狼

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See also: 狠
狼 U+72FC, 狼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72FC
← 狻
[U+72FB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狽 →
[U+72FD]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

狼 (radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 43232, composition ⿰犭良)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 712, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1350, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+72FC

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 狼
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 狼 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 狼 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 狼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
狼-seal.svg 狼-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
剆 *raːl, *raːlʔ
郎 *raːŋ
稂 *raːŋ
桹 *raːŋ
鋃 *raːŋ
硠 *raːŋ
浪 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
蜋 *raːŋ, *raŋ
琅 *raːŋ
狼 *raːŋ
欴 *raːŋ
踉 *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs
莨 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
艆 *raːŋ
駺 *raːŋ
躴 *raːŋ
筤 *raːŋ
閬 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
哴 *raːŋ, *raŋs
蓈 *raːŋ
廊 *raːŋ
榔 *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ
螂 *raːŋ
瑯 *raːŋ
朗 *raːŋʔ
朖 *raːŋʔ
誏 *raːŋʔ
俍 *raːŋʔ
崀 *raːŋʔ
埌 *raːŋs
蒗 *raːŋs
娘 *naŋ
良 *raŋ
粮 *raŋ
悢 *raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋ): semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 狼
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 魯當切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/laŋ/
Li
Rong 		/lɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		láng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		long4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		láng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁaŋ/
English wolf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狼
Reading # 1/1
No. 8019
Phonetic
component 		良
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		郎
Old
Chinese 		/*raːŋ/
Notes 甲文作𤜪

Definitions[edit]

狼

  1. wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m; 頭／头 m)
  2. (figuratively) dirty guy; pervert

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 狼 (“wolf”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狼
Mandarin Beijing 狼
Taiwan 狼
Tianjin 狼
Chengde 狼
Tangshan 狼
Cangzhou 狼
Baoding 狼
Shijiazhuang 狼
Chifeng 狼
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 狼
Heihe 狼
Qiqihar 張三兒
Harbin 狼, 張三兒
Jiamusi 狼, 狼三兒, 張三兒
Baicheng 狼
Changchun 狼
Tonghua 狼
Shenyang 狼
Dandong 狼, 張三
Jinzhou 狼, 張三兒
Dalian 狼
Yantai 狼, 媽虎
Muping 狼, 麻胡
Qingdao 狼, 媽虎
Lijin 狼, 媽虎
Zhucheng 狼, 媽虎, 媽猴
Jinan 狼, 媽虎, 媽猴
Jining 狼, 大媽虎
Luoyang 狼, 狼扒子
Wanrong 狼
Shangqiu 狼
Yuanyang 狼
Zhengzhou 狼
Lingbao 狼
Xinyang 狼, 大尾巴狗
Baihe 狼
Hanzhong 狼
Xi'an 狼
Baoji 狼
Yinchuan 狼
Tianshui 狼
Lanzhou 狼
Dunhuang 狼
Xining 狼狼, 狼
Hami 狼
Ürümqi 狼
Wuhan 狼, 豺狗, 豺狗子
Yichang 狼, 野狗, 豺狗
Xiangyang 狼, 豺狼
Tianmen 狼, 豺狗
Hong'an 狼, 豺狗
Chengdu 狼
Nanchong 狼
Dazhou 狼
Hanyuan 狼
Xichang 狼, 豺狗子, 豺狗
Zigong 狼
Chongqing 狼
Guiyang 豺狗
Zunyi 豺狗
Bijie 豺狗
Liping 狼
Zhaotong 土豹子
Dali 豺狗
Kunming 野狗, 豺狗
Mengzi 豺狗
Guilin 狼
Liuzhou 狼, 豺狼
Jishou 狼, 豺狗
Changde 豺狼
Anqing 狼
Xuzhou 狼
Fuyang 狼
Wuhu 狼
Yangzhou 狼
Lianyungang 狼
Lianshui 狼
Nanjing 狼
Hefei 狼
Nantong 狼
Cantonese Guangzhou 狼
Hong Kong 狼
Dongguan 狼
Yangjiang 狼
Gan Nanchang 狼, 豺狗
Hakka Meixian 豺狼
Huizhou Jixi 狼
Shexian 狼
Jin Taiyuan 狼, 麻胡子, 麻虎, 麻圪節, 麻圪夾
Pingyao 麻胡
Yangyuan 狼
Datong 狼
Xinzhou 狼
Lishi 狼, 山神爺兒
Linfen 狼, 麻虎兒
Changzhi 狼
Linhe 狼
Jining 狼
Hohhot 狼
Erenhot 狼
Pingshan 狼
Zhangjiakou 狼
Handan 狼
Linzhou 狼
Suide 狼, 山神爺
Min Bei Jian'ou 狼
Min Dong Fuzhou 狼
Min Nan Xiamen 狼
Quanzhou 狼
Jinjiang 普狸
Chaozhou 狼, 豺狗
Min Zhong Yong'an 狼
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狼
Wu Shanghai 狼
Baoshan (Shuangcaodun) 狼
Baoshan (Luodian) 狼
Pudong (Zhoupu) 狼
Songjiang 狼
Suzhou 狼
Wujiang (Lili) 狼
Wujiang (Shengze) 狼
Wuxi 狼
Changshu 狼
Kunshan 狼
Jiaxing 狼
Changzhou 狼
Liyang 狼
Jintan 狼
Yixing 狼
Danyang 狼
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 狼
Jingjiang 狼
Jiangyin 狼
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 狼
Hangzhou 狼
Shaoxing 狼
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 狼
Shengzhou (Chongren) 狼
Shengzhou (Taiping) 狼
Ningbo 狼
Yuyao 狼
Huangyan 狼
Wenzhou 狼, 狼狗
Quzhou 狼
Jinhua 狼
Yongkang 狼
Xiang Changsha 狼
Shuangfeng 狼, 山馬

