物
    Quanzhou 按怎, 物代
    Jinjiang 為啥物
    Zhangzhou 按怎
    Zhao'an 為甚物
    Dongshan 為甚物
    Taipei 為啥物, 是按怎
    Penang (Hokkien) 何物事, 做物事, 做物
    Singapore (Hokkien) 按怎
    Manila (Hokkien) 敢哪, 敢哪誌
    Chaozhou 做呢
    Shantou 做呢
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 做呢
    Singapore (Teochew) 做呢
    Leizhou 作乜, 因乜
    Wenchang 作乜, 因乜, 怎作
    Haikou 作乜, 作個乜, 作乜物, 因乜, 因個乜
    Singapore (Hainanese) 作乜
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 做門, 做哪門, 為哪門
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 為什個
    Wu Shanghai 啥體, 為啥, 啥講究, 啥個講究, 啥個路道, 啥個緣故
    Shanghai (Chongming) 為何, 做何
    Suzhou 為啥, 為點啥, 做啥, 啥體, 為啥體
    Danyang 為點高, 做點高
    Hangzhou 為啥
    Wenzhou 妝乜, 為何呢, 為乜事幹
    Jinhua 為淡事幹, 為待西
    Xiang Changsha 為麼子, 何解
    Xiangtan 奚解
    Loudi 嗎介
    Shuangfeng 為麼子, 做麼子
    • (barbarian): 番 (fān)
    Descendants[edit]
    • → English: Hu, Hoo, Wu, Woo, Oh
    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 鬍 (“beard; moustache; whiskers”).
    (This character, 胡, is the simplified form of 鬍.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 衚.
    (This character, 胡, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 衚.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 4[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 葫 (“garlic”).
    (This character, 胡, is the second-round simplified form of 葫.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 5[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 猢.
    (This character, 胡, is the second-round simplified form of 猢.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 6[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 蝴 (“butterfly”).
    (This character, 胡, is the second-round simplified form of 蝴.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 7[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 糊 (“congee; rice gruel; porridge; to eat gruel to allay one's hunger; etc.”).
    (This character, 胡, is the second-round simplified form of 糊.)
    Notes:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    胡

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    胡 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    胡: Hán Nôm readings: hồ, hò, ha

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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