ruffian

English

Etymology

From Middle French rufian, from Italian ruffiano (“pimp”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹʌfi.ən/

Noun

ruffian (plural ruffians)

1. A scoundrel, rascal, or unprincipled, deceitful, brutal and unreliable person.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Shakespeare

     Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian?

2. (obsolete) A pimp; a pander.
3. (obsolete) A lover; a paramour.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Bishop Reynolds

     He [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home, revelling with her ruffians.

Synonyms

• rogue
• scamp

Translations

scoundrel, rascal

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 痞子 (zh) (pǐzi)

• Dutch: schelm (nl) m, schurk (nl) m
• Finnish: räyhääjä (fi), öykkäri (fi), rettelöijä (fi)
• French: rufian (fr), voyou (fr), brute (fr)
• Greek: κακούργος (el) m (kakoúrgos)
• Irish: ruifíneach m, bithiúnach m
• Italian: facinoroso (it) m
• Khmer: អ្នកលេងកាប់ចាក់ (neak leeŋ kap cak)

• Portuguese: rufião (pt) m
• Russian: негодя́й (ru) m (negodjáj), хулига́н (ru) m (xuligán), буя́н (ru) m (buján)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: грубѝја̄н m, силѐџија m

  Roman: grubìjān (sh) m, silèdžija (sh) m

• Slovene: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: rufian m
• Swedish: skurk (sv) c, rackare (sv) c, slyngel (sv) c, lymmel (sv) c
• Yiddish: כוליגאַן‎‎ m (khuligan)

Verb

ruffian (third-person singular simple present ruffians, present participle ruffianing, simple past and past participle ruffianed)

1. To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Shakespeare, Othello, Act II, Scene I

     "Methinks the wind does speak aloud at land; A fuller blast ne'er shook our battlements. If it hath ruffianed so upon the sea,".

Adjective

ruffian (comparative more ruffian, superlative most ruffian)

1. Brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous.

   ruffian rage

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for ruffian in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)

Anagrams

• funfair

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French

Noun

ruffian m (plural ruffians)

1. Alternative spelling of rufian
   • 1943, Jean Ray, Malpertuis, 1978 ed., p. 8

     Il n'y a que la fortune pour faire d'un ruffian un honnête homme, soumis aux lois humaines.

Further reading

• “ruffian” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).