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 狼

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

狼

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. wolf

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

On'yomi:

Kun'yomi:

Irregular:

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
狼
おおかみ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/opo kami2/ → /opokami/ → /ofokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, “great”) +‎ 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).[1][2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

狼(おおかみ) • (ōkami) ←おほかみ (ofokami)? (counter 匹)

  1. a wolf (animal)
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
      狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也
    • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 7, page 56)
      犲狼 [...] 説文云、狼、音郎、於保加美、和名二字、本草和名、犲皮、和名於保加美、雄略紀、豺狼二字同訓、貝原氏曰、狼、於保加美 [...]
    • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 18, page 17) (Shinpukuji manuscript)
      犲狼: 兼名苑云狼一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美似犬而銃頭白頬者也爾雅注云獥音叫狼子也
    • c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō
      狼（オホカミ）
    • 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)
      狼（ヲヽカミ）
  2. Short for 日本狼 (Nihon'ōkami, “Japanese wolf”).
    • 2006 May 20, Akaishi, Michiyo, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ) [Final Chapter]”, in AMAKUSA(アマクサ)1637 [Amakusa 1637], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 179:
      狼(おおかみ)って絶(ぜつ)滅(めつ)してないの？
      Ōkamitte zetsumetsu shite nai no?
      Aren’t wolves supposed to be extinct?
      狼(おおかみ)いっぱいいますよー　どうしたんです　会(かい)長(ちょう)　今日(きょう)は
      Ōkami ippai imasu yō Dō shitan desu kaichō kyō wa
      Wolves are all alive and well. Why are you acting so strange today, chief?
Usage notes[edit]

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オオカミ.

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
狼
おおかめ
Jinmeiyō
Irregular

Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.[1][4]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

狼(おおかめ) • (ōkame) ←おほかめ (ofokame)?

  1. (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
    • 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
      Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 697)
      Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.
    • 1632: Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75
      Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 狼 (MC lɑŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ (Yale: lang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), South Korea 이리 낭 (iri nang))

  1. Hanja form? of 랑/낭 (“wolf”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

狼: Hán Việt readings: lang[1][2][3]
狼: Nôm readings: lang[1][2][4][5]

  1. Hán tự form of lang (“wolf”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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