狼
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
狼 (radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 43232, composition ⿰犭良)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 712, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
- Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1350, character 7
- Unihan data for U+72FC
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
狼 |
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Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 狼 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
郎 | *raːŋ |
稂 | *raːŋ |
桹 | *raːŋ |
鋃 | *raːŋ |
硠 | *raːŋ |
浪 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
琅 | *raːŋ |
狼 | *raːŋ |
欴 | *raːŋ |
踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
莨 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
艆 | *raːŋ |
駺 | *raːŋ |
躴 | *raːŋ |
筤 | *raːŋ |
閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
蓈 | *raːŋ |
廊 | *raːŋ |
榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
螂 | *raːŋ |
瑯 | *raːŋ |
朗 | *raːŋʔ |
朖 | *raːŋʔ |
誏 | *raːŋʔ |
俍 | *raːŋʔ |
崀 | *raːŋʔ |
埌 | *raːŋs |
蒗 | *raːŋs |
娘 | *naŋ |
良 | *raŋ |
粮 | *raŋ |
悢 | *raŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋ): semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
狼
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
- Kan-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
- Kun: おおかみ (ōkami, 狼)←おほかみ (ofokami, historical)
Compounds[edit]
On'yomi:
- 狼咽 (rōin): cleft palate
- 狼烟 (rōen): a signal fire
- 狼煙 (rōen): a signal fire
- 狼火 (rōka): a signal fire
- 狼牙棒 (rōgebō): a wolf's teeth mace
- 狼子野心 (rōshiyashin): untamed
- 狼藉日 (rōjakunichi): in the Onmyōdō religion, a day when everything is evil
- 狼燧 (rōsui): a signal fire
- 狼星 (rōsei): Sirius, the Dog Star
- 狼藉 (rōzeki): disorderly; violent; savage
- 狼藉者 (rōzekimono): a ruffian
- 狼瘡 (rōsō): (medicine) lupus
- 狼毒 (rōdoku): Japanese wolfsbane, a poisonous perennial of the family Thymelaeaceae
- 狼狽 (rōbai): panic, confusion
- 狼戻 (rōrei): disorderly; violent; savage
Kun'yomi:
- 狼男 (ōkami otoko): a wolfman, a werewolf
- 狼座 (ōkamiza): the Lupus constellation
- 狼人間 (ōkami ningen): a werewolf
- 狼弾 (ōkami hajiki)
- 狼者 (ōkamimono): a brazen, impudent, or cunning person
Irregular:
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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狼 |
おおかみ Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
/opo kami2/ → /opokami/ → /ofokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, “great”) + 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
狼 • (ōkami) (counter 匹, historical kana おほかみ)
- a wolf (animal)
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
- 狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也
- 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 7, page 56)
- 犲狼 [...] 説文云、狼、音郎、於保加美、和名二字、本草和名、犲皮、和名於保加美、雄略紀、豺狼二字同訓、貝原氏曰、狼、於保加美 [...]
- 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 18, page 17) (Shinpukuji manuscript)
- 犲狼: 兼名苑云狼一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美似犬而銃頭白頬者也爾雅注云獥音叫狼子也
- c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō
- 狼(オホカミ)
- 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)
- 狼(ヲヽカミ)
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
- Short for 日本狼 (Nihon'ōkami, “Japanese wolf”).
- 2006 May 20, Akaishi, Michiyo, “最終話 [Final Chapter]”, in AMAKUSA1637 [Amakusa 1637], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 179:
- 狼って絶滅してないの?
- Ōkamitte zetsumetsu shite nai no?
- Aren’t wolves supposed to be extinct?
- Ōkami ippai imasu yō Dō shitan desu kaichō kyō wa
- Wolves are all alive and well. Why are you acting so strange today, chief?
- 狼って絶滅してないの?
Usage notes[edit]
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as オオカミ.
See also[edit]
- (canids) イヌ科 (Inu-ka, “Canidae”); 犬 (inu, “dog”), 狼 (ōkami, “wolf”), 狐 (kitsune, “fox”), コヨーテ (koyōte, “coyote”), ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”) (Category: ja:Canids)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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狼 |
おおかめ Jinmeiyō |
Irregular |
Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.[1][4]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
狼 • (ōkame) (historical kana おほかめ)
- (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
- 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
- Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 697)
- Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.
- 1632: Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75
- Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:
- 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- Kamei, Takashi (1944) Kagakushū: Gennabon (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
- Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
- Tadakane, Tachibana; Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
- Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 狼 (MC lɑŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ (Yale: lang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja[edit]
狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), South Korea 이리 낭 (iri nang))
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
狼: Hán Việt readings: lang[1][2][3]
狼: Nôm readings: lang[1][2][4][5]
Compounds[edit]
- 𣋀天狼 (Sao Thiên Lang, “Sirius”)
References[edit]
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Min Bei lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Min Bei nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese nouns classified by 匹
- Chinese nouns classified by 隻/只
- Chinese nouns classified by 條/条
- Chinese nouns classified by 頭/头
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Canids
- Japanese Han characters
- Kanji used for names
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おおかみ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading おほかみ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ろう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading らう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ろう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading らう
- ja:Diseases
- Japanese terms spelled with 狼 read as おおかみ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese compound words
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 狼
- Japanese short forms
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- ja:Canids
- Japanese terms with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean Han characters
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- Vietnamese Han tu
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- Vietnamese Nom