狼

See also: 狠

狼	U+72FC, 狼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72FC

← 狻
[U+72FB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

狽 →
[U+72FD]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

狼 (radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 4323₂, composition ⿰犭良)

Derived characters[edit]

𦵧, 𥱉, 𮯏

References[edit]

KangXi: page 712, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1350, character 7
Unihan data for U+72FC

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		狼

Wikipedia has articles on:

狼 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
狼 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 狼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
剆	raːl, raːlʔ
郎	*raːŋ
稂	*raːŋ
桹	*raːŋ
鋃	*raːŋ
硠	*raːŋ
浪	raːŋ, raːŋs
蜋	raːŋ, raŋ
琅	*raːŋ
狼	*raːŋ
欴	*raːŋ
踉	raːŋ, raŋ, *raŋs
莨	raːŋ, raːŋs
艆	*raːŋ
駺	*raːŋ
躴	*raːŋ
筤	*raːŋ
閬	raːŋ, raːŋs
哴	raːŋ, raŋs
蓈	*raːŋ
廊	*raːŋ
榔	raːŋ, raːŋʔ
螂	*raːŋ
瑯	*raːŋ
朗	*raːŋʔ
朖	*raːŋʔ
誏	*raːŋʔ
俍	*raːŋʔ
崀	*raːŋʔ
埌	*raːŋs
蒗	*raːŋs
娘	*naŋ
良	*raŋ
粮	*raŋ
悢	*raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋ): semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): láng (lang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): лон (lon, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lòng

(Meixian, Guangdong): long²
Min Dong (BUC): lòng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lông

(Teochew, Peng'im): lang⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): laan (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: láng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lang²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
  - Tongyong Pinyin: láng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: лон (lon, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁴
  - Yale: lòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: longˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: long²
  - Sinological IPA: /loŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: long²
  - Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ouŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông
  - Tâi-lô: lông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: laan (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑ̃²³/

Middle Chinese: /lɑŋ/

Rime
Character	狼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	魯當切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laŋ/
Li Rong	/lɑŋ/
Wang Li	/lɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	狼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	láng
Middle Chinese	‹ lang ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁaŋ/
English	wolf
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	狼
Reading #	1/1
No.	8019
Phonetic component	良
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	郎
Old Chinese	/*raːŋ/
Notes	甲文作𤜪

Definitions[edit]

狼

wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m)
(figuratively) dirty guy; pervert

Synonyms[edit]

(wolf): (Min Nan) 普狸

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 狼

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kan-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kun: おおかみ (ōkami, 狼)^{←おほかみ (ofokami, historical)}

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

On'yomi:

狼 (ろう)咽 (いん) (rōin): cleft palate
狼 (ろう)烟 (えん) (rōen): a signal fire
狼 (ろう)煙 (えん) (rōen): a signal fire
狼 (ろう)火 (か) (rōka): a signal fire
狼 (ろう)牙 (げ)棒 (ぼう) (rōgebō): a wolf's teeth mace
狼 (ろう)子 (し)野 (や)心 (しん) (rōshiyashin): untamed
狼 (ろう)藉 (じゃく)日 (にち) (rōjakunichi): in the Onmyōdō religion, a day when everything is evil
狼 (ろう)燧 (すい) (rōsui): a signal fire
狼 (ろう)星 (せい) (rōsei): Sirius, the Dog Star
狼 (ろう)藉 (ぜき) (rōzeki): disorderly; violent; savage
狼 (ろう)藉 (ぜき)者 (もの) (rōzekimono): a ruffian
狼 (ろう)瘡 (そう) (rōsō): (medicine) lupus
狼 (ろう)毒 (どく) (rōdoku): Japanese wolfsbane, a poisonous perennial of the family Thymelaeaceae
狼 (ろう)狽 (ばい) (rōbai): panic, confusion
狼 (ろう)戻 (れい) (rōrei): disorderly; violent; savage

Kun'yomi:

狼 (おおかみ)男 (おとこ) (ōkami otoko): a wolfman, a werewolf
狼 (おおかみ)座 (ざ) (ōkamiza): the Lupus constellation
狼 (おおかみ)人 (にん)間 (げん) (ōkami ningen): a werewolf
狼 (おおかみ)弾 (はじき) (ōkami hajiki)
狼 (おおかみ)者 (もの) (ōkamimono): a brazen, impudent, or cunning person

Irregular:

狼狽眼 (うろたえまなこ) (urotaemanako): surprised or panicked eyes
狼狽者 (うろたえもの) (urotaemono): an easily confused person
狼牙 (みつもとそう) (mitsumotosō): a type of cinquefoil, sp. Potentilla cryptotaeniae
狼煙守 (のろしまもり) (noroshimamori): a signal fire keeper or tender

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
狼
おおかみ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/opo kami₂/ → /opokami/ → /ofokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, “great”) +‎ 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) おおかみ [óꜜòkàmì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[4]
- IPA^(key): [o̞ːka̠mʲi]

Noun[edit]

狼(おおかみ) or 狼(オオカミ) • (ōkami) (counter 匹, historical hiragana おほかみ, historical katakana オホカミ)

a wolf (animal)
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
  狐狼上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也
- 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 7, page 56)
  犲狼 [...] 説文云、狼、音郎、於保加美、和名二字、本草和名、犲皮、和名於保加美、雄略紀、豺狼二字同訓、貝原氏曰、狼、於保加美 [...]
- 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 18, page 17) (Shinpukuji manuscript)
  犲狼: 兼名苑云狼一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美似犬而銃頭白頬者也爾雅注云獥音叫狼子也
- c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō
  狼（オホカミ）
- 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)
  狼（ヲヽカミ）
Short for 日本狼 (Nihon'ōkami, “Japanese wolf”).
- 2006 May 20, Akaishi, Michiyo, “最さい終しゅう話わ [Final Chapter]”, in AMAKUSAアマクサ1637 [Amakusa 1637], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 179:
  
  狼 (おおかみ)って絶 (ぜつ)滅 (めつ)してないの？
  Ōkamitte zetsumetsu shite nai no?
  Aren’t wolves supposed to be extinct?
  狼 (おおかみ)いっぱいいますよー　どうしたんです　会 (かい)長 (ちょう)　今日 (きょう)は
  Ōkami ippai imasu yō Dō shitan desu kaichō kyō wa
  Wolves are all alive and well. Why are you acting so strange today, chief?

Usage notes[edit]

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as オオカミ.

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
狼
おおかめ Jinmeiyō
Irregular

Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.^[1]^[4]

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [o̞ːka̠me̞]

Noun[edit]

狼(おおかめ) • (ōkame) (historical hiragana おほかめ)

(possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
- 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
  Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 697)
  Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.
- 1632: Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75
  Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
Kamei, Takashi (1944) Kagakushū: Gennabon (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
Tadakane, Tachibana; Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), South Korea 이리 낭 (iri nang))

wolf

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

狼: Hán Việt readings: lang^[1]^[2]^[3]
狼: Nôm readings: lang^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5]

Hán tự form of lang (“wolf”).

Compounds[edit]

𣋀天狼 (Sao Thiên Lang, “Sirius”)

References[edit]

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[2] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[tdcndg-5] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-6] 2.0 ^2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-7] Trần (2004).

[bonet-8] Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-9] Génibrel (1898).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

狼

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

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